{ "programs": [ { "id": "australia-skilled-independent-189", "country_id": "australia", "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Skilled Independent visa (subclass 189) — Points-tested stream", "zh-Hans": "独立技术移民签证（189 子类）- 积分测试类别" }, "aliases": [ "subclass 189", "Skilled Independent 189", "189 points-tested" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "The points-tested stream is invitation-based through SkillSelect. Meeting the points threshold and other eligibility signals does not guarantee an invitation or visa grant.", "zh-Hans": "积分测试流是通过 SkillSelect 基于邀请进行的。满足积分门槛和其他资格信号并不能保证获得邀请或签证。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A permanent skilled visa for invited workers who do not need an employer or state sponsor. Applicants must nominate an eligible occupation, hold a suitable skills assessment, satisfy the points test, and be invited to apply.", "zh-Hans": "为不需要雇主或国家担保的受邀工人提供永久技术签证。申请人必须提名一个合格的职业，进行适当的技能评估，满足分数测试，并被邀请申请。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Skilled workers under 45 at invitation with an occupation on the relevant skilled list, a positive skills assessment, at least Competent English, and a competitive SkillSelect points score.", "zh-Hans": "受邀请的 45 岁以下技术工人，其职业在相关技术清单上，具有积极的技能评估，至少具有良好的英语能力，并且具有有竞争力的 SkillSelect 分数。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "People without an eligible occupation, skills assessment, English evidence, or a competitive points score. Invitation rounds are competitive and not a personal entitlement.", "zh-Hans": "没有合格职业、技能评估、英语证明或竞争分数的人。邀请轮次是竞争性的，不是个人权利。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "points_invitation", "eligibility": { "age": { "max": 44, "points_sensitive": true, "note_md": { "en": "You must be under 45 to be invited for the points-tested stream. Points also vary by age band.", "zh-Hans": "您必须年满 45 岁才能受邀参加积分测试流。分数也因年龄段而异。" } }, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": true, "note_md": { "en": "There is no single universal degree minimum for all occupations. Applicants need a suitable skills assessment for the nominated occupation, and education can contribute points under the points table.", "zh-Hans": "对于所有职业来说，没有单一的通用最低学位。申请人需要对提名职业进行合适的技能评估，教育程度可以在积分表下贡献积分。" } }, "work_experience": { "min_years": 0, "occupation_list_required": true, "note_md": { "en": "The nominated occupation must appear on the relevant skilled occupation list. Skilled employment contributes points, and a suitable skills assessment is required.", "zh-Hans": "提名职业必须出现在相关技术职业列表中。技能就业会加分，并且需要进行适当的技能评估。" } }, "language": [ { "language": "en", "test": "Department-approved English test", "minimum_level": "Competent English", "minimum_benchmark": 6, "note_md": { "en": "Competent English is the baseline for points-tested skilled visas. Proficient and Superior English attract additional points.", "zh-Hans": "合格的英语是通过打分测试的技术签证的基线。熟练和优秀的英语会吸引额外的加分。" } } ], "health_check_required": true, "police_certificate_required": true, "points_based": true, "points_threshold": 65, "invitation_competition_level": "high", "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": false }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Main applicant charge, from official materials", "zh-Hans": "主申请人费用，来自官方材料" }, "amount": 6135, "currency": "AUD", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": false, "accepted_sources": [], "income_location": "not_applicable", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "No fixed income floor is stated as a universal subclass 189 points-tested minimum.", "zh-Hans": "没有固定收入下限被规定为通用子类 189 点测试的最低标准。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "Use the official visa processing times tool for current indications. Invitation timing is separate from post-application processing.", "zh-Hans": "使用官方签证处理时间工具了解当前情况。邀请时间与申请后处理是分开的。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "renewable": false }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": "unknown", "healthcare_access_md": { "en": "Permanent residents may access Medicare if eligible.", "zh-Hans": "如果符合条件，永久居民可以享受医疗保险。" }, "tax_residency_note_md": { "en": "Tax residence depends on Australian tax rules and personal circumstances.", "zh-Hans": "税务居住地取决于澳大利亚税务规则和个人情况。" } }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": true, "spouse_work_allowed": true, "dependent_parents_allowed": "not_applicable", "note_md": { "en": "Members of the family unit can be included in the application and must meet health and character requirements.", "zh-Hans": "家庭成员可以包含在申请中，并且必须满足健康和品格要求。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": true, "summary_md": { "en": "A successful application grants Australian permanent residence directly.", "zh-Hans": "成功申请可直接授予澳大利亚永久居留权。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "min_residence_years": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "Permanent residents may later apply for Australian citizenship if they meet the separate citizenship requirements.", "zh-Hans": "如果永久居民满足单独的公民身份要求，则可以稍后申请澳大利亚公民身份。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 4, "extraction_confidence_score": 4, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "The pathway is official and well documented, but invitation rounds, occupation lists, charges, and detailed stream rules change. This first Australia fixture remains under human review.", "zh-Hans": "该途径是官方的且有详细记录，但邀请轮数、职业列表、费用和详细的流规则发生了变化。澳大利亚的第一场比赛仍在接受人工审查。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 4, "cost_score": 4, "permanence_score": 5, "family_friendliness_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 4, "policy_stability_score": 4 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "direct_pr", "settlement_track": "direct_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "points_invitation", "max_age": 44, "min_liquid_funds_usd": "unknown", "accepts_remote_income": "unknown", "accepts_self_employment": "unknown", "accepts_overseas_remote_income": "unknown", "requires_degree": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": true, "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": true, "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "leads_to_pr": true, "leads_to_citizenship": "indirect", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 4, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" }, "source_ids": [ "australia-home-affairs-189", "australia-home-affairs-189-points-tested", "australia-home-affairs-points-table", "australia-skillselect-eoi", "australia-home-affairs-english", "australia-home-affairs-skills-assessment", "australia-home-affairs-citizenship" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "australia-home-affairs-189-points-tested", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-independent-189/points-tested", "section": "Overview", "snapshot_id": "044ab9b46892f2523ea5a6c14f400df64023d42a6d5af4db715bd4654af21248", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "australia-skillselect-eoi", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/working-in-australia/skillselect/expression-of-interest", "section": "points threshold of 65", "snapshot_id": "1c6541a53f81c1cad6b58ec025cb89fbd3850ccb83180f49e9ab620990df4c64", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "australia-home-affairs-189-points-tested", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-independent-189/points-tested", "section": "About this visa", "snapshot_id": "044ab9b46892f2523ea5a6c14f400df64023d42a6d5af4db715bd4654af21248", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "australia-home-affairs-189-points-tested", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-independent-189/points-tested", "section": "You must", "snapshot_id": "044ab9b46892f2523ea5a6c14f400df64023d42a6d5af4db715bd4654af21248", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "australia-skillselect-eoi", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/working-in-australia/skillselect/expression-of-interest", "section": "Check you will meet or exceed the points threshold", "snapshot_id": "1c6541a53f81c1cad6b58ec025cb89fbd3850ccb83180f49e9ab620990df4c64", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "australia-home-affairs-189-points-tested", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-independent-189/points-tested", "section": "You must", "snapshot_id": "044ab9b46892f2523ea5a6c14f400df64023d42a6d5af4db715bd4654af21248", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" }, { "source_id": "australia-home-affairs-points-table", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-independent-189/points-table", "section": "Points table", "snapshot_id": "be0c735ef99aa880acd2e0af816e46bfdc54245962ae0c3baf19a6b3679a0e72", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" }, { "source_id": "australia-home-affairs-skills-assessment", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/working-in-australia/skills-assessment", "section": "Skills assessment", "snapshot_id": "28bc00e77d7511aa91fb735a8ef78b075df92a9310a7e8906ce9454b3faf7165", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" }, { "source_id": "australia-home-affairs-english", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/english-language", "section": "English language", "snapshot_id": "a334ffb306ea0aa0e01b02380f7b4cf0b644646e776d320642f176473691dc50", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "australia-home-affairs-189-points-tested", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-independent-189/points-tested", "section": "Cost", "snapshot_id": "044ab9b46892f2523ea5a6c14f400df64023d42a6d5af4db715bd4654af21248", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "australia-home-affairs-189-points-tested", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-independent-189/points-tested", "section": "About this visa", "snapshot_id": "044ab9b46892f2523ea5a6c14f400df64023d42a6d5af4db715bd4654af21248", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "australia-home-affairs-189-points-tested", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-independent-189/points-tested", "section": "Processing times", "snapshot_id": "044ab9b46892f2523ea5a6c14f400df64023d42a6d5af4db715bd4654af21248", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "australia-home-affairs-189-points-tested", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-independent-189/points-tested", "section": "With this visa, you can", "snapshot_id": "044ab9b46892f2523ea5a6c14f400df64023d42a6d5af4db715bd4654af21248", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "australia-home-affairs-189-points-tested", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-independent-189/points-tested", "section": "Include family", "snapshot_id": "044ab9b46892f2523ea5a6c14f400df64023d42a6d5af4db715bd4654af21248", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "australia-home-affairs-189-points-tested", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-independent-189/points-tested", "section": "How long you can stay", "snapshot_id": "044ab9b46892f2523ea5a6c14f400df64023d42a6d5af4db715bd4654af21248", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "australia-home-affairs-citizenship", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/citizenship/become-a-citizen", "section": "Become an Australian citizen", "snapshot_id": "fd76d163ab67913f4db1040ce5d22a2d4a25d10f4d5ea29e9aa33e18ff946803", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "australia-home-affairs-189-points-tested", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-independent-189/points-tested", "section": "You must", "snapshot_id": "044ab9b46892f2523ea5a6c14f400df64023d42a6d5af4db715bd4654af21248", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" }, { "source_id": "australia-skillselect-eoi", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/working-in-australia/skillselect/expression-of-interest", "section": "points threshold of 65", "snapshot_id": "1c6541a53f81c1cad6b58ec025cb89fbd3850ccb83180f49e9ab620990df4c64", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z", "update_frequency_days": 7, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z", "summary": "Initial Australia subclass 189 points-tested fixture from official Home Affairs pages.", "source_ids": [ "australia-home-affairs-189-points-tested", "australia-skillselect-eoi" ] } ] }, { "id": "australia-skills-in-demand-482", "country_id": "australia", "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Skills in Demand visa (subclass 482) — Core Skills stream", "zh-Hans": "技能需求签证（482 子类）- 核心技能类别" }, "aliases": [ "SID 482", "Skills in Demand visa", "subclass 482 Core Skills stream" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "The Core Skills stream is an active temporary skilled-employment route administered by the Australian Department of Home Affairs. Thresholds and stream rules can change.", "zh-Hans": "核心技能类别是由澳大利亚内政部管理的现行临时技术就业途径。门槛和类别规则可能变化。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "An employer-sponsored temporary skilled visa for nominated workers in the Core Skills stream, where the employer is addressing a labour shortage and the nominated role meets the stream rules.", "zh-Hans": "面向核心技能类别获提名工人的雇主担保临时技术签证，适用于雇主应对劳动力短缺且提名职位符合类别规则的情况。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Skilled workers with an Australian employer nomination, an eligible occupation and employment arrangement, sufficient English unless exempt, and a salary meeting the applicable threshold and market-salary rules.", "zh-Hans": "适合拥有澳大利亚雇主提名、合资格职业和雇佣安排，并且除非获豁免否则具备足够英语能力，且薪资满足适用门槛和市场薪资规则的技术工人。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "People seeking independent permanent residence, self-sponsored remote work, or work unrelated to a nominating employer and the approved occupation.", "zh-Hans": "不适合寻求独立永久居留、自我担保远程工作，或寻求与提名雇主及获批职业无关工作的人员。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown" }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [ { "language": "en", "test": "Department-approved English test", "minimum_level": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "Primary applicants must meet the specified English standard unless an exemption applies.", "zh-Hans": "除非适用豁免，主申请人必须达到规定的英语标准。" } } ], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": true, "sponsor_required": true }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": true, "min_income": [ { "amount": 79423, "currency": "AUD", "period": "annual", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "For Core Skills stream nomination applications lodged between 1 July 2026 and 30 June 2027, the Department lists a Core Skills Income Threshold of AUD 79,423. The applicable threshold and market salary rate must be checked at filing.", "zh-Hans": "对于 2026 年 7 月 1 日至 2027 年 6 月 30 日提交的核心技能类别提名申请，内政部列出的核心技能收入门槛为 79,423 澳元。递交时必须核对适用门槛和市场薪资。" } } ], "accepted_sources": [ "employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The employer must meet market-salary and income-threshold rules for the nominated worker.", "zh-Hans": "雇主必须为被提名工人满足市场薪资和收入门槛规则。" } }, "timeline": { "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": false }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": true, "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "not_applicable" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained 482 sources establish temporary skilled employment but do not establish a permanent-residence outcome.", "zh-Hans": "保留的 482 子类来源确立了临时技术就业，但没有确认永久居留结果。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained 482 sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "保留的 482 子类来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "extraction_confidence_score": 3, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "The route is supported by official Home Affairs pages, but nomination, occupation, salary, English, and family conditions must be checked for the exact stream and filing date.", "zh-Hans": "该途径有内政部官方页面支持，但必须针对具体类别和递交日期核对提名、职业、薪资、英语和家庭条件。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 4, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "min_annual_income_usd": "unknown", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": false, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": true, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": true, "requires_local_entity": true, "allows_family": true, "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "leads_to_pr": "unknown", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.318Z" }, "source_ids": [ "australia-skills-in-demand-482", "australia-skills-in-demand-482-english", "australia-skills-in-demand-482-salary", "australia-skills-in-demand-482-family" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "australia-skills-in-demand-482", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-visa-subclass-482/core-skills-stream", "section": "Core Skills stream overview", "snapshot_id": "1032dacd7d171e3f8a284683f8f2c12798e3cc959513f2bdfd89cf1da8de0703", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:16.353Z" } ], "/status_note_md": [ { "source_id": "australia-skills-in-demand-482", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-visa-subclass-482/core-skills-stream", "section": "Core Skills stream overview", "snapshot_id": "1032dacd7d171e3f8a284683f8f2c12798e3cc959513f2bdfd89cf1da8de0703", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:16.353Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "australia-skills-in-demand-482", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-visa-subclass-482/core-skills-stream", "section": "Core Skills stream overview", "snapshot_id": "1032dacd7d171e3f8a284683f8f2c12798e3cc959513f2bdfd89cf1da8de0703", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:16.353Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "australia-skills-in-demand-482", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-visa-subclass-482/core-skills-stream", "section": "Employer nomination and labour-shortage route", "snapshot_id": "1032dacd7d171e3f8a284683f8f2c12798e3cc959513f2bdfd89cf1da8de0703", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:16.353Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "australia-skills-in-demand-482", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-visa-subclass-482/core-skills-stream", "section": "Employer-nominated temporary route", "snapshot_id": "1032dacd7d171e3f8a284683f8f2c12798e3cc959513f2bdfd89cf1da8de0703", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:16.353Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "australia-skills-in-demand-482", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-visa-subclass-482/core-skills-stream", "section": "Employer nomination", "snapshot_id": "1032dacd7d171e3f8a284683f8f2c12798e3cc959513f2bdfd89cf1da8de0703", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:16.353Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "australia-skills-in-demand-482-english", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-visa-subclass-482/sufficient-english", "section": "Core Skills stream requirements", "snapshot_id": "a84096627e457b1f7f471ff223b6635fb885c3fdf22b021f60d699b563236bdb", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:16.582Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "australia-skills-in-demand-482", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-visa-subclass-482/core-skills-stream", "section": "Visa requirements", "snapshot_id": "1032dacd7d171e3f8a284683f8f2c12798e3cc959513f2bdfd89cf1da8de0703", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:16.353Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "australia-skills-in-demand-482-salary", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/employing-and-sponsoring-someone/sponsoring-workers/nominating-a-position/salary-requirements", "section": "Core Skills Income Threshold", "snapshot_id": "e18da664655b7a5679c36af2ae5872bb27aca5fc497b5879bf4061cd57f33021", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.038Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "australia-skills-in-demand-482", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-visa-subclass-482/core-skills-stream", "section": "Temporary visa route", "snapshot_id": "1032dacd7d171e3f8a284683f8f2c12798e3cc959513f2bdfd89cf1da8de0703", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:16.353Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "australia-skills-in-demand-482", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-visa-subclass-482/core-skills-stream", "section": "Visa conditions", "snapshot_id": "1032dacd7d171e3f8a284683f8f2c12798e3cc959513f2bdfd89cf1da8de0703", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:16.353Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "australia-skills-in-demand-482-family", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-visa-subclass-482/subsequent-entrant", "section": "Subsequent entrant", "snapshot_id": "d2a6bace552d3d59602065a86354c6ea7fb46ae1f3640a4ae618103eb5bd34ce", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:17.980Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "australia-skills-in-demand-482", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-visa-subclass-482/core-skills-stream", "section": "Temporary visa route", "snapshot_id": "1032dacd7d171e3f8a284683f8f2c12798e3cc959513f2bdfd89cf1da8de0703", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:16.353Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "australia-skills-in-demand-482", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-visa-subclass-482/core-skills-stream", "section": "Temporary visa route", "snapshot_id": "1032dacd7d171e3f8a284683f8f2c12798e3cc959513f2bdfd89cf1da8de0703", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:16.353Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "australia-skills-in-demand-482", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-visa-subclass-482/core-skills-stream", "section": "Core Skills stream overview", "snapshot_id": "1032dacd7d171e3f8a284683f8f2c12798e3cc959513f2bdfd89cf1da8de0703", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:16.353Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T12:44:53Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T12:44:53Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.318Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T12:44:53Z", "summary": "Added Australia Skills in Demand visa (subclass 482) — Core Skills stream coverage from official Home Affairs sources.", "source_ids": [ "australia-skills-in-demand-482", "australia-skills-in-demand-482-english", "australia-skills-in-demand-482-salary", "australia-skills-in-demand-482-family" ] } ] }, { "id": "australia-student-500", "country_id": "australia", "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Student visa (subclass 500)", "zh-Hans": "学生签证（500 子类）" }, "aliases": [ "Australia Student visa", "subclass 500" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "The Australian Department of Home Affairs lists subclass 500 as the Student visa. The official page was last updated 1 July 2026.", "zh-Hans": "澳大利亚内政部将 500 子类列为学生签证。官方页面最后更新于 2026 年 7 月 1 日。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "Australia's principal student visa for international students enrolled in an eligible Australian course. The public Home Affairs page is dynamic, so detailed requirements are kept conservative until each requirement page is captured.", "zh-Hans": "澳大利亚面向就读合资格课程的国际学生的主要学生签证。由于内政部公开页面为动态页面，在逐项获取要求页面之前，详细要求保持保守。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "International students with an eligible course enrolment and the evidence required by Home Affairs for the Student visa.", "zh-Hans": "拥有合资格课程入学资格，并能够提供内政部要求的学生签证证据的国际学生。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants seeking unrestricted employment, independent skilled migration, or a digital-nomad route. Australia does not have a dedicated digital-nomad visa in this record.", "zh-Hans": "不适合寻求不受限制就业、独立技术移民或数字游民途径的申请人。本记录不将澳大利亚签证误称为专门的数字游民签证。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "other", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown" }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": false }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable" }, "timeline": { "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": "unknown", "local_employment_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": false }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "not_applicable" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The Student visa source does not establish a permanent-residence outcome.", "zh-Hans": "学生签证来源没有确认永久居留结果。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The Student visa source does not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "学生签证来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "extraction_confidence_score": 2, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "The official visa page is current but highly dynamic; detailed eligibility and conditions require a human review of the relevant Home Affairs pages.", "zh-Hans": "官方签证页面是当前页面但高度动态；详细资格和条件需要人工审查相关内政部页面。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": false, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": "unknown", "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "leads_to_pr": "unknown", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.318Z" }, "source_ids": [ "australia-student-500" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "australia-student-500", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/student-500", "section": "Subclass 500 Student visa", "snapshot_id": "5b493a82df4f40e0a80c73f3a7ab82e4d370e09da8fbaf35cab7f87922576be1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.090Z" } ], "/status_note_md": [ { "source_id": "australia-student-500", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/student-500", "section": "Last updated 1 July 2026", "snapshot_id": "5b493a82df4f40e0a80c73f3a7ab82e4d370e09da8fbaf35cab7f87922576be1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.090Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "australia-student-500", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/student-500", "section": "Subclass 500 Student visa", "snapshot_id": "5b493a82df4f40e0a80c73f3a7ab82e4d370e09da8fbaf35cab7f87922576be1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.090Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "australia-student-500", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/student-500", "section": "Subclass 500 Student visa", "snapshot_id": "5b493a82df4f40e0a80c73f3a7ab82e4d370e09da8fbaf35cab7f87922576be1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.090Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "australia-student-500", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/student-500", "section": "Subclass 500 Student visa", "snapshot_id": "5b493a82df4f40e0a80c73f3a7ab82e4d370e09da8fbaf35cab7f87922576be1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.090Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "australia-student-500", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/student-500", "section": "Subclass 500 Student visa", "snapshot_id": "5b493a82df4f40e0a80c73f3a7ab82e4d370e09da8fbaf35cab7f87922576be1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.090Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "australia-student-500", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/student-500", "section": "Subclass 500 Student visa", "snapshot_id": "5b493a82df4f40e0a80c73f3a7ab82e4d370e09da8fbaf35cab7f87922576be1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.090Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "australia-student-500", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/student-500", "section": "Subclass 500 Student visa", "snapshot_id": "5b493a82df4f40e0a80c73f3a7ab82e4d370e09da8fbaf35cab7f87922576be1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.090Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "australia-student-500", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/student-500", "section": "Subclass 500 Student visa", "snapshot_id": "5b493a82df4f40e0a80c73f3a7ab82e4d370e09da8fbaf35cab7f87922576be1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.090Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "australia-student-500", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/student-500", "section": "Subclass 500 Student visa", "snapshot_id": "5b493a82df4f40e0a80c73f3a7ab82e4d370e09da8fbaf35cab7f87922576be1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.090Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "australia-student-500", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/student-500", "section": "Subclass 500 Student visa", "snapshot_id": "5b493a82df4f40e0a80c73f3a7ab82e4d370e09da8fbaf35cab7f87922576be1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.090Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "australia-student-500", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/student-500", "section": "Subclass 500 Student visa", "snapshot_id": "5b493a82df4f40e0a80c73f3a7ab82e4d370e09da8fbaf35cab7f87922576be1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.090Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "australia-student-500", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/student-500", "section": "Subclass 500 Student visa", "snapshot_id": "5b493a82df4f40e0a80c73f3a7ab82e4d370e09da8fbaf35cab7f87922576be1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.090Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "australia-student-500", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/student-500", "section": "Subclass 500 Student visa", "snapshot_id": "5b493a82df4f40e0a80c73f3a7ab82e4d370e09da8fbaf35cab7f87922576be1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.090Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "australia-student-500", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/student-500", "section": "Subclass 500 Student visa", "snapshot_id": "5b493a82df4f40e0a80c73f3a7ab82e4d370e09da8fbaf35cab7f87922576be1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.090Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T12:44:53Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T12:44:53Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.318Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T12:44:53Z", "summary": "Added Australia Student visa (subclass 500) coverage from official Home Affairs sources.", "source_ids": [ "australia-student-500" ] } ] }, { "id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485", "country_id": "australia", "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Temporary Graduate visa (subclass 485)", "zh-Hans": "临时毕业生签证（485 子类）" }, "aliases": [ "Temporary Graduate visa", "subclass 485", "Temporary Graduate 485" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "The Temporary Graduate visa is an active temporary post-study route with post-vocational and post-higher-education work streams.", "zh-Hans": "临时毕业生签证是现行的毕业后临时途径，包括职业教育毕业后工作类别和高等教育毕业后工作类别。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A temporary visa allowing eligible international graduates to live, study and work in Australia after completing qualifying Australian study. The official page describes separate post-vocational and post-higher-education streams.", "zh-Hans": "允许合资格国际毕业生在完成符合条件的澳大利亚学习后在澳大利亚居住、学习和工作的临时签证。官方页面描述了职业教育毕业后和高等教育毕业后两个类别。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Recent international graduates who held a Student visa, completed a recent qualification in a CRICOS-registered course, and fit one of the available streams.", "zh-Hans": "持有学生签证、在 CRICOS 注册课程中近期完成学历，并符合可用类别之一的国际毕业生。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants without recent eligible Australian study, people seeking direct permanent residence, or applicants who need to change streams after lodging.", "zh-Hans": "没有近期合资格澳大利亚学习经历、寻求直接永久居留，或需要在递交后更换类别的申请人。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "other", "eligibility": { "age": { "max": 35, "note_md": { "en": "Applicants generally must be aged 35 or under when applying; exceptions apply.", "zh-Hans": "申请时通常必须年满 35 岁或以下；存在例外。" } }, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": false, "note_md": { "en": "The stream depends on the type of recent qualification: an associate degree, diploma or trade qualification for the post-vocational stream, or a degree-level qualification or higher for the post-higher-education stream.", "zh-Hans": "类别取决于近期学历类型：职业教育毕业后类别要求副学士、文凭或行业资格；高等教育毕业后类别要求学位或更高学历。" } }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": false }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable" }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "The post-vocational stream states up to 18 months; the post-higher-education stream usually states between 2 and 3 years, with special rules for Hong Kong and British National Overseas passport holders.", "zh-Hans": "职业教育毕业后类别说明最长 18 个月；高等教育毕业后类别通常说明 2 至 3 年，香港和英国国民（海外）护照持有人有特殊规则。" }, "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": false, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": true, "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "not_applicable" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The Temporary Graduate sources establish a temporary post-study work route but do not establish a permanent-residence outcome.", "zh-Hans": "临时毕业生来源确立了毕业后临时工作途径，但没有确认永久居留结果。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The Temporary Graduate sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "临时毕业生来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "extraction_confidence_score": 4, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "The official page clearly separates the streams, durations and basic study history, but age exceptions, stream-specific conditions and later migration outcomes need case-level review.", "zh-Hans": "官方页面清楚区分了类别、期限和基本学习经历，但年龄例外、类别特定条件及后续移民结果需要按案件审查。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 4, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "temporary_only", "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": false, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": "unknown", "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": true, "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "leads_to_pr": "unknown", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.318Z" }, "source_ids": [ "australia-temporary-graduate-485", "australia-temporary-graduate-485-vocational", "australia-temporary-graduate-485-higher" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485", "section": "Temporary Graduate visa", "snapshot_id": "37fc4d2c7409a0d0c0e058588747bab94fbf182d1f06723fb463dc5df7642cfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.160Z" } ], "/status_note_md": [ { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485", "section": "Temporary Graduate visa", "snapshot_id": "37fc4d2c7409a0d0c0e058588747bab94fbf182d1f06723fb463dc5df7642cfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.160Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485", "section": "Temporary Graduate visa", "snapshot_id": "37fc4d2c7409a0d0c0e058588747bab94fbf182d1f06723fb463dc5df7642cfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.160Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485", "section": "Basic Eligibility", "snapshot_id": "37fc4d2c7409a0d0c0e058588747bab94fbf182d1f06723fb463dc5df7642cfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.160Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485", "section": "Basic Eligibility and stream selection", "snapshot_id": "37fc4d2c7409a0d0c0e058588747bab94fbf182d1f06723fb463dc5df7642cfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.160Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485", "section": "Temporary Graduate visa", "snapshot_id": "37fc4d2c7409a0d0c0e058588747bab94fbf182d1f06723fb463dc5df7642cfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.160Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485", "section": "Basic Eligibility", "snapshot_id": "37fc4d2c7409a0d0c0e058588747bab94fbf182d1f06723fb463dc5df7642cfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.160Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485", "section": "Cost", "snapshot_id": "37fc4d2c7409a0d0c0e058588747bab94fbf182d1f06723fb463dc5df7642cfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.160Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485", "section": "Temporary Graduate visa", "snapshot_id": "37fc4d2c7409a0d0c0e058588747bab94fbf182d1f06723fb463dc5df7642cfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.160Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485-vocational", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485/post-vocational-education-work", "section": "Stay", "snapshot_id": "515525c23bfe5ee4512f1ab458c905355fd4202ba8e802e664848885f77c7d22", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.318Z" }, { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485-higher", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485/post-higher-education-work", "section": "Stay", "snapshot_id": "83a7382f61c66e10b2878b930a88f346d7d4af881beecef79987ca8c7e2ef765", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.255Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485-vocational", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485/post-vocational-education-work", "section": "You can work in Australia", "snapshot_id": "515525c23bfe5ee4512f1ab458c905355fd4202ba8e802e664848885f77c7d22", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.318Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485-vocational", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485/post-vocational-education-work", "section": "You can bring your family with you", "snapshot_id": "515525c23bfe5ee4512f1ab458c905355fd4202ba8e802e664848885f77c7d22", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.318Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485", "section": "Temporary Graduate visa", "snapshot_id": "37fc4d2c7409a0d0c0e058588747bab94fbf182d1f06723fb463dc5df7642cfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.160Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485", "section": "Temporary Graduate visa", "snapshot_id": "37fc4d2c7409a0d0c0e058588747bab94fbf182d1f06723fb463dc5df7642cfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.160Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485", "section": "Temporary Graduate visa", "snapshot_id": "37fc4d2c7409a0d0c0e058588747bab94fbf182d1f06723fb463dc5df7642cfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.160Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T12:44:53Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T12:44:53Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.318Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T12:44:53Z", "summary": "Added Australia Temporary Graduate visa (subclass 485) coverage from official Home Affairs sources.", "source_ids": [ "australia-temporary-graduate-485", "australia-temporary-graduate-485-vocational", "australia-temporary-graduate-485-higher" ] } ] }, { "id": "canada-express-entry-cec", "country_id": "canada", "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Canadian Experience Class", "zh-Hans": "加拿大经验类移民" }, "aliases": [ "CEC", "Canadian Experience Class", "Express Entry CEC" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "The Canadian Experience Class is an active Express Entry permanent-residence program for skilled workers with qualifying Canadian work experience. Meeting minimums enters the pool but does not guarantee an invitation.", "zh-Hans": "加拿大经验类是快速通道下面向具备合资格加拿大工作经验的技术工人的现行永久居留计划。满足最低要求可进入人才库，但不能保证获得邀请。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A federal permanent-residence pathway for skilled workers who have at least one year of authorized skilled work experience in Canada (TEER 0–3), meet language minimums, and plan to live outside Quebec. Candidates compete for invitations through Express Entry.", "zh-Hans": "面向在加拿大拥有至少一年获授权技术工作经验（TEER 0–3）、满足语言最低要求并计划在魁北克以外定居的技术工人的联邦永久居留途径。候选人通过快速通道竞争邀请。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Workers with at least 1,560 hours of paid skilled Canadian work in TEER 0–3 occupations within the last three years, authorized temporary-resident work status at the time of that work, and IRCC-approved language results.", "zh-Hans": "适合在过去三年内拥有至少 1,560 小时 TEER 0–3 带薪加拿大技术工作经验、当时具备获授权临时居民工作身份，并持有 IRCC 认可语言成绩的申请人。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "People without qualifying Canadian skilled work experience, applicants relying on self-employment or full-time student work (which generally do not count), those planning to settle in Quebec under provincial selection, or candidates who cannot meet language or admissibility rules.", "zh-Hans": "不适合没有合资格加拿大技术工作经验、主要依赖自雇或全日制学生期间工作（通常不计）、计划在魁北克通过省甄选定居，或无法满足语言与入境规则的申请人。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "points_invitation", "eligibility": { "age": { "points_sensitive": true, "note_md": { "en": "There is no stated hard maximum age for Canadian Experience Class eligibility. Age affects Comprehensive Ranking System points in the Express Entry pool.", "zh-Hans": "加拿大经验类资格没有规定硬性最高年龄。年龄会影响快速通道人才库中的综合排名系统分数。" } }, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": false, "note_md": { "en": "IRCC states there is no education requirement for the Canadian Experience Class. Canadian or foreign credentials with an Educational Credential Assessment can still improve Express Entry ranking.", "zh-Hans": "IRCC 说明加拿大经验类没有教育要求。加拿大学历或经教育证书评估的外国学历仍可提高快速通道排名。" } }, "work_experience": { "min_years": 1, "occupation_list_required": true, "note_md": { "en": "At least 1 year (1,560 hours) of paid skilled work in Canada in TEER 0, 1, 2, or 3 occupations is required within the 3 years before applying. The work must have been performed while authorized under temporary resident status and must match the NOC lead statement and most main duties. Self-employment and work while a full-time student generally do not count, subject to limited physician public-policy exceptions.", "zh-Hans": "申请前三年内需要至少 1 年（1,560 小时）在加拿大 TEER 0、1、2 或 3 职业中的带薪技术工作。工作必须在获授权的临时居民身份下完成，并符合 NOC 主要描述与多数主要职责。自雇和全日制学生期间的工作通常不计，但有限的医生公共政策例外除外。" } }, "language": [ { "language": "en-or-fr", "test": "IRCC-approved English or French test", "minimum_level": "CLB/NCLC 7 for TEER 0–1; CLB/NCLC 5 for TEER 2–3", "minimum_benchmark": 5, "note_md": { "en": "Minimum language level depends on the NOC TEER of the skilled work: CLB 7 or NCLC 7 in all four abilities for TEER 0 and 1, and CLB 5 or NCLC 5 for TEER 2 and 3. Results must be less than two years old when the Express Entry profile and permanent-residence application are submitted.", "zh-Hans": "最低语言要求取决于技术工作的 NOC TEER：TEER 0 和 1 要求四项能力均达到 CLB 7 或 NCLC 7；TEER 2 和 3 要求 CLB 5 或 NCLC 5。提交快速通道资料和永久居留申请时，成绩必须少于两年。" } } ], "health_check_required": true, "police_certificate_required": true, "points_based": true, "invitation_competition_level": "high", "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": false }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Principal applicant, including right of permanent residence fee", "zh-Hans": "主申请人，包括永久居留权费用" }, "amount": 1590, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Principal applicant, without right of permanent residence fee", "zh-Hans": "主申请人，无永久居留权费用" }, "amount": 990, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Spouse or partner, including right of permanent residence fee", "zh-Hans": "配偶或伴侣，包括永久居留权费用" }, "amount": 1590, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "family" }, { "label": { "en": "Dependent child", "zh-Hans": "受抚养子女" }, "amount": 270, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "per_dependent" } ] }, "income": { "required": false, "accepted_sources": [ "employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The program requires qualifying paid Canadian skilled work experience rather than a separate recurring-income threshold or settlement-funds table.", "zh-Hans": "该计划要求合资格的带薪加拿大技术工作经验，而不是单独的经常性收入门槛或定居资金表。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "Processing time is dynamic and depends on the application and current IRCC inventory. Use the official processing-times tool for the current estimate after an invitation to apply.", "zh-Hans": "处理时间是动态的，取决于申请和当前 IRCC 库存。获邀申请后请使用官方处理时间工具查看当前估计。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "renewable": false }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": true, "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": "unknown", "healthcare_access_md": { "en": "Permanent residents may qualify for public health coverage, but enrollment and waiting rules are provincial or territorial.", "zh-Hans": "永久居民可能有资格享受公共卫生保险，但注册和等待规则由省或地区规定。" } }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": true, "children_allowed": true, "spouse_work_allowed": true, "dependent_parents_allowed": "not_applicable", "note_md": { "en": "A spouse or common-law partner and dependent children must be declared and may accompany the principal applicant, subject to admissibility and document rules.", "zh-Hans": "配偶或同居伴侣和受抚养子女必须申报并可以陪同主申请人，但须符合入境与文件规则。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": true, "summary_md": { "en": "A successful Canadian Experience Class application grants Canadian permanent residence directly through Express Entry.", "zh-Hans": "成功的加拿大经验类申请通过快速通道直接授予加拿大永久居留权。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "min_residence_years": 3, "summary_md": { "en": "Permanent residence can lead to citizenship after the separate citizenship physical-presence, language, and other requirements are met.", "zh-Hans": "满足单独的公民身份实际居住、语言和其他要求后，永久居留可通向公民身份。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 5, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "The program is established and documented by IRCC. Invitation patterns, TEER classification, language cut-offs, fees, and processing times can change and need scheduled checks.", "zh-Hans": "该计划由 IRCC 制定并记录。邀请模式、TEER 分类、语言门槛、费用和处理时间可能变化，需要定期检查。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 5, "family_friendliness_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 4 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "direct_pr", "settlement_track": "direct_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "points_invitation", "accepts_remote_income": "not_applicable", "accepts_self_employment": false, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": "not_applicable", "requires_degree": false, "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": true, "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": true, "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": true, "leads_to_pr": true, "leads_to_citizenship": "indirect", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T13:30:46.000Z" }, "source_ids": [ "canada-ircc-cec", "canada-ircc-language-tests", "canada-ircc-fees", "canada-ircc-rounds", "canada-ircc-citizenship", "canada-ircc-pr-rights", "canada-ircc-family-inclusion", "canada-ircc-police-certificates", "canada-ircc-medical-exams", "canada-ircc-processing-times" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-cec", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/canadian-experience-class.html", "quote_md": "The Canadian Experience Class is for skilled workers who have Canadian work experience and want to become permanent residents.", "section": "Canadian Experience Class", "snapshot_id": "27b223e27b7dc56fcac01de9fcf17d0a2674fbefa06143a7c9816fc7ad70f629", "quote_hash": "57ce579ec3c520606a96c9fd64c8dd0ec6552df62f6240a36e541e8be12e54b0", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/status_note_md": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-cec", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/canadian-experience-class.html", "section": "Canadian Experience Class", "snapshot_id": "27b223e27b7dc56fcac01de9fcf17d0a2674fbefa06143a7c9816fc7ad70f629", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-cec", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/canadian-experience-class.html", "section": "Canadian skilled work experience and where you can live", "snapshot_id": "27b223e27b7dc56fcac01de9fcf17d0a2674fbefa06143a7c9816fc7ad70f629", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-cec", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/canadian-experience-class.html", "section": "Canadian skilled work experience", "snapshot_id": "27b223e27b7dc56fcac01de9fcf17d0a2674fbefa06143a7c9816fc7ad70f629", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-cec", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/canadian-experience-class.html", "section": "Self-employment and student work experience; Where you can live in Canada", "snapshot_id": "27b223e27b7dc56fcac01de9fcf17d0a2674fbefa06143a7c9816fc7ad70f629", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-cec", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/canadian-experience-class.html", "section": "Canadian Experience Class", "snapshot_id": "27b223e27b7dc56fcac01de9fcf17d0a2674fbefa06143a7c9816fc7ad70f629", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-cec", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/canadian-experience-class.html", "section": "Canadian skilled work experience, language ability, education, admissibility", "snapshot_id": "27b223e27b7dc56fcac01de9fcf17d0a2674fbefa06143a7c9816fc7ad70f629", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" }, { "source_id": "canada-ircc-language-tests", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/documents/language-test.html", "section": "Canadian Experience Class language requirements", "snapshot_id": "49a30ed7eace3803a70063a068b8692175ef07f93fbed1cb34da46f968ac134f", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-fees", "url": "https://ircc.canada.ca/english/information/fees/fees.asp", "section": "Economic immigration (including Express Entry) fees", "snapshot_id": "0f6dce57d6b5c1180025783417a6eb73a12c6eeae89ade8accf88998034a4723", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-cec", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/canadian-experience-class.html", "section": "Paid work requirement", "snapshot_id": "27b223e27b7dc56fcac01de9fcf17d0a2674fbefa06143a7c9816fc7ad70f629", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-processing-times", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/application/check-processing-times.html", "section": "Dynamic processing times", "snapshot_id": "0e6f5b1e07ef4cc6f8016e7d407be1a9d2e83836565744e33078e641ad78e357", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-pr-rights", "url": "https://ircc.canada.ca/english/helpcentre/answer.asp?qnum=1113&top=6", "section": "Permanent resident right to live, work or study in Canada", "snapshot_id": "82ee40826dbf95931477d61a12dd10867729123a2b114eb7f888e79d1fba5c63", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-family-inclusion", "url": "https://ircc.canada.ca/english/helpcentre/answer.asp?qnum=256&top=28", "section": "Who to include on a permanent residence application", "snapshot_id": "039579798e31c030da1c90fa4967f61c05ad3f71a002c16062b27fd4e523a037", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-cec", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/canadian-experience-class.html", "quote_md": "The Canadian Experience Class is for skilled workers who have Canadian work experience and want to become permanent residents.", "section": "Canadian Experience Class permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "27b223e27b7dc56fcac01de9fcf17d0a2674fbefa06143a7c9816fc7ad70f629", "quote_hash": "57ce579ec3c520606a96c9fd64c8dd0ec6552df62f6240a36e541e8be12e54b0", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-citizenship", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/canadian-citizenship/adult-minor/who.html", "section": "Canadian citizenship: Who can apply", "snapshot_id": "71d38956f91d34e513c253c9ddc58488e6d29aeefaa100cd555377c87bcc4e5b", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-cec", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/canadian-experience-class.html", "section": "Conservative Canadian Experience Class filter fields", "snapshot_id": "27b223e27b7dc56fcac01de9fcf17d0a2674fbefa06143a7c9816fc7ad70f629", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T13:30:46.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 7, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00Z", "summary": "Added Canadian Experience Class coverage from official IRCC Express Entry sources.", "source_ids": [ "canada-ircc-cec", "canada-ircc-language-tests", "canada-ircc-fees", "canada-ircc-rounds", "canada-ircc-citizenship", "canada-ircc-pr-rights", "canada-ircc-family-inclusion", "canada-ircc-police-certificates", "canada-ircc-medical-exams", "canada-ircc-processing-times" ] } ] }, { "id": "canada-express-entry-fsw", "country_id": "canada", "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Federal Skilled Worker Program", "zh-Hans": "联邦技术工人计划" }, "aliases": [ "FSWP", "Federal Skilled Worker", "Express Entry FSW" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "The program accepts profiles through Express Entry. Meeting the program minimums permits entry to the pool but does not guarantee an invitation to apply.", "zh-Hans": "该计划通过“快速通道”接受个人资料。满足计划最低要求即可进入人才库，但不能保证获得申请邀请。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A federal permanent-residence pathway for skilled workers with foreign work experience. Candidates must satisfy the Federal Skilled Worker minimum requirements and score at least 67 out of 100 selection-factor points before competing for an invitation through Express Entry.", "zh-Hans": "为具有外国工作经验的技术工人提供联邦永久居留途径。候选人必须满足联邦技术工人的最低要求，并在通过“快速通道”竞争邀请之前获得至少 67 分（满分 100 分）。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Skilled workers with qualifying experience, an approved language test, recognized education, and a competitive Express Entry profile who intend to settle outside Quebec.", "zh-Hans": "具有合格经验、经过批准的语言测试、受认可的教育以及具有竞争力的快速通道资料且打算在魁北克以外定居的技术工人。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "People who cannot meet the language, skilled-work, education, admissibility, or settlement-fund rules. Passing the 67-point Federal Skilled Worker threshold does not itself guarantee an invitation because Express Entry invitations are competitive.", "zh-Hans": "不符合语言、技术工作、教育、入境或定居基金规则的人。通过 67 分的联邦技术工人门槛本身并不能保证获得邀请，因为“快速通道”邀请具有竞争力。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "points_invitation", "eligibility": { "age": { "points_sensitive": true, "note_md": { "en": "There is no stated hard maximum age, but selection-factor points decline after age 35 and reach zero at age 47.", "zh-Hans": "没有规定硬性的最高年龄，但选择因素点在 35 岁之后下降，并在 47 岁时达到零。" } }, "education": { "required_level": "secondary", "credential_assessment_required": "not_applicable", "credential_assessment_condition": "foreign_education", "note_md": { "en": "A Canadian secondary or post-secondary credential qualifies. Foreign education requires an immigration-purpose Educational Credential Assessment showing equivalence to a completed Canadian credential.", "zh-Hans": "加拿大中学或高等教育证书符合资格。外国教育需要进行移民目的的教育证书评估，证明其与已完成的加拿大证书相当。" } }, "work_experience": { "min_years": 1, "occupation_list_required": true, "note_md": { "en": "At least 1,560 hours of qualifying paid skilled work are required. The work must align with an eligible National Occupational Classification occupation and satisfy the program's continuity and timing rules. Self-employed and qualifying student work may count under the stated conditions.", "zh-Hans": "需要至少 1,560 小时的合格带薪技术工作。该工作必须符合合格的国家职业分类职业，并满足该计划的连续性和时间安排规则。自营职业和合格的学生工作可以在规定的条件下计算在内。" } }, "language": [ { "language": "en-or-fr", "test": "IRCC-approved English or French test", "minimum_level": "CLB 7 or NCLC 7 in all four abilities", "minimum_benchmark": 7, "note_md": { "en": "Approved results must be less than two years old when the Express Entry profile and permanent-residence application are submitted.", "zh-Hans": "提交快速通道资料和永久居留申请时，批准的结果必须少于两年。" } } ], "health_check_required": true, "police_certificate_required": true, "points_based": true, "points_threshold": 67, "invitation_competition_level": "high", "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": false }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [ { "amount": 15263, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "family", "calculation": "minimum_total", "family_size": 1 }, { "amount": 19001, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "family", "calculation": "minimum_total", "family_size": 2 }, { "amount": 23360, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "family", "calculation": "minimum_total", "family_size": 3 }, { "amount": 28362, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "family", "calculation": "minimum_total", "family_size": 4 }, { "amount": 32168, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "family", "calculation": "minimum_total", "family_size": 5 }, { "amount": 36280, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "family", "calculation": "minimum_total", "family_size": 6 }, { "amount": 40392, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "family", "calculation": "minimum_total", "family_size": 7 }, { "amount": 4112, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "per_dependent", "calculation": "increment_per_additional_member", "family_size_above": 7 } ], "proof_of_funds_exemptions": [ { "all_of": [ "authorized_to_work_in_country", "valid_job_offer" ], "note_md": { "en": "Proof of funds is not required when both conditions are met.", "zh-Hans": "当满足这两个条件时，不需要资金证明。" } } ], "exemption_note_md": { "en": "Proof of funds is not required when the applicant is authorized to work in Canada and has a valid Canadian job offer. Family size includes the applicant, spouse or common-law partner, and dependent children, including family members who are not accompanying the applicant.", "zh-Hans": "当申请人被授权在加拿大工作并拥有有效的加拿大工作机会时，不需要提供资金证明。家庭规模包括申请人、配偶或同居伴侣以及受抚养子女，包括不随申请人同行的家庭成员。" }, "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Principal applicant, including right of permanent residence fee", "zh-Hans": "主申请人，包括永久居留权费用" }, "amount": 1590, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Principal applicant, without right of permanent residence fee", "zh-Hans": "主申请人，无永久居留权费用" }, "amount": 990, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Spouse or partner, including right of permanent residence fee", "zh-Hans": "配偶或伴侣，包括永久居留权费用" }, "amount": 1590, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "family" }, { "label": { "en": "Dependent child", "zh-Hans": "受抚养子女" }, "amount": 270, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "per_dependent" } ] }, "income": { "required": false, "accepted_sources": [], "income_location": "not_applicable", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The program uses settlement funds rather than a recurring-income threshold.", "zh-Hans": "该计划使用定居资金而不是经常性收入门槛。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "Processing time is dynamic and depends on the application and current IRCC inventory. Use the cited official processing-times tool for the current estimate.", "zh-Hans": "处理时间是动态的，取决于应用程序和当前 IRCC 库存。使用引用的官方处理时间工具进行当前估计。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "renewable": false }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": true, "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": "unknown", "healthcare_access_md": { "en": "Permanent residents may qualify for public health coverage, but enrollment and waiting rules are provincial or territorial.", "zh-Hans": "永久居民可能有资格享受公共卫生保险，但注册和等待规则是按省或地区规定的。" }, "tax_residency_note_md": { "en": "Tax residence depends on facts and Canadian tax rules; permanent-resident status alone is not a complete tax-residency determination.", "zh-Hans": "税务居住地取决于事实和加拿大税务规则；仅凭永久居民身份并不能完全确定税务居民身份。" } }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": true, "children_allowed": true, "max_child_age": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": true, "dependent_parents_allowed": "not_applicable", "note_md": { "en": "A spouse or common-law partner and dependent children must be declared and may accompany the principal applicant. Each family member must satisfy the applicable admissibility and document requirements.", "zh-Hans": "配偶或同居伴侣和受抚养子女必须申报并可以陪同主申请人。每个家庭成员都必须满足适用的准入和文件要求。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": true, "summary_md": { "en": "A successful application grants Canadian permanent residence directly.", "zh-Hans": "成功申请可直接授予加拿大永久居留权。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "min_residence_years": 3, "physical_presence_requirement_md": { "en": "Adult citizenship applicants generally need at least 1,095 days of physical presence during the five-year eligibility period, including at least 730 days as a permanent resident.", "zh-Hans": "成年公民申请人通常需要在五年资格期内实际居住至少 1,095 天，其中作为永久居民至少居住 730 天。" }, "language_requirement_md": { "en": "Applicants aged 18 to 54 generally need to demonstrate adequate English or French and take the citizenship test, subject to the official exemptions and waiver rules.", "zh-Hans": "18 至 54 岁的申请人通常需要表现出足够的英语或法语能力，并参加公民考试，但须遵守官方豁免和豁免规则。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "Permanent residence can lead to citizenship after the separate citizenship requirements are met.", "zh-Hans": "满足单独的公民身份要求后，永久居留即可获得公民身份。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 5, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "The program is established and documented by IRCC. Settlement-fund amounts, fees, invitation patterns, processing times, and category priorities can change and need scheduled checks.", "zh-Hans": "该计划由 IRCC 制定并记录。和解资金金额、费用、邀请模式、处理时间和类别优先级可能会发生变化，并且需要定期检查。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 4, "cost_score": 3, "permanence_score": 5, "family_friendliness_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 4 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "direct_pr", "settlement_track": "direct_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "points_invitation", "min_liquid_funds_usd": "variable", "accepts_remote_income": "not_applicable", "accepts_self_employment": true, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": "not_applicable", "requires_degree": false, "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": true, "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": true, "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": true, "leads_to_pr": true, "leads_to_citizenship": "indirect", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" }, "source_ids": [ "canada-ircc-fsw", "canada-ircc-proof-funds", "canada-ircc-language-tests", "canada-ircc-eca", "canada-ircc-fees", "canada-ircc-rounds", "canada-ircc-citizenship", "canada-ircc-pr-rights", "canada-ircc-family-inclusion", "canada-ircc-police-certificates", "canada-ircc-medical-exams", "canada-ircc-processing-times" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-fsw", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/federal-skilled-workers.html", "quote_md": "The Federal Skilled Worker Program is for skilled workers who have foreign work experience and want to become permanent residents.", "section": "Federal Skilled Worker Program", "snapshot_id": "59f44ebd637ebbd1404136fdc73e6ea3c220074787b3b893fbedd932cff43860", "quote_hash": "8678a16ca7a18bd693f1440319193862dc9faac778100a27e7104b3cca958383", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-fsw", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/federal-skilled-workers.html", "section": "Federal Skilled Worker Program", "snapshot_id": "59f44ebd637ebbd1404136fdc73e6ea3c220074787b3b893fbedd932cff43860", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-fsw", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/federal-skilled-workers.html", "section": "Minimum requirements and selection factors", "snapshot_id": "59f44ebd637ebbd1404136fdc73e6ea3c220074787b3b893fbedd932cff43860", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-fsw", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/federal-skilled-workers.html", "quote_md": "We choose skilled workers based on education, work experience, language skills, and other criteria.", "section": "Minimum requirements", "snapshot_id": "59f44ebd637ebbd1404136fdc73e6ea3c220074787b3b893fbedd932cff43860", "quote_hash": "4a18e50ad54eda05c723ef8a00925a2307df7e75baf751a464aec17a01896d58", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-rounds", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/rounds-invitations.html", "quote_md": "We identify the highest-ranking candidates from the pool who are eligible for the chosen round type.", "section": "How the rounds work", "snapshot_id": "4359b182e2403d8f5da9bfec850c7ecd4d1fbb7190675f17d9d438808e1b2bf1", "quote_hash": 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"section": "Who should I include", "snapshot_id": "039579798e31c030da1c90fa4967f61c05ad3f71a002c16062b27fd4e523a037", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" }, { "source_id": "canada-ircc-pr-rights", "url": "https://ircc.canada.ca/english/helpcentre/answer.asp?qnum=1113&top=6", "section": "Permanent resident rights", "snapshot_id": "82ee40826dbf95931477d61a12dd10867729123a2b114eb7f888e79d1fba5c63", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-fsw", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/federal-skilled-workers.html", "section": "Federal Skilled Worker Program", "snapshot_id": "59f44ebd637ebbd1404136fdc73e6ea3c220074787b3b893fbedd932cff43860", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-citizenship", "url": 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"canada-ircc-rounds", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/rounds-invitations.html", "section": "How the rounds work", "snapshot_id": "4359b182e2403d8f5da9bfec850c7ecd4d1fbb7190675f17d9d438808e1b2bf1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z", "update_frequency_days": 3, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z", "summary": "Added the first complete official-source Federal Skilled Worker Program fixture.", "source_ids": [ "canada-ircc-fsw", "canada-ircc-proof-funds", "canada-ircc-language-tests", "canada-ircc-eca", "canada-ircc-fees", "canada-ircc-rounds", "canada-ircc-citizenship" ] } ] }, { "id": "canada-post-graduation-work-permit", "country_id": "canada", "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Post-graduation work permit", "zh-Hans": "毕业后工作许可" }, "aliases": [ "PGWP", "Post-Graduation Work Permit", "Canada PGWP" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "The PGWP is an active open work permit for eligible graduates of designated learning institutions. Eligibility changed as of 1 November 2024 for most applicants, including language proof and, for some programs, field-of-study rules.", "zh-Hans": "毕业工签是面向指定学习机构合资格毕业生的现行开放式工作许可。自 2024 年 11 月 1 日起，多数申请人资格规则发生变化，包括语言证明，以及对部分课程的专业领域要求。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A temporary open work permit that lets eligible international graduates work in Canada after completing a qualifying program at a PGWP-eligible designated learning institution. Canadian work experience gained on a PGWP is commonly used later for permanent residence routes such as the Canadian Experience Class, but the PGWP itself is not permanent residence.", "zh-Hans": "允许合资格国际毕业生在完成毕业工签合资格指定学习机构课程后在加拿大工作的临时开放式工作许可。持毕业工签获得的加拿大工作经验常用于之后的加拿大经验类等永居途径，但毕业工签本身不是永久居留。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Graduates who completed a PGWP-eligible program of at least 8 months (or 900 hours in Quebec), maintained full-time study status each semester except the final semester, apply within 180 days of program completion, and meet language and any field-of-study rules that apply to their program level and application timing.", "zh-Hans": "适合完成至少 8 个月（魁北克为 900 小时）毕业工签合资格课程、除最后学期外每学期保持全日制学生身份、在完成课程后 180 天内申请，并满足适用于其学历层次和申请时点的语言及专业领域规则的毕业生。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "People who already received a PGWP, completed ineligible programs (such as ESL/FSL or many private curriculum-licensing arrangements), cannot meet language or field-of-study rules where required, or seek a digital-nomad or multi-entry remote-work visa unrelated to Canadian study.", "zh-Hans": "不适合已经获得过毕业工签、完成不合资格课程（如 ESL/FSL 或许多公私合作课程授权安排）、在需要时无法满足语言或专业领域规则，或寻求与加拿大学习无关的数字游民/远程工作签证的申请人。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "other", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": false, "note_md": { "en": "The completed program must be at a PGWP-eligible designated learning institution and at least 8 months long (or 900 hours for Quebec programs). Bachelor's, master's and doctoral graduates face different language and field-of-study rules than many college or non-degree programs.", "zh-Hans": "完成的课程必须在毕业工签合资格指定学习机构，且至少 8 个月（魁北克课程为 900 小时）。学士、硕士和博士毕业生的语言与专业领域规则，与许多学院或非学位课程不同。" } }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [ { "language": "en-or-fr", "test": "IRCC-accepted English or French test for PGWP", "minimum_level": "CLB/NCLC 7 for university degree streams; CLB/NCLC 5 for many college streams", "minimum_benchmark": 5, "note_md": { "en": "As of 1 November 2024, most PGWP applicants must prove language ability. Bachelor's, master's, doctoral and other university program graduates generally need CLB/NCLC 7 in all four abilities; many college, polytechnic or non-university graduates need CLB/NCLC 5. Flight school graduates and applications submitted before 1 November 2024 are exempt from the new language rules.", "zh-Hans": "自 2024 年 11 月 1 日起，多数毕业工签申请人须证明语言能力。学士、硕士、博士及其他大学课程毕业生通常需要四项能力达到 CLB/NCLC 7；许多学院、理工学院或非大学毕业生需要 CLB/NCLC 5。飞行学校毕业生及 2024 年 11 月 1 日前递交的申请可豁免新语言规则。" } } ], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": false }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Work permit and open work permit holder fee (combined)", "zh-Hans": "工作许可费与开放式工作许可持有人费（合计）" }, "amount": 255, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable" }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "Applicants generally have up to 180 days after confirmation of program completion to apply. Validity length depends on program level and duration and the passport expiry date: master's degrees of at least 8 months may receive up to 3 years; other programs under 2 years may match program length; programs of 2 years or more may receive up to 3 years.", "zh-Hans": "申请人通常在确认完成课程后最多 180 天内申请。有效期取决于课程层次与时长以及护照有效期：至少 8 个月的硕士课程最长可获 3 年；其他不足 2 年的课程可能与课程时长相当；2 年或以上课程最长可获 3 年。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": false, "max_stay_months": 36 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "not_applicable" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "The PGWP is temporary. Qualifying Canadian skilled work experience gained while on a PGWP may support later permanent residence applications such as the Canadian Experience Class through Express Entry, subject to those programs' separate rules.", "zh-Hans": "毕业工签是临时的。在持毕业工签期间获得的合资格加拿大技术工作经验，可能支持之后通过快速通道申请加拿大经验类等永居，但仍须满足那些计划的单独规则。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The PGWP sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "毕业工签来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 5, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "PGWP language and field-of-study rules changed in late 2024 and eligible CIP codes have been updated since. Applicants must re-check DLI eligibility, program level rules, and current field lists before relying on this pathway.", "zh-Hans": "毕业工签语言与专业领域规则在 2024 年末发生变化，合资格 CIP 代码此后也有更新。依赖该途径前必须重新核对指定学习机构资格、课程层次规则和当前专业列表。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 2, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "temporary_only", "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": "unknown", "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": true, "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "leads_to_pr": "indirect", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T13:30:46.000Z" }, "source_ids": [ "canada-ircc-pgwp-about", "canada-ircc-pgwp-eligibility", "canada-ircc-pgwp-apply" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-pgwp-about", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/work/after-graduation/about.html", "quote_md": "The post-graduation work permit (PGWP) allows students who have graduated from eligible designated learning institutions (DLIs) to gain valuable Canadian work experience.", "section": "About the post-graduation work permit", "snapshot_id": "2b7c91587d463b731cfaaba1c46b7f4364578b40f8d37c1468f7a15666461bf3", "quote_hash": "08d08ab466b980d297e93f54032596e4ced4175a43fee9deae9ba24a7965d446", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/status_note_md": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-pgwp-about", "url": 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eligibility and study program requirements", "snapshot_id": "e64625cc1a67942708fc85d9110b189a45746afcad85741a375c5c21435f864e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-pgwp-apply", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/work/after-graduation/apply.html", "section": "Fees and how to apply", "snapshot_id": "3a3d50a38d349a338c59a1d28e8bbf93fd05e003e682e96f4adb692139e7df2e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-pgwp-about", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/work/after-graduation/about.html", "section": "Work experience after graduation", "snapshot_id": "2b7c91587d463b731cfaaba1c46b7f4364578b40f8d37c1468f7a15666461bf3", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-pgwp-about", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/work/after-graduation/about.html", "section": "How long is a post-graduation work permit valid?", "snapshot_id": "2b7c91587d463b731cfaaba1c46b7f4364578b40f8d37c1468f7a15666461bf3", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" }, { "source_id": "canada-ircc-pgwp-apply", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/work/after-graduation/apply.html", "section": "Up to 180 days after you graduate", "snapshot_id": "3a3d50a38d349a338c59a1d28e8bbf93fd05e003e682e96f4adb692139e7df2e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-pgwp-about", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/work/after-graduation/about.html", "section": "About the post-graduation work permit", "snapshot_id": "2b7c91587d463b731cfaaba1c46b7f4364578b40f8d37c1468f7a15666461bf3", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-pgwp-apply", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/work/after-graduation/apply.html", "section": "Application includes family members only as documented on apply pages", "snapshot_id": "3a3d50a38d349a338c59a1d28e8bbf93fd05e003e682e96f4adb692139e7df2e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-pgwp-about", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/work/after-graduation/about.html", "section": "Canadian work experience after graduation", "snapshot_id": "2b7c91587d463b731cfaaba1c46b7f4364578b40f8d37c1468f7a15666461bf3", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-pgwp-about", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/work/after-graduation/about.html", "section": "Temporary work authorization", "snapshot_id": "2b7c91587d463b731cfaaba1c46b7f4364578b40f8d37c1468f7a15666461bf3", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-pgwp-eligibility", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/work/after-graduation/eligibility.html", "section": "Conservative PGWP filter fields", "snapshot_id": "e64625cc1a67942708fc85d9110b189a45746afcad85741a375c5c21435f864e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T13:30:46.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00Z", "summary": "Added Canada Post-graduation work permit coverage from official IRCC sources.", "source_ids": [ "canada-ircc-pgwp-about", "canada-ircc-pgwp-eligibility", "canada-ircc-pgwp-apply" ] } ] }, { "id": "canada-study-permit", "country_id": "canada", "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Study permit", "zh-Hans": "学习许可" }, "aliases": [ "Canada study permit", "Canadian study visa", "Study permit Canada" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "Most foreign nationals need a study permit to study at a designated learning institution in Canada. Applicants should apply before travelling to Canada. Rules such as provincial attestation letters and financial support amounts can change.", "zh-Hans": "大多数外国人在加拿大指定学习机构学习需要学习许可。申请人应在前往加拿大前申请。省/地区证明信和资金要求等规则可能变化。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "Canada's principal temporary study authorization for international students enrolled at designated learning institutions. It can form part of a longer study-to-work-to-PR path when the program and later PGWP or Express Entry rules are met, but the study permit itself is not permanent residence.", "zh-Hans": "加拿大面向在指定学习机构就读的国际学生的主要临时学习许可。在课程及后续毕业工签或快速通道规则满足时，可成为学习-工作-永居路径的一部分，但学习许可本身不是永久居留。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Students accepted by a designated learning institution who can show a letter of acceptance, required provincial or territorial attestation in most cases, identity documents, first-year financial support, and intent to leave Canada when the permit expires.", "zh-Hans": "适合被指定学习机构录取，并能提供录取通知书、多数情况下所需的省/地区证明信、身份文件、首年经济能力证明，以及在许可到期时离开加拿大意向的学生。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants seeking unrestricted work, a digital-nomad route, or direct permanent residence. Canada does not offer a dedicated digital-nomad visa in this record. Work rights while studying are conditional and separate from the study permit decision itself.", "zh-Hans": "不适合寻求不受限制工作、数字游民途径或直接永久居留的申请人。本记录不将加拿大描述为提供专门数字游民签证。在学期间工作权利有条件限制，且与学习许可决定本身分开。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "other", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "Applicants must be enrolled at a designated learning institution. Post-secondary letters of acceptance are validated with the school. Program-level academic requirements are set by the institution rather than a single federal education floor in the retained IRCC pages. Core IRCC eligibility includes DLI enrolment, enough money for tuition, living expenses and return transport, lawfulness and possible police certificate, good health and possible medical exam, and proof the applicant will leave when the study permit expires. Most applicants also need a provincial or territorial attestation letter (or a CAQ for Quebec).", "zh-Hans": "申请人必须就读于指定学习机构。高等教育录取通知书需经学校验证。课程层面的学术要求由院校设定，保留的 IRCC 页面没有单一的联邦最低学历门槛。 IRCC 核心资格包括指定学习机构录取、足够支付学费/生活费/往返交通的资金、守法及可能的无犯罪证明、健康及可能的体检，以及证明学习许可到期后会离开。大多数申请人还需要省/地区证明信（魁北克为 CAQ）。" } }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": false }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [ { "amount": 22895, "currency": "CAD", "period": "annual", "applies_to": "family", "calculation": "minimum_total", "family_size": 1, "note_md": { "en": "Living-expense amount for applications on or after 1 September 2025 outside Quebec, excluding tuition and transportation. Larger family sizes have higher published annual amounts.", "zh-Hans": "2025 年 9 月 1 日及之后在魁北克以外申请的生活费金额，不含学费和交通。家庭成员越多，公布的年度金额越高。" } }, { "amount": 28502, "currency": "CAD", "period": "annual", "applies_to": "family", "calculation": "minimum_total", "family_size": 2 }, { "amount": 35040, "currency": "CAD", "period": "annual", "applies_to": "family", "calculation": "minimum_total", "family_size": 3 }, { "amount": 42543, "currency": "CAD", "period": "annual", "applies_to": "family", "calculation": "minimum_total", "family_size": 4 }, { "amount": 48252, "currency": "CAD", "period": "annual", "applies_to": "family", "calculation": "minimum_total", "family_size": 5 }, { "amount": 54420, "currency": "CAD", "period": "annual", "applies_to": "family", "calculation": "minimum_total", "family_size": 6 }, { "amount": 60589, "currency": "CAD", "period": "annual", "applies_to": "family", "calculation": "minimum_total", "family_size": 7 }, { "amount": 6170, "currency": "CAD", "period": "annual", "applies_to": "per_dependent", "calculation": "increment_per_additional_member", "family_size_above": 7 } ], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Study permit processing fee", "zh-Hans": "学习许可处理费" }, "amount": 150, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "Applicants must show financial support for study without relying on working in Canada to meet the funds requirement.", "zh-Hans": "申请人必须证明有经济能力支持学习，不能依赖在加拿大工作来满足资金要求。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "IRCC states processing times vary by country. Use the official processing-times tool for the current estimate.", "zh-Hans": "IRCC 说明处理时间因国家而异。请使用官方处理时间工具查看当前估计。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": "unknown", "local_employment_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": false, "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": false }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "not_applicable", "note_md": { "en": "Family members may be included in funding calculations and document packages. Separate companion permits or visas may be required and are not fully specified on the core study-permit pages retained here.", "zh-Hans": "家庭成员可纳入资金计算和文件包。随行许可或签证可能另需申请，本记录保留的核心学习许可页面未完整说明。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "A study permit is temporary. Eligible graduates may later apply for a post-graduation work permit and, with Canadian experience, for permanent residence routes such as the Canadian Experience Class. Those later steps have separate eligibility rules.", "zh-Hans": "学习许可是临时的。合资格毕业生之后可能申请毕业工签，并在取得加拿大经验后申请加拿大经验类等永居途径。后续步骤有单独资格规则。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The study permit sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "学习许可来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 5, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "Study-permit rules, provincial attestation quotas, and financial thresholds have changed frequently. Applicants should re-check IRCC pages and DLI/PGWP eligibility before applying.", "zh-Hans": "学习许可规则、省证明配额和资金门槛变化频繁。申请前应重新核对 IRCC 页面以及指定学习机构/毕业工签资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 4, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "min_liquid_funds_usd": "variable", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": false, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": "unknown", "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": false, "leads_to_pr": "indirect", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T13:30:46.000Z" }, "source_ids": [ "canada-ircc-study-permit", "canada-ircc-study-permit-eligibility", "canada-ircc-study-permit-documents", "canada-ircc-study-permit-financial-support" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-study-permit", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/study-permit.html", "quote_md": "The study permit is a document we issue that allows foreign nationals to study at designated learning institutions (DLIs) in Canada.", "section": "Study permit", "snapshot_id": "842c77532eb12ecc5fac18ab6f7e100909df0c41100c7581f03d518fbc75e305", "quote_hash": "e711261f7e04afd222211a627c91f05611283942cdd155ae30f30d55cde16a88", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/status_note_md": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-study-permit", "url": 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the right documents", "snapshot_id": "cfa5a6f8c20bc41d8083d2d01218a1cbd2cbacf8a2d159e8056e8f15548a21e7", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-study-permit", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/study-permit.html", "section": "Fees Study permit $CAN 150", "snapshot_id": "842c77532eb12ecc5fac18ab6f7e100909df0c41100c7581f03d518fbc75e305", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" }, { "source_id": "canada-ircc-study-permit-financial-support", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/study-permit/get-documents/financial-support.html", "section": "How much money you need for living expenses on or after September 1, 2025", "snapshot_id": "39d164d3fb266ade384d9b5d6894c1ea6de48f83aaf20711692b10f574ff1999", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-study-permit-financial-support", "url": 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"4f70915758794fa74f38021f999888d65c691150ca7036ce7612030b52e4957a", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-study-permit-financial-support", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/study-permit/get-documents/financial-support.html", "section": "Living expenses for applicant and family members", "snapshot_id": "39d164d3fb266ade384d9b5d6894c1ea6de48f83aaf20711692b10f574ff1999", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-study-permit-eligibility", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/study-permit/eligibility.html", "section": "Post-graduation work permit", "snapshot_id": "4f70915758794fa74f38021f999888d65c691150ca7036ce7612030b52e4957a", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-study-permit", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/study-permit.html", "section": "Temporary study authorization", "snapshot_id": "842c77532eb12ecc5fac18ab6f7e100909df0c41100c7581f03d518fbc75e305", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-study-permit-eligibility", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/study-permit/eligibility.html", "section": "Conservative study permit filter fields", "snapshot_id": "4f70915758794fa74f38021f999888d65c691150ca7036ce7612030b52e4957a", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T13:30:46.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00Z", "summary": "Added Canada Study permit coverage from official IRCC sources.", "source_ids": [ "canada-ircc-study-permit", "canada-ircc-study-permit-eligibility", "canada-ircc-study-permit-documents", "canada-ircc-study-permit-financial-support" ] } ] }, { "id": "croatia-digital-nomad", "country_id": "croatia", "category_ids": [ "digital_nomad" ], "official_names": { "en": "Temporary Stay of Digital Nomads", "zh-Hans": "数字游牧民的暂时停留" }, "aliases": [ "Croatia Digital Nomad Residence", "Croatia Digital Nomad Visa" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "This temporary stay route is for non-EU/EEA/Swiss nationals working remotely for a foreign employer, a foreign company, or their own company not registered in Croatia, without entering the Croatian labour market.", "zh-Hans": "此临时居留途径适用于为外国雇主、外国公司或未在克罗地亚注册的自己的公司远程工作且无需进入克罗地亚劳动力市场的非欧盟/欧洲经济区/瑞士国民。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A Croatian temporary stay route for third-country digital nomads with foreign remote work, up to 18 months, a €3,622.50 monthly means-of-subsistence threshold, and immediate family reunification eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "克罗地亚临时居留途径，适用于在国外远程工作的第三国数字游牧民，最长可达 18 个月，每月生活资料门槛为 3,622.50 欧元，并有直系亲属团聚资格。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Remote employees, foreign-company owners, and qualifying freelancers who can show foreign work, health insurance, accommodation, criminal-record evidence, and the required income or savings.", "zh-Hans": "可以出示国外工作、健康保险、住宿、犯罪记录证据以及所需收入或储蓄的远程员工、外国公司所有者和合格的自由职业者。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants planning to work for Croatian employers or provide services to Croatian employers, or applicants unable to prove the current financial threshold and foreign-work purpose.", "zh-Hans": "计划为克罗地亚雇主工作或为克罗地亚雇主提供服务的申请人，或无法证明当前财务门槛和国外工作目的的申请人。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "remote_income", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "none", "credential_assessment_required": "not_applicable" }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": true, "police_certificate_required": true, "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": false }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Temporary stay grant fee at police administration", "zh-Hans": "警察局临时居留补助费" }, "amount": 46.45, "currency": "EUR", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Administrative fee for biometric residence permit", "zh-Hans": "生物识别居留许可管理费" }, "amount": 9.29, "currency": "EUR", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Biometric residence card", "zh-Hans": "生物识别居留卡" }, "amount": 31.85, "currency": "EUR", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": true, "min_income": [ { "amount": 3622.5, "currency": "EUR", "period": "monthly", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total" } ], "accepted_sources": [ "remote_employment", "self_employment", "freelance", "savings" ], "income_location": "outside_destination", "proof_history_months": 6, "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The MUP page requires at least 2.5 average Croatian net salaries, currently €3,622.50 per month. It allows regular-income evidence or payslips for the previous six months; alternatives include €43,470 for a 12-month stay or €65,205 for an 18-month stay.", "zh-Hans": "MUP 页面要求至少 2.5 克罗地亚平均净工资，目前每月 3,622.50 欧元。它允许提供过去六个月的固定收入证据或工资单；其他选择包括 12 个月住宿 43,470 欧元或 18 个月住宿 65,205 欧元。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "Temporary stay may be granted for up to 18 months. If granted for less than 18 months, an extension of up to six months may be requested no later than 60 days before expiry. A new digital-nomad application may be submitted six months after expiry.", "zh-Hans": "临时居留期限最长可达 18 个月。如果授予期限少于 18 个月，则可以在到期前 60 天以内申请最多六个月的延期。新的数字游牧者申请可以在到期后六个月提交。" }, "initial_validity_months": "variable", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": 18 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": false, "remote_work_allowed": true, "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": true, "children_allowed": true, "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "Close family members, including qualifying common-law partners, may join after the digital nomad has been granted temporary stay.", "zh-Hans": "在数字游牧者获得临时居留权后，亲密的家庭成员，包括符合条件的同居伴侣，可以加入。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": false, "summary_md": { "en": "The MUP page describes temporary stay and a later application after six months, but does not establish a permanent-residence pathway from digital-nomad stay.", "zh-Hans": "MUP 页面描述了临时居留和六个月后的后续申请，但没有建立从数字游牧者居留到永久居留的途径。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained MUP page does not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "保留的 MUP 页面并不确定公民资格。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 5, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "A current Croatian Ministry of the Interior page directly establishes the foreign-work restriction, 18-month maximum, €3,622.50 threshold, six-month evidence, family rule, and fee schedule.", "zh-Hans": "当前克罗地亚内政部页面直接规定了外国工作限制、最长 18 个月、3,622.50 欧元门槛、六个月证据、家庭规则和费用表。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 2, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 1, "family_friendliness_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "settlement_track": "temporary_no_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "remote_income", "accepts_remote_income": true, "accepts_self_employment": true, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": true, "requires_degree": false, "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": false, "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": true, "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": true, "leads_to_pr": false, "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z" }, "source_ids": [ "croatia-mup-digital-nomad" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-digital-nomad", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/temporary-stay-of-digital-nomads/286833", "section": "Digital nomad definition, 18-month stay, income, family, documents, and costs", "snapshot_id": "fb2c1478c6cdaf65f2b544b19d977ceaecbaf0a1f79fa4a5e1b7b15cf78a5788", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-digital-nomad", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/temporary-stay-of-digital-nomads/286833", "section": "Digital nomad definition, 18-month stay, income, family, documents, and costs", "snapshot_id": "fb2c1478c6cdaf65f2b544b19d977ceaecbaf0a1f79fa4a5e1b7b15cf78a5788", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-digital-nomad", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/temporary-stay-of-digital-nomads/286833", "section": "Digital nomad definition, 18-month stay, income, family, documents, and costs", "snapshot_id": "fb2c1478c6cdaf65f2b544b19d977ceaecbaf0a1f79fa4a5e1b7b15cf78a5788", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-digital-nomad", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/temporary-stay-of-digital-nomads/286833", "section": "Digital nomad definition, 18-month stay, income, family, documents, and costs", "snapshot_id": "fb2c1478c6cdaf65f2b544b19d977ceaecbaf0a1f79fa4a5e1b7b15cf78a5788", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-digital-nomad", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/temporary-stay-of-digital-nomads/286833", "section": "Digital nomad definition, 18-month stay, income, family, documents, and costs", "snapshot_id": "fb2c1478c6cdaf65f2b544b19d977ceaecbaf0a1f79fa4a5e1b7b15cf78a5788", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-digital-nomad", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/temporary-stay-of-digital-nomads/286833", "section": "Digital nomad definition, 18-month stay, income, family, documents, and costs", "snapshot_id": "fb2c1478c6cdaf65f2b544b19d977ceaecbaf0a1f79fa4a5e1b7b15cf78a5788", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-digital-nomad", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/temporary-stay-of-digital-nomads/286833", "section": "Digital nomad definition, 18-month stay, income, family, documents, and costs", "snapshot_id": "fb2c1478c6cdaf65f2b544b19d977ceaecbaf0a1f79fa4a5e1b7b15cf78a5788", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-digital-nomad", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/temporary-stay-of-digital-nomads/286833", "section": "Digital nomad definition, 18-month stay, income, family, documents, and costs", "snapshot_id": "fb2c1478c6cdaf65f2b544b19d977ceaecbaf0a1f79fa4a5e1b7b15cf78a5788", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-digital-nomad", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/temporary-stay-of-digital-nomads/286833", "section": "Digital nomad definition, 18-month stay, income, family, documents, and costs", "snapshot_id": "fb2c1478c6cdaf65f2b544b19d977ceaecbaf0a1f79fa4a5e1b7b15cf78a5788", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-digital-nomad", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/temporary-stay-of-digital-nomads/286833", "section": "Digital nomad definition, 18-month stay, income, family, documents, and costs", "snapshot_id": "fb2c1478c6cdaf65f2b544b19d977ceaecbaf0a1f79fa4a5e1b7b15cf78a5788", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-digital-nomad", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/temporary-stay-of-digital-nomads/286833", "section": "Digital nomad definition, 18-month stay, income, family, documents, and costs", "snapshot_id": "fb2c1478c6cdaf65f2b544b19d977ceaecbaf0a1f79fa4a5e1b7b15cf78a5788", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-digital-nomad", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/temporary-stay-of-digital-nomads/286833", "section": "Digital nomad definition, 18-month stay, income, family, documents, and costs", "snapshot_id": "fb2c1478c6cdaf65f2b544b19d977ceaecbaf0a1f79fa4a5e1b7b15cf78a5788", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-digital-nomad", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/temporary-stay-of-digital-nomads/286833", "section": "Digital nomad definition, 18-month stay, income, family, documents, and costs", "snapshot_id": "fb2c1478c6cdaf65f2b544b19d977ceaecbaf0a1f79fa4a5e1b7b15cf78a5788", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-digital-nomad", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/temporary-stay-of-digital-nomads/286833", "section": "Digital nomad definition, 18-month stay, income, family, documents, and costs", "snapshot_id": "fb2c1478c6cdaf65f2b544b19d977ceaecbaf0a1f79fa4a5e1b7b15cf78a5788", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T08:06:46.019Z", "summary": "Added Croatia digital nomad temporary-stay fixture from retained Ministry of the Interior evidence.", "source_ids": [ "croatia-mup-digital-nomad" ] } ] }, { "id": "croatia-eu-blue-card", "country_id": "croatia", "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Stay and work permit for highly qualified workers (EU Blue Card)", "zh-Hans": "高技能劳动者居留和工作许可（欧盟蓝卡）" }, "aliases": [ "Croatia EU Blue Card", "Croatia highly qualified stay and work permit" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "Croatian MUP describes a stay and work permit (EU Blue Card) for highly qualified third-country nationals as a single permit for temporary stay and work. General third-country work often also uses stay and work permits with labour-market tests; this record covers the highly qualified Blue Card path.", "zh-Hans": "克罗地亚内政部将高技能第三国国民的居留和工作许可（欧盟蓝卡）描述为临时居留与工作合一许可。一般第三国工作也常用带劳动力市场测试的居留和工作许可；本记录覆盖高技能蓝卡路径。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "An employer-linked Croatian stay and work permit for highly qualified jobs with at least a one-year employment contract with a Croatian-registered employer, higher-education qualifications, and regulated-profession conditions where applicable. Apply at a Croatian mission or local police administration. MUP lists administrative fees for the permit and biometric residence card.", "zh-Hans": "面向高技能岗位的克罗地亚居留和工作许可，须与在克罗地亚注册的雇主签订至少一年雇佣合同、具备高等教育资格，并在适用时满足受规管职业条件。可在克罗地亚使领馆或地方警察部门申请。内政部列明许可与生物识别居留卡行政费用。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Highly qualified workers with a Croatian employment contract of at least one year for highly qualified work and recognised higher-education proof.", "zh-Hans": "适合持有至少一年高技能工作雇佣合同及认可高等教育证明的高技能劳动者。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants without a qualifying Croatian employment relationship, remote-only digital nomads (use the digital-nomad temporary stay route), or people seeking open work rights with any employer.", "zh-Hans": "不适合没有合格克罗地亚雇佣关系、仅远程的数字游民（应使用数字游民临时停留途径），或寻求可任意雇主开放工作权的人。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "bachelor", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "MUP requires proof of higher education (diploma, certificate or other formal qualifications from a recognised higher education institution) and, for regulated professions, proof of meeting professional qualification conditions.", "zh-Hans": "内政部要求高等教育证明（获认可高等教育机构的文凭、证书或其他正式资格），受规管职业还须满足专业资格条件。" } }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": true, "sponsor_required": true }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Stay and work permit administrative fee", "zh-Hans": "居留和工作许可行政费" }, "amount": 74.32, "currency": "EUR", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Biometric residence card (regular procedure)", "zh-Hans": "生物识别居留卡（普通程序）" }, "amount": 31.85, "currency": "EUR", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": true, "accepted_sources": [ "employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "Built around a highly qualified employment contract of at least one year with a Croatian-registered employer entity.", "zh-Hans": "基于与克罗地亚注册雇主实体签订的至少一年高技能雇佣合同。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "Apply at a diplomatic mission/consular post or police administration/station of intended stay. Exact decision times are not fixed on the retained MUP page.", "zh-Hans": "向使领馆或拟居留地警察部门申请。保留的内政部页面未固定确切决定时限。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "initial_validity_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "Long-term residence after uninterrupted legal stay is described on related MUP long-term residence pages; EU Blue Card holders may later qualify under EU/national long-term rules. Confirm current counting rules separately.", "zh-Hans": "相关内政部长期居留页面描述连续合法居留后的长期居留；欧盟蓝卡持有人之后可能符合欧盟/国家长期规则。请另行核对当前计算规则。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "MUP Blue Card page does not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "内政部蓝卡页面没有确认公民资格。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 4, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "Official MUP pages are clear on core documents and fees, but salary thresholds and labour-market detail for non-Blue-Card stay-and-work permits need separate checks.", "zh-Hans": "内政部官方页面对核心材料与费用清楚，但薪资门槛及非蓝卡居留和工作许可的劳动力市场细节需另行核对。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 3, "family_friendliness_score": 2, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": false, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": true, "requires_job_offer": true, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": false, "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "leads_to_pr": "indirect", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" }, "source_ids": [ "croatia-mup-eu-blue-card", "croatia-mup-work-third-country" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/stay-and-work-of-highly-qualified-third-country-nationals/281692", "section": "Stay and work of highly-qualified third-country nationals", "snapshot_id": "dd50ec303fba6dd8b7b485737c0e8c73c4303dbdfb80c435660915b1aeda3082", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/stay-and-work-of-highly-qualified-third-country-nationals/281692", "section": "Stay and work of highly-qualified third-country nationals", "snapshot_id": "dd50ec303fba6dd8b7b485737c0e8c73c4303dbdfb80c435660915b1aeda3082", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/stay-and-work-of-highly-qualified-third-country-nationals/281692", "section": "Stay and work of highly-qualified third-country nationals", "snapshot_id": "dd50ec303fba6dd8b7b485737c0e8c73c4303dbdfb80c435660915b1aeda3082", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/stay-and-work-of-highly-qualified-third-country-nationals/281692", "section": "Stay and work of highly-qualified third-country nationals", "snapshot_id": "dd50ec303fba6dd8b7b485737c0e8c73c4303dbdfb80c435660915b1aeda3082", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-work-third-country", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/work-of-third-country-nationals/281663", "section": "Stay and work permit for third-country nationals", "snapshot_id": "88bca5d788de8f33d0a18c0fd9ca4f40cf52ac979b1835e69f3fcec2e620242a", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/stay-and-work-of-highly-qualified-third-country-nationals/281692", "section": "One-year highly qualified employment contract and higher education proof", "snapshot_id": "dd50ec303fba6dd8b7b485737c0e8c73c4303dbdfb80c435660915b1aeda3082", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/stay-and-work-of-highly-qualified-third-country-nationals/281692", "section": "Administrative fee 74,32 EUR and biometric card fees", "snapshot_id": "dd50ec303fba6dd8b7b485737c0e8c73c4303dbdfb80c435660915b1aeda3082", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/stay-and-work-of-highly-qualified-third-country-nationals/281692", "section": "Stay and work of highly-qualified third-country nationals", "snapshot_id": "dd50ec303fba6dd8b7b485737c0e8c73c4303dbdfb80c435660915b1aeda3082", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/stay-and-work-of-highly-qualified-third-country-nationals/281692", "section": "Stay and work of highly-qualified third-country nationals", "snapshot_id": "dd50ec303fba6dd8b7b485737c0e8c73c4303dbdfb80c435660915b1aeda3082", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/stay-and-work-of-highly-qualified-third-country-nationals/281692", "section": "Stay and work of highly-qualified third-country nationals", "snapshot_id": "dd50ec303fba6dd8b7b485737c0e8c73c4303dbdfb80c435660915b1aeda3082", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/stay-and-work-of-highly-qualified-third-country-nationals/281692", "section": "Stay and work of highly-qualified third-country nationals", "snapshot_id": "dd50ec303fba6dd8b7b485737c0e8c73c4303dbdfb80c435660915b1aeda3082", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/stay-and-work-of-highly-qualified-third-country-nationals/281692", "section": "Stay and work of highly-qualified third-country nationals", "snapshot_id": "dd50ec303fba6dd8b7b485737c0e8c73c4303dbdfb80c435660915b1aeda3082", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/stay-and-work-of-highly-qualified-third-country-nationals/281692", "section": "Stay and work of highly-qualified third-country nationals", "snapshot_id": "dd50ec303fba6dd8b7b485737c0e8c73c4303dbdfb80c435660915b1aeda3082", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/stay-and-work-of-highly-qualified-third-country-nationals/281692", "section": "Stay and work of highly-qualified third-country nationals", "snapshot_id": "dd50ec303fba6dd8b7b485737c0e8c73c4303dbdfb80c435660915b1aeda3082", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 30, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z", "summary": "Added Croatia EU Blue Card stay-and-work path from official MUP pages.", "source_ids": [ "croatia-mup-eu-blue-card", "croatia-mup-work-third-country" ] } ] }, { "id": "estonia-digital-nomad-visa", "country_id": "estonia", "category_ids": [ "digital_nomad" ], "official_names": { "en": "Digital Nomad Visa", "zh-Hans": "数字游牧签证" }, "aliases": [ "Estonia Digital Nomad Visa", "Estonia DNV" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "The Digital Nomad Visa is a temporary stay visa, separate from e-Residency, and does not create a permanent-residence or citizenship route.", "zh-Hans": "数字游牧签证是一种临时居留签证，与电子居留分开，不会创建永久居留或公民身份途径。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A temporary Estonian visa for location-independent workers working for a foreign employer, a foreign company, or mostly foreign clients, with a maximum D-visa stay of up to one year.", "zh-Hans": "爱沙尼亚临时签证，适用于为外国雇主、外国公司或大多数外国客户工作的不受地点限制的工人，D 签证最长停留期限为一年。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Remote employees, foreign-company owners, and freelancers with mostly foreign clients who can prove location-independent work and the required income history.", "zh-Hans": "远程员工、外国公司所有者和主要是外国客户的自由职业者，他们可以证明与地点无关的工作和所需的收入历史。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants seeking Estonian residence, permanent residence, citizenship, local employment, or an e-Residency substitute.", "zh-Hans": "寻求爱沙尼亚居留权、永久居留权、公民身份、当地就业或电子居留权替代的申请人。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "remote_income", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "none", "credential_assessment_required": "not_applicable", "note_md": { "en": "Applicants must work location-independently and fit a foreign-employer, foreign-company, or mostly-foreign-client freelancer category. Standard visa rules also apply.", "zh-Hans": "申请人必须独立工作地点，并且符合外国雇主、外国公司或主要是外国客户的自由职业者类别。标准签证规则也适用。" } }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": false }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Long-stay D visa state fee", "zh-Hans": "长期居留 D 签证政府费用" }, "amount": 120, "currency": "EUR", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Short-stay C visa state fee", "zh-Hans": "短期停留C签证政府费用" }, "amount": 90, "currency": "EUR", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": true, "min_income": [ { "amount": 4500, "currency": "EUR", "period": "monthly", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total" } ], "accepted_sources": [ "remote_employment", "self_employment", "freelance" ], "income_location": "outside_destination", "proof_history_months": 6, "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The FAQ states that applicants must evidence income during the six months before application and meet the monthly gross threshold.", "zh-Hans": "常见问题解答指出，申请人必须证明申请前六个月内的收入并达到每月总额门槛。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "The e-Residency programme page says DNV processing can take up to 30 days. The FAQ distinguishes a C visa of up to 90 days from a D visa of up to 365 days.", "zh-Hans": "e-Residency 计划页面显示，DNV 处理最多可能需要 30 天。常见问题解答将最长 90 天的 C 签证与最长 365 天的 D 签证区分开来。" }, "initial_validity_months": "variable", "renewable": false, "max_stay_months": "variable" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": false, "remote_work_allowed": true, "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "unknown", "tax_residency_note_md": { "en": "The DNV is a temporary stay visa and is not a residence permit.", "zh-Hans": "DNV 是临时居留签证，不是居留许可。" } }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "The retained DNV pages do not establish dependant eligibility or dependant work rights.", "zh-Hans": "保留的 DNV 页面不建立附属资格或附属工作权利。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": false, "summary_md": { "en": "The FAQ states that DNV stays do not provide an advantage for obtaining an Estonian residence permit and do not give permanent residence.", "zh-Hans": "常见问题解答指出，DNV 居留并不能为获得爱沙尼亚居留许可提供优势，也不能提供永久居留权。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": false, "summary_md": { "en": "The FAQ states that DNV stays do not give a right to Estonian citizenship.", "zh-Hans": "常见问题解答指出，DNV 停留并不赋予爱沙尼亚公民身份的权利。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 5, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "Official e-Residency programme pages directly support the foreign-work categories, income threshold, six-month evidence period, C/D visa durations, fees, and lack of residence/PR/citizenship outcome.", "zh-Hans": "官方电子居留计划页面直接支持外国工作类别、收入门槛、六个月证据期限、C/D 签证期限、费用以及缺乏居留/永久居民/公民身份结果。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 2, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 1, "family_friendliness_score": 2, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "temporary_only", "settlement_track": "temporary_no_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "remote_income", "accepts_remote_income": true, "accepts_self_employment": true, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": true, "requires_degree": false, "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": false, "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": true, "leads_to_pr": false, "leads_to_citizenship": false, "processing_time_months_min": 1, "processing_time_months_max": 1, "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:30.168Z" }, "source_ids": [ "estonia-digital-nomad-visa", "estonia-digital-nomad-visa-faq" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "estonia-digital-nomad-visa", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/nomadvisa", "section": "Digital Nomad Visa versus e-Residency", "snapshot_id": "a08543a85e3178ce66aae5ae1a3c9404295fff41ae2e68b17deaab71d1a81983", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:27.837Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "estonia-digital-nomad-visa", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/nomadvisa", "section": "Digital Nomad Visa versus e-Residency", "snapshot_id": "a08543a85e3178ce66aae5ae1a3c9404295fff41ae2e68b17deaab71d1a81983", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:27.837Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "estonia-digital-nomad-visa", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/nomadvisa", "section": "Digital Nomad Visa versus e-Residency", "snapshot_id": "a08543a85e3178ce66aae5ae1a3c9404295fff41ae2e68b17deaab71d1a81983", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:27.837Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "estonia-digital-nomad-visa", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/nomadvisa", "section": "Digital Nomad Visa versus e-Residency", "snapshot_id": "a08543a85e3178ce66aae5ae1a3c9404295fff41ae2e68b17deaab71d1a81983", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:27.837Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "estonia-digital-nomad-visa", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/nomadvisa", "section": "Digital Nomad Visa versus e-Residency", "snapshot_id": "a08543a85e3178ce66aae5ae1a3c9404295fff41ae2e68b17deaab71d1a81983", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:27.837Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "estonia-digital-nomad-visa", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/nomadvisa", "section": "Digital Nomad Visa versus e-Residency", "snapshot_id": "a08543a85e3178ce66aae5ae1a3c9404295fff41ae2e68b17deaab71d1a81983", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:27.837Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "estonia-digital-nomad-visa", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/nomadvisa", "section": "Digital Nomad Visa versus e-Residency", "snapshot_id": "a08543a85e3178ce66aae5ae1a3c9404295fff41ae2e68b17deaab71d1a81983", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:27.837Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "estonia-digital-nomad-visa-faq", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/blog/posts/faqs-about-estonias-digital-nomad-visa", "section": "DNV distinction, eligibility, income threshold, visa duration, and no residence/PR outcome", "snapshot_id": "9a46fbdd93a5606179e764e1ec88f6c55f46a1a6d6dca1e205e7ac4accf0526c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:30.168Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "estonia-digital-nomad-visa-faq", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/blog/posts/faqs-about-estonias-digital-nomad-visa", "section": "DNV distinction, eligibility, income threshold, visa duration, and no residence/PR outcome", "snapshot_id": "9a46fbdd93a5606179e764e1ec88f6c55f46a1a6d6dca1e205e7ac4accf0526c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:30.168Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "estonia-digital-nomad-visa-faq", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/blog/posts/faqs-about-estonias-digital-nomad-visa", "section": "DNV distinction, eligibility, income threshold, visa duration, and no residence/PR outcome", "snapshot_id": "9a46fbdd93a5606179e764e1ec88f6c55f46a1a6d6dca1e205e7ac4accf0526c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:30.168Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "estonia-digital-nomad-visa-faq", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/blog/posts/faqs-about-estonias-digital-nomad-visa", "section": "DNV distinction, eligibility, income threshold, visa duration, and no residence/PR outcome", "snapshot_id": "9a46fbdd93a5606179e764e1ec88f6c55f46a1a6d6dca1e205e7ac4accf0526c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:30.168Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "estonia-digital-nomad-visa-faq", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/blog/posts/faqs-about-estonias-digital-nomad-visa", "section": "DNV distinction, eligibility, income threshold, visa duration, and no residence/PR outcome", "snapshot_id": "9a46fbdd93a5606179e764e1ec88f6c55f46a1a6d6dca1e205e7ac4accf0526c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:30.168Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "estonia-digital-nomad-visa-faq", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/blog/posts/faqs-about-estonias-digital-nomad-visa", "section": "DNV distinction, eligibility, income threshold, visa duration, and no residence/PR outcome", "snapshot_id": "9a46fbdd93a5606179e764e1ec88f6c55f46a1a6d6dca1e205e7ac4accf0526c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:30.168Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "estonia-digital-nomad-visa-faq", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/blog/posts/faqs-about-estonias-digital-nomad-visa", "section": "DNV distinction, eligibility, income threshold, visa duration, and no residence/PR outcome", "snapshot_id": "9a46fbdd93a5606179e764e1ec88f6c55f46a1a6d6dca1e205e7ac4accf0526c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:30.168Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:30.168Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:30.168Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:30.168Z", "update_frequency_days": 30, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:30.168Z", "summary": "Added Estonia Digital Nomad Visa as a temporary remote-work stay route, separate from e-Residency.", "source_ids": [ "estonia-digital-nomad-visa", "estonia-digital-nomad-visa-faq" ] } ] }, { "id": "estonia-e-residency", "country_id": "estonia", "category_ids": [ "startup_entrepreneur" ], "official_names": { "en": "e-Residency", "zh-Hans": "电子居住" }, "aliases": [ "Estonia e-Residency", "Estonian e-Resident Digital ID" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "e-Residency is a digital identity and business-access status, not a residence permit, visa, citizenship status, or travel right.", "zh-Hans": "电子居留权是一种数字身份和商业访问身份，而不是居留许可、签证、公民身份或旅行权。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A Republic of Estonia digital identity that lets global entrepreneurs authenticate online, sign documents, and establish or manage an Estonian company remotely; it does not grant residence or travel rights.", "zh-Hans": "爱沙尼亚共和国数字身份，让全球企业家可以在线验证、签署文件以及远程建立或管理爱沙尼亚公司；它不授予居住或旅行权利。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Location-independent founders and operators who need secure digital access to Estonian e-services and want to establish or run a company online without relocating to Estonia.", "zh-Hans": "不受地点限制的创始人和运营商，需要对爱沙尼亚电子服务进行安全的数字访问，并希望在不搬到爱沙尼亚的情况下在线建立或运营公司。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Anyone seeking a visa, physical residence, work authorization, citizenship, or travel rights in Estonia or the European Union.", "zh-Hans": "任何在爱沙尼亚或欧盟寻求签证、实际居住、工作授权、公民身份或旅行权利的人。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "e_residency", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "The application page describes online application, document preparation, identity verification, and card pickup, but does not publish an education requirement.", "zh-Hans": "申请页面描述了在线申请、文件准备、身份验证和取卡，但没有公布学历要求。" } }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": false }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "e-Residency application fee", "zh-Hans": "电子居留申请费" }, "amount": 150, "currency": "EUR", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": false, "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable", "proof_history_months": "unknown", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "e-Residency is not an immigration residence route and has no published personal-income requirement in the retained application page.", "zh-Hans": "e-Residency不是移民居留途径，并且在保留的申请页面中没有公布个人收入要求。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "The application flow shows an identity check, approximately 30 days for approval, card delivery in two to five weeks, and automatic card activation within 24 hours after pickup.", "zh-Hans": "申请流程包括身份检查、大约 30 天的批准时间、两到五周内的卡交付以及取卡后 24 小时内的自动卡激活。" }, "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": "unknown", "max_stay_months": 0 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": false, "local_employment_allowed": false, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": false, "business_allowed": true, "tax_residency_note_md": { "en": "e-Residency does not change physical or tax residency.", "zh-Hans": "电子居民身份不会改变实际或税务居民身份。" } }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "Because e-Residency does not grant residence or travel rights, the retained sources do not establish family immigration benefits.", "zh-Hans": "由于电子居留权不授予居住或旅行权利，因此保留的来源不建立家庭移民福利。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": false, "summary_md": { "en": "The retained e-Residency FAQ explicitly states that e-Residency provides no residence right.", "zh-Hans": "保留的电子居留常见问题解答明确指出电子居留不提供居留权。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": false, "summary_md": { "en": "The retained e-Residency FAQ explicitly states that e-Residency provides no citizenship right.", "zh-Hans": "保留的电子居住常见问题解答明确指出电子居住不提供公民权利。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 5, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "The official e-Residency application page and FAQ directly establish the digital-ID workflow, online company access, fees, processing steps, and lack of residence/citizenship/travel rights.", "zh-Hans": "官方电子居留申请页面和常见问题解答直接建立了数字身份证工作流程、在线公司访问、费用、处理步骤以及缺乏居留/公民身份/旅行权利。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 2, "cost_score": 2, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 1, "family_friendliness_score": 1, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "unknown", "settlement_track": "e_status_only", "pathway_mechanism": "e_residency", "accepts_remote_income": "unknown", "accepts_self_employment": "unknown", "accepts_overseas_remote_income": "unknown", "requires_degree": false, "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": false, "requires_local_entity": "unknown", "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": false, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "leads_to_pr": false, "leads_to_citizenship": false, "processing_time_months_min": 1, "processing_time_months_max": 2, "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:33.620Z" }, "source_ids": [ "estonia-e-residency-apply", "estonia-digital-nomad-visa-faq" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "estonia-digital-nomad-visa-faq", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/blog/posts/faqs-about-estonias-digital-nomad-visa", "section": "DNV distinction, eligibility, income threshold, visa duration, and no residence/PR outcome", "snapshot_id": "9a46fbdd93a5606179e764e1ec88f6c55f46a1a6d6dca1e205e7ac4accf0526c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:30.168Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "estonia-e-residency-apply", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/become-an-e-resident", "section": "Application, fee, identity check, card delivery, and activation", "snapshot_id": "e045ff2b681b839cd8e286930331c3801941444d1d84e2e46f5b1f4855d3db81", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:33.620Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "estonia-e-residency-apply", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/become-an-e-resident", "section": "Application, fee, identity check, card delivery, and activation", "snapshot_id": "e045ff2b681b839cd8e286930331c3801941444d1d84e2e46f5b1f4855d3db81", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:33.620Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "estonia-digital-nomad-visa-faq", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/blog/posts/faqs-about-estonias-digital-nomad-visa", "section": "DNV distinction, eligibility, income threshold, visa duration, and no residence/PR outcome", "snapshot_id": "9a46fbdd93a5606179e764e1ec88f6c55f46a1a6d6dca1e205e7ac4accf0526c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:30.168Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "estonia-e-residency-apply", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/become-an-e-resident", "section": "Application, fee, identity check, card delivery, and activation", "snapshot_id": "e045ff2b681b839cd8e286930331c3801941444d1d84e2e46f5b1f4855d3db81", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:33.620Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "estonia-e-residency-apply", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/become-an-e-resident", "section": "Application, fee, identity check, card delivery, and activation", "snapshot_id": "e045ff2b681b839cd8e286930331c3801941444d1d84e2e46f5b1f4855d3db81", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:33.620Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "estonia-e-residency-apply", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/become-an-e-resident", "section": "Application, fee, identity check, card delivery, and activation", "snapshot_id": "e045ff2b681b839cd8e286930331c3801941444d1d84e2e46f5b1f4855d3db81", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:33.620Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "estonia-e-residency-apply", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/become-an-e-resident", "section": "Application, fee, identity check, card delivery, and activation", "snapshot_id": "e045ff2b681b839cd8e286930331c3801941444d1d84e2e46f5b1f4855d3db81", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:33.620Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "estonia-e-residency-apply", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/become-an-e-resident", "section": "Application, fee, identity check, card delivery, and activation", "snapshot_id": "e045ff2b681b839cd8e286930331c3801941444d1d84e2e46f5b1f4855d3db81", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:33.620Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "estonia-digital-nomad-visa-faq", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/blog/posts/faqs-about-estonias-digital-nomad-visa", "section": "DNV distinction, eligibility, income threshold, visa duration, and no residence/PR outcome", "snapshot_id": "9a46fbdd93a5606179e764e1ec88f6c55f46a1a6d6dca1e205e7ac4accf0526c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:30.168Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "estonia-digital-nomad-visa-faq", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/blog/posts/faqs-about-estonias-digital-nomad-visa", "section": "DNV distinction, eligibility, income threshold, visa duration, and no residence/PR outcome", "snapshot_id": "9a46fbdd93a5606179e764e1ec88f6c55f46a1a6d6dca1e205e7ac4accf0526c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:30.168Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "estonia-digital-nomad-visa-faq", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/blog/posts/faqs-about-estonias-digital-nomad-visa", "section": "DNV distinction, eligibility, income threshold, visa duration, and no residence/PR outcome", "snapshot_id": "9a46fbdd93a5606179e764e1ec88f6c55f46a1a6d6dca1e205e7ac4accf0526c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:30.168Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "estonia-digital-nomad-visa-faq", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/blog/posts/faqs-about-estonias-digital-nomad-visa", "section": "DNV distinction, eligibility, income threshold, visa duration, and no residence/PR outcome", "snapshot_id": "9a46fbdd93a5606179e764e1ec88f6c55f46a1a6d6dca1e205e7ac4accf0526c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:30.168Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "estonia-digital-nomad-visa-faq", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/blog/posts/faqs-about-estonias-digital-nomad-visa", "section": "DNV distinction, eligibility, income threshold, visa duration, and no residence/PR outcome", "snapshot_id": "9a46fbdd93a5606179e764e1ec88f6c55f46a1a6d6dca1e205e7ac4accf0526c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:30.168Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:33.620Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:33.620Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:33.620Z", "update_frequency_days": 30, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:33.620Z", "summary": "Added Estonia e-Residency as a status-only digital identity fixture, explicitly not residence.", "source_ids": [ "estonia-e-residency-apply", "estonia-digital-nomad-visa-faq" ] } ] }, { "id": "germany-eu-blue-card", "country_id": "germany", "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "EU Blue Card", "zh-Hans": "欧盟蓝卡（EU Blue Card）" }, "aliases": [ "Germany EU Blue Card", "Blaue Karte EU" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "The official Make it in Germany page presents the EU Blue Card as an active residence route for qualified professionals with a job offer and the applicable salary requirement.", "zh-Hans": "德国官方 Make it in Germany 页面将欧盟蓝卡列为面向拥有工作机会并满足适用薪资要求的合格专业人士的有效居留途径。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A German residence route for qualified professionals with an employment contract or binding job offer, recognized or comparable higher education, and the applicable gross annual salary threshold. The official page also describes special rules for some IT professionals without a formal qualification.", "zh-Hans": "面向合格专业人士的德国居留途径，要求劳动合同或有约束力的工作机会、获认可或同等的高等教育学历，以及适用的年度税前年薪门槛。官方页面还说明了部分没有正式学历的 IT 专业人士可适用特殊规则。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Qualified professionals with a German job offer, relevant higher education or an eligible IT profile, and salary meeting the current threshold for the occupation.", "zh-Hans": "适合拥有德国工作机会、相关高等教育学历或符合条件的 IT 背景，并达到当前职业薪资门槛的专业人士。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants without a qualifying job offer or without a route-specific qualification and salary profile. The exact threshold depends on the current rules and occupation category.", "zh-Hans": "不适合没有合格工作机会，或不具备该途径要求的资格和薪资条件的申请人。具体门槛取决于当前规定和职业类别。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "bachelor", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown", "credential_assessment_condition": "foreign_education" }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": true, "sponsor_required": true }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": true, "min_income": [ { "amount": 50700, "currency": "EUR", "period": "annual", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total" } ], "accepted_sources": [ "employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination" }, "timeline": { "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": true, "spouse_work_allowed": true, "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "min_residence_years": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The official portal describes a settlement-permit route for EU Blue Card holders, but the qualifying residence period depends on the applicable conditions.", "zh-Hans": "官方门户描述了欧盟蓝卡持有者申请定居许可的途径，但合格居留期限取决于适用条件。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The EU Blue Card page does not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "欧盟蓝卡页面没有确认公民资格。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 4, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "This bootstrap record is intentionally conservative. Official evidence supports the core route, while detailed fees, family conditions, and long-term outcomes require continued review.", "zh-Hans": "此初始记录有意保持保守。官方证据支持核心途径，但详细费用、家庭条件和长期结果仍需持续审查。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 4, "family_friendliness_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 4 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "residence", "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "min_annual_income_usd": "unknown", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": false, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": true, "requires_job_offer": true, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": "unknown", "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": true, "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "leads_to_pr": "indirect", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:25.813Z" }, "source_ids": [ "germany-eu-blue-card" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "germany-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/types/eu-blue-card", "section": "What is the EU Blue Card?", "snapshot_id": "887aded668b4bdfb80179d04d157589182c6e5a08a5baf48bda086f0941f6548", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:25.813Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "germany-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/types/eu-blue-card", "section": "What is the EU Blue Card and overview of requirements", "snapshot_id": "887aded668b4bdfb80179d04d157589182c6e5a08a5baf48bda086f0941f6548", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:25.813Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "germany-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/types/eu-blue-card", "section": "Overview of the requirements for the EU Blue Card", "snapshot_id": "887aded668b4bdfb80179d04d157589182c6e5a08a5baf48bda086f0941f6548", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:25.813Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "germany-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/types/eu-blue-card", "section": "Overview of the requirements for the EU Blue Card", "snapshot_id": "887aded668b4bdfb80179d04d157589182c6e5a08a5baf48bda086f0941f6548", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:25.813Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "germany-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/types/eu-blue-card", "section": "Employment contract and job offer requirement", "snapshot_id": "887aded668b4bdfb80179d04d157589182c6e5a08a5baf48bda086f0941f6548", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:25.813Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "germany-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/types/eu-blue-card", "section": "Overview of the requirements for the EU Blue Card", "snapshot_id": "887aded668b4bdfb80179d04d157589182c6e5a08a5baf48bda086f0941f6548", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:25.813Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "germany-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/types/eu-blue-card", "section": "Application and residence requirements", "snapshot_id": "887aded668b4bdfb80179d04d157589182c6e5a08a5baf48bda086f0941f6548", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:25.813Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "germany-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/types/eu-blue-card", "section": "Current gross annual salary requirement", "snapshot_id": "887aded668b4bdfb80179d04d157589182c6e5a08a5baf48bda086f0941f6548", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:25.813Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "germany-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/types/eu-blue-card", "section": "EU Blue Card validity and application process", "snapshot_id": "887aded668b4bdfb80179d04d157589182c6e5a08a5baf48bda086f0941f6548", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:25.813Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "germany-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/types/eu-blue-card", "section": "How to live and work with the EU Blue Card", "snapshot_id": "887aded668b4bdfb80179d04d157589182c6e5a08a5baf48bda086f0941f6548", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:25.813Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "germany-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/types/eu-blue-card", "section": "Family reunification with the EU Blue Card", "snapshot_id": "887aded668b4bdfb80179d04d157589182c6e5a08a5baf48bda086f0941f6548", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:25.813Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "germany-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/types/eu-blue-card", "section": "Settlement permit for EU Blue Card holders", "snapshot_id": "887aded668b4bdfb80179d04d157589182c6e5a08a5baf48bda086f0941f6548", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:25.813Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "germany-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/types/eu-blue-card", "section": "Long-term residence and naturalisation information", "snapshot_id": "887aded668b4bdfb80179d04d157589182c6e5a08a5baf48bda086f0941f6548", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:25.813Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "germany-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/types/eu-blue-card", "section": "Conservative comparison and filter fields", "snapshot_id": "887aded668b4bdfb80179d04d157589182c6e5a08a5baf48bda086f0941f6548", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:25.813Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T11:42:03Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T11:42:03Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:25.813Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T11:42:03Z", "summary": "Added EU Blue Card bootstrap fixture from retained official evidence.", "source_ids": [ "germany-eu-blue-card" ] } ] }, { "id": "germany-opportunity-card", "country_id": "germany", "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Opportunity Card (Chancenkarte)", "zh-Hans": "机会卡（Chancenkarte）" }, "aliases": [ "Germany Opportunity Card", "Chancenkarte", "Job search opportunity card" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "The Federal Foreign Office presents the Opportunity Card as an active residence route that lets third-country skilled workers enter Germany to seek employment. Online application is available through the official Consular Services portal.", "zh-Hans": "德国外交部将机会卡列为现行居留途径，允许第三国技术工人进入德国求职。可通过官方领事服务门户在线申请。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A German job-search residence route for non-EU skilled workers. It is designed to help candidates look for qualified employment in Germany, typically for up to one year, with limited part-time work while searching. Finding a qualifying job can lead to a longer work residence title such as the EU Blue Card.", "zh-Hans": "面向非欧盟技术工人的德国求职居留途径。旨在帮助申请人在德国寻找合格工作，通常最长一年，求职期间可从事有限兼职。找到合资格工作后可转为欧盟蓝卡等更长期工作居留。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Skilled workers from outside the EU who want time in Germany to find a job, either with a recognised qualification or through the points-based Opportunity Card selection rules, and who can support themselves during the search.", "zh-Hans": "适合希望在德国求职的非欧盟技术工人，无论是通过获认可资格还是机会卡积分规则，并能够在求职期间自给。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "People who already have a qualifying job offer (other work routes may fit better), applicants seeking unrestricted remote-only work for foreign employers only, or a dedicated digital-nomad visa. Germany does not have a dedicated digital-nomad visa in this record.", "zh-Hans": "不适合已有合资格工作机会（其他工作途径可能更合适）、仅寻求为境外雇主远程工作，或寻求专门数字游民签证的申请人。本记录不将德国描述为提供专门数字游民签证。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "points_invitation", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "vocational", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "The Opportunity Card is aimed at skilled workers. Applicants may qualify with a recognised foreign vocational or higher-education qualification, or via a points system that scores education, experience, language, age and related factors. Exact scoring and recognition rules should be checked on the official self-check and portal.", "zh-Hans": "机会卡面向技术工人。申请人可凭获认可的境外职业或高等教育资格，或通过评估学历、经验、语言、年龄等因素的积分制获得资格。具体计分与认证规则应在官方自检工具和门户核对。" } }, "work_experience": { "note_md": { "en": "Work experience can improve points under the selection system when that route is used. Official materials emphasise skilled-worker profiles rather than unskilled labour.", "zh-Hans": "在适用积分途径时，工作经验可提高分数。官方材料强调技术工人画像，而非非技术劳动。" } }, "language": [ { "language": "de-or-en", "test": "German or English language evidence under Opportunity Card rules", "minimum_level": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "Language ability is part of the Opportunity Card points assessment. Exact minimum levels depend on the current official scoring table.", "zh-Hans": "语言能力属于机会卡积分评估的一部分。具体最低等级取决于当前官方计分表。" } } ], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": true, "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": false }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "Applicants must be able to support themselves during the job search. Official guidance commonly refers to blocked-account or other subsistence proof rather than a job salary threshold for entry.", "zh-Hans": "申请人必须能在求职期间自给。官方指引通常要求冻结账户或其他生活费证明，而非入职时的薪资门槛。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "Processing depends on the mission or authority handling the application. The card is typically issued for up to one year for job search; after finding qualified work, a different residence title is needed.", "zh-Hans": "处理时间取决于办理申请的使领馆或主管机关。该卡通常为最长一年的求职居留；找到合格工作后需换取其他居留许可。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "initial_validity_months": 12, "renewable": "unknown", "max_stay_months": 12 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": "limited", "local_employment_allowed": "limited", "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "limited" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "The Opportunity Card itself is a temporary job-search title. A later skilled-work residence permit such as the EU Blue Card may lead toward permanent residence under its own rules.", "zh-Hans": "机会卡本身是临时求职身份。之后如欧盟蓝卡等技术工作居留许可，可在其自身规则下通向永久居留。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The Opportunity Card sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "机会卡来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "extraction_confidence_score": 3, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "The route is officially active, but Make it in Germany pages are often bot-protected and detailed points thresholds change. Human review of the current portal and mission instructions is required before applying.", "zh-Hans": "该途径官方有效，但 Make it in Germany 页面常受机器人防护，详细积分门槛会变化。申请前需人工核对当前门户和使领馆说明。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 2, "source_confidence_score": 4, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "temporary_only", "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "points_invitation", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": "unknown", "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": "unknown", "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": "limited", "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "leads_to_pr": "indirect", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" }, "source_ids": [ "germany-opportunity-card" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "germany-opportunity-card", "url": "https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte", "section": "Opportunity Card online application portal", "snapshot_id": "4a270df62c14a3fb11c9e900227a028c94c84346ac7b5979d9ffca43fad2e633", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/status_note_md": [ { "source_id": "germany-opportunity-card", "url": "https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte", "section": "Residence permit to seek employment", "snapshot_id": "4a270df62c14a3fb11c9e900227a028c94c84346ac7b5979d9ffca43fad2e633", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "germany-opportunity-card", "url": "https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte", "section": "Opportunity Card for third-country workers", "snapshot_id": "4a270df62c14a3fb11c9e900227a028c94c84346ac7b5979d9ffca43fad2e633", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "germany-opportunity-card", "url": "https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte", "section": "Seek employment in Germany", "snapshot_id": "4a270df62c14a3fb11c9e900227a028c94c84346ac7b5979d9ffca43fad2e633", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "germany-opportunity-card", "url": "https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte", "section": "Job-search route limitations", "snapshot_id": "4a270df62c14a3fb11c9e900227a028c94c84346ac7b5979d9ffca43fad2e633", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "germany-opportunity-card", "url": "https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte", "section": "Skilled-worker selection without existing job", "snapshot_id": "4a270df62c14a3fb11c9e900227a028c94c84346ac7b5979d9ffca43fad2e633", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "germany-opportunity-card", "url": "https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte", "section": "Third-country skilled workers seeking employment", "snapshot_id": "4a270df62c14a3fb11c9e900227a028c94c84346ac7b5979d9ffca43fad2e633", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "germany-opportunity-card", "url": "https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte", "section": "Self-support during job search", "snapshot_id": "4a270df62c14a3fb11c9e900227a028c94c84346ac7b5979d9ffca43fad2e633", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "germany-opportunity-card", "url": "https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte", "section": "No job offer required to enter for search", "snapshot_id": "4a270df62c14a3fb11c9e900227a028c94c84346ac7b5979d9ffca43fad2e633", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "germany-opportunity-card", "url": "https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte", "section": "Job-search residence period", "snapshot_id": "4a270df62c14a3fb11c9e900227a028c94c84346ac7b5979d9ffca43fad2e633", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "germany-opportunity-card", "url": "https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte", "section": "Seek employment activities", "snapshot_id": "4a270df62c14a3fb11c9e900227a028c94c84346ac7b5979d9ffca43fad2e633", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "germany-opportunity-card", "url": "https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte", "section": "Family rules not fully established on portal landing", "snapshot_id": "4a270df62c14a3fb11c9e900227a028c94c84346ac7b5979d9ffca43fad2e633", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "germany-opportunity-card", "url": "https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte", "section": "Temporary search title leading to later work permit", "snapshot_id": "4a270df62c14a3fb11c9e900227a028c94c84346ac7b5979d9ffca43fad2e633", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "germany-opportunity-card", "url": "https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte", "section": "Citizenship not established", "snapshot_id": "4a270df62c14a3fb11c9e900227a028c94c84346ac7b5979d9ffca43fad2e633", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "germany-opportunity-card", "url": "https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte", "section": "Conservative Opportunity Card filter fields", "snapshot_id": "4a270df62c14a3fb11c9e900227a028c94c84346ac7b5979d9ffca43fad2e633", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25Z", "summary": "Added Germany Opportunity Card coverage from Federal Foreign Office portal evidence.", "source_ids": [ "germany-opportunity-card" ] } ] }, { "id": "germany-student-residence", "country_id": "germany", "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Residence title for full-time study", "zh-Hans": "全日制学习居留许可" }, "aliases": [ "Germany student visa", "Student residence permit Germany", "Section 16b Residence Act" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "BAMF states that third-country nationals can come to Germany to study if admitted to a full-time course at a higher education institution and able to support themselves. Related preparatory and prospective-student stays are also described.", "zh-Hans": "BAMF 说明，第三国国民获高等教育机构全日制课程录取并能自给时，可来德国学习。官方还描述了相关的预备学习与“申请入学”停留。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A German study residence route for full-time higher education. BAMF says limited employment is possible while studying, and after successful completion you generally have up to 18 months to look for qualified work. That later job search can lead toward skilled-work titles and longer settlement pathways.", "zh-Hans": "面向全日制高等教育的德国学习居留途径。BAMF 说明学习期间可有限就业，成功完成学业后通常有最长 18 个月寻找合格工作。后续求职可通向技术工作居留及更长定居路径。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants admitted to a full-time German higher-education programme who can show they can support themselves and who want a study-to-work path after graduation.", "zh-Hans": "适合获德国全日制高等教育录取、能证明可自给，并希望毕业后走留学-工作路径的申请人。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "People without university admission, applicants seeking unrestricted work only, or a dedicated digital-nomad visa. Germany does not have a dedicated digital-nomad visa in this record.", "zh-Hans": "不适合没有大学录取、仅寻求不受限制工作，或寻求专门数字游民签证的申请人。本记录不将德国描述为提供专门数字游民签证。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "other", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "secondary", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "BAMF requires admission to a full-time course of study by a higher education institution. Schooling and language requirements for admission are checked as part of the study path; a prospective-student stay of up to nine months is also described for application and preparation.", "zh-Hans": "BAMF 要求获高等教育机构全日制课程录取。入学所需的学历和语言条件在学习路径中审查；官方还描述最长九个月的“申请入学/准备学习”停留。" } }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [ { "language": "de-or-program", "test": "Language skills required for the chosen programme", "minimum_level": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "Language requirements depend on the programme and university. BAMF and Study in Germany both treat language readiness as part of admission and study preparation.", "zh-Hans": "语言要求取决于课程和大学。BAMF 与 Study in Germany 都将语言准备视为录取与学习准备的一部分。" } } ], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": false }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "BAMF requires that you be able to support yourself while studying. Exact subsistence proof (blocked account, scholarship, etc.) is set in the visa/residence process.", "zh-Hans": "BAMF 要求学习期间能够自给。具体生活费证明方式（冻结账户、奖学金等）在签证/居留程序中确定。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "Processing depends on the mission and local foreigners authority. BAMF notes that after successful studies you generally have up to 18 months to seek qualified employment, and you may work during that search period.", "zh-Hans": "处理时间取决于使领馆和地方外国人管理局。BAMF 说明成功完成学业后通常有最长 18 个月寻找合格工作，求职期间可以工作。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": "limited", "local_employment_allowed": "limited", "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": false }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "BAMF states that after graduation you generally have up to 18 months to find qualified employment. Longer skilled-work residence and later permanent residence follow separate work-title rules.", "zh-Hans": "BAMF 说明毕业后通常有最长 18 个月寻找合格工作。更长期的技术工作居留及之后的永久居留遵循单独的工作居留规则。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The student-residence sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "学习居留来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 4, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "BAMF and Study in Germany provide clear high-level rules, but blocked-account amounts, weekly work-hour caps, and local foreigners-office practice change and need confirmation at filing.", "zh-Hans": "BAMF 与 Study in Germany 提供了清晰的高层规则，但冻结账户金额、每周工时上限和地方外管实践会变化，递交时需确认。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 4 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": false, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": false, "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": "unknown", "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": "limited", "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "leads_to_pr": "indirect", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" }, "source_ids": [ "germany-bamf-studying", "germany-study-in-germany-visa" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "germany-bamf-studying", "url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Bildung/Studium/studium-node.html", "quote_md": "You can come to Germany to study here as long as you are admitted to a full-time course of study by a higher education institution.", "section": "Studying in Germany", "snapshot_id": "e350ecb8f11c361be549d3664a1f4e1e3d9f0dd9056f2e2843c392b104b928e9", "quote_hash": "4cbd4ab6ccac8983f6c5f0496155e6f3031f32a24a64a4f4b43f82e96417a44a", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/status_note_md": [ { "source_id": "germany-bamf-studying", "url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Bildung/Studium/studium-node.html", "section": "Full-time study admission and self-support", "snapshot_id": "e350ecb8f11c361be549d3664a1f4e1e3d9f0dd9056f2e2843c392b104b928e9", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "germany-bamf-studying", "url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Bildung/Studium/studium-node.html", "section": "Employment while studying and 18 months after graduation", "snapshot_id": "e350ecb8f11c361be549d3664a1f4e1e3d9f0dd9056f2e2843c392b104b928e9", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "germany-bamf-studying", "url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Bildung/Studium/studium-node.html", "section": "Admission and ability to support yourself", "snapshot_id": "e350ecb8f11c361be549d3664a1f4e1e3d9f0dd9056f2e2843c392b104b928e9", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "germany-study-in-germany-visa", "url": "https://www.study-in-germany.de/en/plan-your-studies/requirements/visa/", "section": "Visa requirement for living and studying", "snapshot_id": "753066f0dc54862d1cbce8353bb47c97c336288f5fb2515ed4045c631b2eb4e2", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "germany-bamf-studying", "url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Bildung/Studium/studium-node.html", "section": "Residence title for study purposes", "snapshot_id": "e350ecb8f11c361be549d3664a1f4e1e3d9f0dd9056f2e2843c392b104b928e9", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "germany-bamf-studying", "url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Bildung/Studium/studium-node.html", "section": "Full-time admission and prospective-student stay", "snapshot_id": "e350ecb8f11c361be549d3664a1f4e1e3d9f0dd9056f2e2843c392b104b928e9", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "germany-bamf-studying", "url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Bildung/Studium/studium-node.html", "section": "Able to support yourself / subsistence", "snapshot_id": "e350ecb8f11c361be549d3664a1f4e1e3d9f0dd9056f2e2843c392b104b928e9", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "germany-bamf-studying", "url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Bildung/Studium/studium-node.html", "section": "Subsistence rather than employment income threshold", "snapshot_id": "e350ecb8f11c361be549d3664a1f4e1e3d9f0dd9056f2e2843c392b104b928e9", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "germany-bamf-studying", "url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Bildung/Studium/studium-node.html", "section": "Up to 18 months after studies to look for a job", "snapshot_id": "e350ecb8f11c361be549d3664a1f4e1e3d9f0dd9056f2e2843c392b104b928e9", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "germany-bamf-studying", "url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Bildung/Studium/studium-node.html", "section": "Limited employment and part-time student jobs", "snapshot_id": "e350ecb8f11c361be549d3664a1f4e1e3d9f0dd9056f2e2843c392b104b928e9", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "germany-bamf-studying", "url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Bildung/Studium/studium-node.html", "section": "Family rules not fully established on overview page", "snapshot_id": "e350ecb8f11c361be549d3664a1f4e1e3d9f0dd9056f2e2843c392b104b928e9", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "germany-bamf-studying", "url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Bildung/Studium/studium-node.html", "section": "Post-study job search then qualified employment", "snapshot_id": "e350ecb8f11c361be549d3664a1f4e1e3d9f0dd9056f2e2843c392b104b928e9", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "germany-bamf-studying", "url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Bildung/Studium/studium-node.html", "section": "Citizenship not established", "snapshot_id": "e350ecb8f11c361be549d3664a1f4e1e3d9f0dd9056f2e2843c392b104b928e9", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "germany-bamf-studying", "url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Bildung/Studium/studium-node.html", "section": "Conservative student residence filter fields", "snapshot_id": "e350ecb8f11c361be549d3664a1f4e1e3d9f0dd9056f2e2843c392b104b928e9", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25Z", "summary": "Added Germany student residence coverage from BAMF and Study in Germany official pages.", "source_ids": [ "germany-bamf-studying", "germany-study-in-germany-visa" ] } ] }, { "id": "hong-kong-student", "country_id": "hong-kong", "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Student visa / entry permit", "zh-Hans": "学生签证 / 进入许可" }, "aliases": [ "Hong Kong student visa", "Entry for study Hong Kong" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "Hong Kong Immigration Department publishes entry arrangements for study. Separate rules apply for some nationalities and for Mainland, Macao, and Taiwan residents.", "zh-Hans": "香港入境事务处公布以学习为目的的入境安排。部分国籍以及内地、澳门、台湾居民另有规则。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "The main Hong Kong study entry route for non-local students with a school acceptance letter for an eligible private school, full-time locally accredited post-secondary programme, exchange, or registered non-local course. Applicants must show they can pay fees and living costs without working or public funds. Hong Kong has no dedicated digital-nomad visa in this record; talent routes such as TTPS are separate.", "zh-Hans": "面向非本地学生的主要香港学习入境途径，须持有合资格私立学校、全日制本地认可专上课程、交换或已登记非本地课程的录取信，并能证明可支付学费与生活费且不靠工作或公共资金。本记录不将香港描述为提供专门数字游民签证；顶尖人才通等途径另行处理。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Students accepted into an eligible Hong Kong programme who can fund fees and living costs without working, and who need a dedicated study visa/entry permit.", "zh-Hans": "适合获香港合资格课程录取、能在不工作的情况下支付学费与生活费，并需要专门学生签证/进入许可的学生。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants without school acceptance, those seeking unrestricted work or a digital-nomad stay, or people already holding another status that allows study (check ImmD conditions). Public or aided school study is generally not permitted except listed exceptions.", "zh-Hans": "不适合没有学校录取、寻求不受限制工作或数字游民停留，或已持其他允许学习身份者（须核对入境处条件）。除列明例外外，一般不可入读官立或资助学校。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "other", "eligibility": { "age": { "note_md": { "en": "ImmD sets age bands for primary (from 5 years 8 months to 11) and secondary (below 20). Post-secondary study is not limited by those school-age bands on the same page.", "zh-Hans": "入境处对小学（5 岁 8 个月至 11 岁）和中学（20 岁以下）设有年龄范围。同页上的专上课程不受这些学龄段限制。" } }, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "Requires acceptance for an eligible private school, full-time locally accredited post-secondary programme (including some part-time taught postgraduate local programmes), exchange within stated limits, or a full-time course on the Cap. 493 non-local course register.", "zh-Hans": "须获合资格私立学校、全日制本地认可专上课程（包括部分兼读授课式研究院本地课程）、规定时限内的交换，或第 493 章非本地课程登记册上的全日制课程录取。" } }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": true }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [ { "amount": "unknown", "currency": "HKD", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "ImmD requires ability to meet course fees, living expenses, and accommodation without working and without recourse to public funds. Exact amounts are case- and programme-specific.", "zh-Hans": "入境处要求能够支付学费、生活费与住宿，且不靠工作及公共资金。具体金额视个案与课程而定。" } } ], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The study route is funded by personal means, not employment income in Hong Kong; ImmD states maintenance without working.", "zh-Hans": "学习途径依赖自有资金而非在港就业收入；入境处说明须在不工作的情况下维持生活。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "ImmD publishes processing-time guidance on the study pages; times vary and should be checked when applying.", "zh-Hans": "入境处在学习页面公布处理时间指引；时长会变化，申请时应核对。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": false, "local_employment_allowed": false, "remote_work_allowed": false, "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": false }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "A student visa/entry permit is temporary. Longer Hong Kong settlement, if any, depends on later employment or talent schemes such as IANG or TTPS under their own rules—not automatic from study alone.", "zh-Hans": "学生签证/进入许可是临时的。更长的香港定居（如有）取决于后续就业或 IANG、顶尖人才通等计划的自身规则，并非仅凭学习自动获得。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "ImmD study pages do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "入境处学习页面没有确认公民资格。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 4, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "Core eligibility is clear on ImmD, but nationality carve-outs, work conditions after study, and fees need case-level checks.", "zh-Hans": "入境处核心资格清楚，但国籍例外、毕业后工作条件与费用需按案件核对。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 4, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 2, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": false, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": "unknown", "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": false, "remote_work_allowed": false, "leads_to_pr": "indirect", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" }, "source_ids": [ "hong-kong-immd-study" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-study", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/study.html", "section": "Students entry for study — Eligibility Criteria", "snapshot_id": "0e0d9beb64fe80e76c0092225595d952ee7f08a5f14fa79ff5fc89bd24e421b1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-study", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/study.html", "section": "Students entry for study — Eligibility Criteria", "snapshot_id": "0e0d9beb64fe80e76c0092225595d952ee7f08a5f14fa79ff5fc89bd24e421b1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-study", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/study.html", "section": "Students entry for study — Eligibility Criteria", "snapshot_id": "0e0d9beb64fe80e76c0092225595d952ee7f08a5f14fa79ff5fc89bd24e421b1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-study", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/study.html", "section": "Students entry for study — Eligibility Criteria", "snapshot_id": "0e0d9beb64fe80e76c0092225595d952ee7f08a5f14fa79ff5fc89bd24e421b1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-study", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/study.html", "section": "Students entry for study — Eligibility Criteria", "snapshot_id": "0e0d9beb64fe80e76c0092225595d952ee7f08a5f14fa79ff5fc89bd24e421b1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-study", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/study.html", "section": "Students entry for study — Eligibility Criteria", "snapshot_id": "0e0d9beb64fe80e76c0092225595d952ee7f08a5f14fa79ff5fc89bd24e421b1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-study", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/study.html", "section": "Students entry for study — Eligibility Criteria", "snapshot_id": "0e0d9beb64fe80e76c0092225595d952ee7f08a5f14fa79ff5fc89bd24e421b1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-study", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/study.html", "section": "Students entry for study — Eligibility Criteria", "snapshot_id": "0e0d9beb64fe80e76c0092225595d952ee7f08a5f14fa79ff5fc89bd24e421b1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-study", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/study.html", "section": "Students entry for study — Eligibility Criteria", "snapshot_id": "0e0d9beb64fe80e76c0092225595d952ee7f08a5f14fa79ff5fc89bd24e421b1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-study", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/study.html", "section": "Students entry for study — Eligibility Criteria", "snapshot_id": "0e0d9beb64fe80e76c0092225595d952ee7f08a5f14fa79ff5fc89bd24e421b1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-study", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/study.html", "section": "Students entry for study — Eligibility Criteria", "snapshot_id": "0e0d9beb64fe80e76c0092225595d952ee7f08a5f14fa79ff5fc89bd24e421b1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-study", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/study.html", "section": "Students entry for study — Eligibility Criteria", "snapshot_id": "0e0d9beb64fe80e76c0092225595d952ee7f08a5f14fa79ff5fc89bd24e421b1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-study", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/study.html", "section": "Students entry for study — Eligibility Criteria", "snapshot_id": "0e0d9beb64fe80e76c0092225595d952ee7f08a5f14fa79ff5fc89bd24e421b1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-study", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/study.html", "section": "Students entry for study — Eligibility Criteria", "snapshot_id": "0e0d9beb64fe80e76c0092225595d952ee7f08a5f14fa79ff5fc89bd24e421b1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z", "summary": "Added Hong Kong student visa/entry permit from ImmD study page.", "source_ids": [ "hong-kong-immd-study" ] } ] }, { "id": "hong-kong-top-talent-pass", "country_id": "hong-kong", "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Top Talent Pass Scheme", "zh-Hans": "顶尖人才通行证计划" }, "aliases": [ "Hong Kong TTPS", "TTPS" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "Hong Kong Immigration Department publishes category, stay, dependant, extension, and right-of-abode information for TTPS. Eligibility and policy details remain under human review.", "zh-Hans": "香港入境事务处公布 TTPS 的类别、逗留、受养人、延期和居留权信息。资格和政策细节仍在人工审查中。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A Hong Kong talent admission route with Category A for high annual income, Categories B and C for graduates of eligible universities, and no Hong Kong job offer required at initial application.", "zh-Hans": "香港人才录取途径，A类适用于高年收入，B类和C类适用于符合条件的大学毕业生，首次申请时无需提供香港工作机会。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "High-income applicants and graduates of eligible universities who meet the relevant work-experience or recent-graduation category, and applicants who value flexible employment or business activity after admission.", "zh-Hans": "符合相关工作经验或应届毕业生类别的高收入申请人和符合条件的大学毕业生，以及入学后重视灵活就业或商业活动的申请人。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants who do not fit Category A, B, or C, or who need a guaranteed permanent outcome. Category C is quota-limited and extension requires evidence of Hong Kong employment with stable income or a Hong Kong business.", "zh-Hans": "不适合 A、B 或 C 类的申请人，或者需要有保证的永久结果的申请人。 C类有配额限制，延期需要提供在香港就业并有稳定收入或在香港经营业务的证据。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "talent_pass", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "Categories B and C require a bachelor's degree from an eligible university; Category A is income-based.", "zh-Hans": "B 类和 C 类要求拥有符合条件的大学的学士学位； A 类是基于收入的。" } }, "work_experience": { "note_md": { "en": "Category B requires at least three years of work experience over the preceding five years; Category C covers less than three years and has an annual quota.", "zh-Hans": "B类要求在过去五年中至少有三年的工作经验； C类期限不超过三年，每年有配额。" } }, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": true, "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": false }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Non-refundable TTPS application fee", "zh-Hans": "不可退还的 TTPS 申请费" }, "amount": "unknown", "currency": "HKD", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": "unknown", "min_income": [ { "amount": 2500000, "currency": "HKD", "period": "annual", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "Category A threshold; Categories B and C use academic and work-history criteria instead.", "zh-Hans": "A类门槛； B 类和 C 类使用学术和工作经历标准。" } } ], "accepted_sources": [ "employment", "business_income", "self_employment" ], "income_location": "unknown", "proof_history_months": 12, "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "Category A uses taxable employment or business income in the preceding year. Extension requires Hong Kong employment with stable income or an established/joined Hong Kong business.", "zh-Hans": "A 类使用上一年的应税就业或营业收入。延期要求在香港就业并有稳定收入或已在香港成立/加盟企业。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "Entry applications normally take four weeks after all required documents and the relevant fee are received; extensions are normally processed in two to three weeks.", "zh-Hans": "入学申请通常在收到所有所需文件和相关费用后需要四个星期；延期通常会在两到三周内得到处理。" }, "initial_validity_months": "variable", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "variable" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": true }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": true, "max_child_age": 18, "spouse_work_allowed": true, "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "The TTPS dependant policy covers a spouse or qualifying civil partner and unmarried dependent children under 18; dependants are not prohibited from employment or study.", "zh-Hans": "TTPS 受养人政策涵盖配偶或合格的民事伴侣以及 18 岁以下的未婚受抚养子女；不禁止家属就业或学习。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": true, "min_residence_years": 7, "summary_md": { "en": "Persons admitted under TTPS who have ordinarily resided in Hong Kong for a continuous period of not less than seven years may apply for right of abode under the law.", "zh-Hans": "根据TTPS来港人士在香港通常居住连续满七年，可依法申请居留权。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained Immigration Department pages establish a right-of-abode route but do not establish a citizenship route.", "zh-Hans": "保留的移民局页面建立了居留权途径，但没有建立公民身份途径。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 5, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "Core TTPS categories, stay periods, dependant rights, flexible work conditions, extension requirements, and right-of-abode timing are stated on current official Immigration Department pages; fee amounts and broader settlement/citizenship rules remain outside the fixture.", "zh-Hans": "TTPS 的核心类别、停留期限、家属权利、灵活的工作条件、延期要求和居留权时间均在最新的移民局官方页面上说明；费用金额和更广泛的定居/公民身份规则仍然不在固定范围内。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 4, "permanence_score": 4, "family_friendliness_score": 5, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "residence", "settlement_track": "residence", "pathway_mechanism": "talent_pass", "min_annual_income_usd": "unknown", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": true, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": "unknown", "requires_local_entity": "unknown", "allows_family": true, "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "leads_to_pr": true, "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:28.622Z" }, "source_ids": [ "hong-kong-immd-ttps", "hong-kong-immd-ttps-faq" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-ttps", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/TTPS.html", "section": "Eligibility Criteria and Entry of Dependants", "snapshot_id": "f56154cbb05121ab9d67255cafc59a6ff0a001bc7e34105ffc3baa86202c8971", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:27.494Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-ttps", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/TTPS.html", "section": "Eligibility Criteria and Entry of Dependants", "snapshot_id": "f56154cbb05121ab9d67255cafc59a6ff0a001bc7e34105ffc3baa86202c8971", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:27.494Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-ttps", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/TTPS.html", "section": "Eligibility Criteria and Entry of Dependants", "snapshot_id": "f56154cbb05121ab9d67255cafc59a6ff0a001bc7e34105ffc3baa86202c8971", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:27.494Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-ttps", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/TTPS.html", "section": "Eligibility Criteria and Entry of Dependants", "snapshot_id": "f56154cbb05121ab9d67255cafc59a6ff0a001bc7e34105ffc3baa86202c8971", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:27.494Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-ttps", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/TTPS.html", "section": "Eligibility Criteria and Entry of Dependants", "snapshot_id": "f56154cbb05121ab9d67255cafc59a6ff0a001bc7e34105ffc3baa86202c8971", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:27.494Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-ttps-faq", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/faq/TTPS.html", "section": "Eligibility, condition of stay, dependants, and extension of stay", "snapshot_id": "ca6fa9abfe75739f70c6af5878fa455cb77624a59f2ea99dc50525ac138af4d7", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:28.622Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-ttps", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/TTPS.html", "section": "Eligibility Criteria and Entry of Dependants", "snapshot_id": "f56154cbb05121ab9d67255cafc59a6ff0a001bc7e34105ffc3baa86202c8971", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:27.494Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-ttps-faq", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/faq/TTPS.html", "section": "Eligibility, condition of stay, dependants, and extension of stay", "snapshot_id": "ca6fa9abfe75739f70c6af5878fa455cb77624a59f2ea99dc50525ac138af4d7", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:28.622Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-ttps", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/TTPS.html", "section": "Eligibility Criteria and Entry of Dependants", "snapshot_id": "f56154cbb05121ab9d67255cafc59a6ff0a001bc7e34105ffc3baa86202c8971", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:27.494Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-ttps-faq", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/faq/TTPS.html", "section": "Eligibility, condition of stay, dependants, and extension of stay", "snapshot_id": "ca6fa9abfe75739f70c6af5878fa455cb77624a59f2ea99dc50525ac138af4d7", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:28.622Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-ttps-faq", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/faq/TTPS.html", "section": "Eligibility, condition of stay, dependants, and extension of stay", "snapshot_id": "ca6fa9abfe75739f70c6af5878fa455cb77624a59f2ea99dc50525ac138af4d7", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:28.622Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-ttps", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/TTPS.html", "section": "Eligibility Criteria and Entry of Dependants", "snapshot_id": "f56154cbb05121ab9d67255cafc59a6ff0a001bc7e34105ffc3baa86202c8971", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:27.494Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-ttps", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/TTPS.html", "section": "Eligibility Criteria and Entry of Dependants", "snapshot_id": "f56154cbb05121ab9d67255cafc59a6ff0a001bc7e34105ffc3baa86202c8971", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:27.494Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-ttps-faq", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/faq/TTPS.html", "section": "Eligibility, condition of stay, dependants, and extension of stay", "snapshot_id": "ca6fa9abfe75739f70c6af5878fa455cb77624a59f2ea99dc50525ac138af4d7", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:28.622Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:28.622Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:28.622Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:28.622Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:28.622Z", "summary": "Added a Hong Kong Top Talent Pass Scheme fixture from retained Immigration Department entry and FAQ evidence.", "source_ids": [ "hong-kong-immd-ttps", "hong-kong-immd-ttps-faq" ] } ] }, { "id": "japan-digital-nomad", "country_id": "japan", "category_ids": [ "digital_nomad" ], "official_names": { "en": "Designated Activities (Digital Nomad)", "zh-Hans": "特定活动（数字游民）" }, "aliases": [ "Japan digital nomad visa", "Designated Activities No. 53", "特定活動（デジタルノマド）" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "The Immigration Services Agency publishes Designated Activities (Digital Nomad) as an active status for remote international work for a stay not exceeding six months. Extension is not granted; after six months the same status cannot be reapplied for until another six months have passed, and a residence card is not issued.", "zh-Hans": "出入国在留管理厅将特定活动（数字游民）列为现行在留资格，面向不超过六个月的国际远程工作停留。不可延期；满六个月后须再间隔六个月才可再次申请同一资格，且不签发在留卡。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A temporary Japan route for nationals of eligible visa-exempt tax-treaty countries who earn at least 10 million yen a year and hold private medical travel insurance covering death, injury and illness (medical treatment coverage of 10 million yen or more). Work must be remote international work for a foreign employer or overseas clients using ICT; local Japanese employment is not the model.", "zh-Hans": "面向合资格免签且适用日本税收协定国家/地区国民的临时途径，要求年收入至少 1,000 万日元，并持有覆盖死亡、伤害、疾病的民间旅行医疗保险（伤病医疗补偿额 1,000 万日元以上）。工作须是利用信息通信技术为境外组织或境外客户从事国际远程工作，而非在日本本地就业模式。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "High-earning remote workers from listed eligible countries who can prove income and insurance and only need up to six months in Japan without seeking local employment or permanent settlement.", "zh-Hans": "适合来自名单合资格国家、能证明收入与保险、仅需在日本停留最长六个月且不寻求本地就业或永久定居的高收入远程工作者。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants from non-eligible nationalities, people below the 10 million yen income threshold, those needing longer than six months, or people seeking a Japanese employer-sponsored work status or permanent residence path.", "zh-Hans": "不适合国籍不在名单、年收入低于 1,000 万日元门槛、需要超过六个月停留，或寻求日本雇主担保工作身份或永久居留路径的申请人。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "remote_income", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": false }, "work_experience": { "note_md": { "en": "ISA requires documents proving current work status such as an employment contract or certificate of employment, and materials explaining the activity schedule in Japan.", "zh-Hans": "出入国在留管理厅要求提供证明当前工作状态的材料（如雇佣合同或在职证明），以及说明在日本活动安排的材料。" } }, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": false }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": true, "min_income": [ { "amount": 10000000, "currency": "JPY", "period": "annual", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "ISA states annual income must be at least 10 million yen at the time of application, proven by tax or income certificates from the country where the applicant worked.", "zh-Hans": "出入国在留管理厅说明申请时年收入须至少 1,000 万日元，并以工作所在国的税务或收入证明证明。" } } ], "accepted_sources": [ "remote_employment", "freelance", "business_income" ], "income_location": "outside_destination" }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "A Certificate of Eligibility application may be filed with regional immigration services. Stay is six months with no extension. After using the full six months, reapplication for the same status requires waiting another six months.", "zh-Hans": "可向地方出入国在留管理局申请在留资格认定证明书。停留期为六个月且不可延期。用满六个月后，再次申请同一资格须再等待六个月。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "initial_validity_months": 6, "renewable": false, "max_stay_months": 6 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": false, "remote_work_allowed": true, "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "limited" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": true, "spouse_work_allowed": false, "dependent_parents_allowed": false, "note_md": { "en": "ISA publishes a separate Designated Activities status for the spouse or child of a digital nomad, also for six months with private medical insurance requirements.", "zh-Hans": "出入国在留管理厅另公布数字游民配偶或子女的特定活动资格，同样为六个月，并有民间医疗保险要求。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": false, "summary_md": { "en": "This status is temporary for up to six months, does not issue a residence card, and does not establish a permanent-residence pathway.", "zh-Hans": "该资格最长临时停留六个月，不签发在留卡，也不构成永久居留路径。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": false, "summary_md": { "en": "The digital-nomad sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "数字游民来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 5, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "ISA pages clearly state duration, income, insurance and nationality-list constraints. Eligible-country PDFs and consular practice can change and need re-check before applying.", "zh-Hans": "出入国在留管理厅页面清楚说明期限、收入、保险和国籍名单限制。合资格国家 PDF 与领事实践可能变化，申请前需再核对。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 4, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 1, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "temporary_only", "settlement_track": "temporary_no_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "remote_income", "min_annual_income_usd": "variable", "accepts_remote_income": true, "accepts_self_employment": true, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": true, "requires_degree": false, "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": false, "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": true, "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": true, "leads_to_pr": false, "leads_to_citizenship": false, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" }, "source_ids": [ "japan-isa-digital-nomad" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-digital-nomad", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "quote_md": "Six months (No extension will be granted.)", "section": "Designated Activities for Digital Nomad", "snapshot_id": "2bdbe5663fa629cf8a7fd46b30e3dbe4e2913259eefb32528ff46a86e72a7d93", "quote_hash": "a5eb0e0e28c8213d7f06ec72e83c621be4db77365cea2681453d119b648b7380", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/status_note_md": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-digital-nomad", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "section": "Six months, reapply wait, no residence card", "snapshot_id": "2bdbe5663fa629cf8a7fd46b30e3dbe4e2913259eefb32528ff46a86e72a7d93", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-digital-nomad", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "section": "Income, insurance, nationality chart, remote work activities", "snapshot_id": "2bdbe5663fa629cf8a7fd46b30e3dbe4e2913259eefb32528ff46a86e72a7d93", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-digital-nomad", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "section": "Eligibility conditions for Digital Nomad", "snapshot_id": "2bdbe5663fa629cf8a7fd46b30e3dbe4e2913259eefb32528ff46a86e72a7d93", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-digital-nomad", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "section": "Nationality list, income and six-month limit", "snapshot_id": "2bdbe5663fa629cf8a7fd46b30e3dbe4e2913259eefb32528ff46a86e72a7d93", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-digital-nomad", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "section": "International remote work using ICT for foreign organisations or clients", "snapshot_id": "2bdbe5663fa629cf8a7fd46b30e3dbe4e2913259eefb32528ff46a86e72a7d93", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-digital-nomad", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "section": "Nationality, income, insurance requirements", "snapshot_id": "2bdbe5663fa629cf8a7fd46b30e3dbe4e2913259eefb32528ff46a86e72a7d93", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-digital-nomad", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "section": "Income proof rather than settlement funds table", "snapshot_id": "2bdbe5663fa629cf8a7fd46b30e3dbe4e2913259eefb32528ff46a86e72a7d93", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-digital-nomad", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "quote_md": "Annual income of an applicant must be at least 10 million yen at the time of application.", "section": "Annual income of at least 10 million yen", "snapshot_id": "2bdbe5663fa629cf8a7fd46b30e3dbe4e2913259eefb32528ff46a86e72a7d93", "quote_hash": "4b0a8f39311bec685ea0f9d02ff3ad1c9ae1bac681e1e4d6751b293a13ff9e83", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-digital-nomad", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "section": "Six months, no extension, reapply wait", "snapshot_id": "2bdbe5663fa629cf8a7fd46b30e3dbe4e2913259eefb32528ff46a86e72a7d93", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-digital-nomad", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "section": "International remote work activities", "snapshot_id": "2bdbe5663fa629cf8a7fd46b30e3dbe4e2913259eefb32528ff46a86e72a7d93", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-digital-nomad", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "section": "Spouse or child of Digital Nomad", "snapshot_id": "2bdbe5663fa629cf8a7fd46b30e3dbe4e2913259eefb32528ff46a86e72a7d93", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-digital-nomad", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "section": "Temporary six-month status without residence card", "snapshot_id": "2bdbe5663fa629cf8a7fd46b30e3dbe4e2913259eefb32528ff46a86e72a7d93", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-digital-nomad", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "section": "Citizenship not available on this status", "snapshot_id": "2bdbe5663fa629cf8a7fd46b30e3dbe4e2913259eefb32528ff46a86e72a7d93", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-digital-nomad", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "section": "Conservative digital-nomad filter fields", "snapshot_id": "2bdbe5663fa629cf8a7fd46b30e3dbe4e2913259eefb32528ff46a86e72a7d93", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25Z", "summary": "Added Japan Designated Activities (Digital Nomad) coverage from official ISA pages.", "source_ids": [ "japan-isa-digital-nomad" ] } ] }, { "id": "japan-engineer-specialist", "country_id": "japan", "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Engineer / Specialist in Humanities / International Services", "zh-Hans": "工程师/人文专家/国际服务" }, "aliases": [ "Japan Engineer/Specialist in Humanities/International Services", "技術・人文知識・国際業務" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "Japan's Immigration Services Agency publishes the status and application-document requirements in Japanese. This fixture is limited to the retained status page and remains under human review.", "zh-Hans": "日本移民厅以日语发布身份和申请文件要求。本数据记录仅限于保留的状态页面，并仍在人工审核中。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A Japan work residence status for technical, humanities, and certain foreign-culture-based activities performed under a contract with a public or private institution in Japan.", "zh-Hans": "根据与日本公共或私人机构签订的合同进行的技术、人文和某些外国文化活动的日本工作居留身份。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Professionals whose proposed role fits the listed engineering, humanities, translation, design, language-teaching, marketing, or related activities and who have a qualifying contract with an institution in Japan.", "zh-Hans": "拟议职位符合所列工程、人文、翻译、设计、语言教学、营销或相关活动，并且与日本机构签订了合格合同的专业人员。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants seeking a general self-sponsored or remote-income status. The retained ISA page describes institution-based work and does not establish a universal salary, family, PR, or citizenship rule.", "zh-Hans": "寻求一般自费或远程收入状态的申请人。保留的 ISA 页面描述了基于机构的工作，并未建立普遍的工资、家庭、PR 或公民身份规则。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "The ISA application materials distinguish education and relevant-work-experience evidence by activity and applicant category; this fixture does not generalize one universal threshold.", "zh-Hans": "ISA 申请材料按活动和申请人类别区分教育和相关工作经验证据；本数据记录并没有概括出一个通用阈值。" } }, "work_experience": { "note_md": { "en": "Relevant education or work-history evidence is required in the application materials, with conditions varying by the activity and applicant.", "zh-Hans": "申请材料中需要提供相关的教育或工作经历证据，条件因活动和申请人而异。" } }, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": true, "sponsor_required": true }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": true, "accepted_sources": [ "employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination", "proof_history_months": "unknown", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The status is based on paid activity under a contract with an institution in Japan; the retained page does not state a universal salary minimum.", "zh-Hans": "该状态基于与日本机构签订的合同下的付费活动；保留的页面没有规定普遍最低工资。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "The ISA page provides application procedures and document categories but no single processing-time value in the retained text.", "zh-Hans": "ISA 页面提供了申请程序和文档类别，但保留文本中没有单个处理时间值。" }, "initial_validity_months": "variable", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained ISA status page does not establish a permanent-residence pathway.", "zh-Hans": "保留的 ISA 状态页面不会建立永久居留途径。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained ISA status page does not establish a citizenship pathway.", "zh-Hans": "保留的 ISA 状态页面并未建立公民身份途径。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "extraction_confidence_score": 4, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "The official ISA page clearly states covered activities, institution-based contracts, status periods, and application materials, but much of the evidence is Japanese and role/category-specific.", "zh-Hans": "ISA 官方页面清楚地说明了涵盖的活动、基于机构的合同、状态期限和申请材料，但大部分证据都是日语的且针对特定角色/类别。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 4, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 2, "permanence_score": 3, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": false, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": true, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": "unknown", "requires_local_entity": true, "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "leads_to_pr": "unknown", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T05:38:47.655Z" }, "source_ids": [ "japan-isa-engineer-specialist", "japan-isa-residence-status-list" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-residence-status-list", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/index.html", "section": "Residence status index", "snapshot_id": "f6674778b30bf11445e7eee0314b9d3a75ca1f573a7d311333c43214f32a2d2c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:38:47.655Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-engineer-specialist", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/gijinkoku.html?lang=en", "section": "Activities covered and period of stay", "snapshot_id": "1fa7848b71d5ff31ef69fe67f7c7f8b219367c1102e9e2bfa168b9a8d48300b5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:29.406Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-engineer-specialist", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/gijinkoku.html?lang=en", "section": "Activities covered and period of stay", "snapshot_id": "1fa7848b71d5ff31ef69fe67f7c7f8b219367c1102e9e2bfa168b9a8d48300b5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:29.406Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-engineer-specialist", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/gijinkoku.html?lang=en", "section": "Activities covered and period of stay", "snapshot_id": "1fa7848b71d5ff31ef69fe67f7c7f8b219367c1102e9e2bfa168b9a8d48300b5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:29.406Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-engineer-specialist", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/gijinkoku.html?lang=en", "section": "Activities covered and period of stay", "snapshot_id": "1fa7848b71d5ff31ef69fe67f7c7f8b219367c1102e9e2bfa168b9a8d48300b5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:29.406Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-engineer-specialist", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/gijinkoku.html?lang=en", "section": "Activities covered and period of stay", "snapshot_id": "1fa7848b71d5ff31ef69fe67f7c7f8b219367c1102e9e2bfa168b9a8d48300b5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:29.406Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-engineer-specialist", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/gijinkoku.html?lang=en", "section": "Activities covered and period of stay", "snapshot_id": "1fa7848b71d5ff31ef69fe67f7c7f8b219367c1102e9e2bfa168b9a8d48300b5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:29.406Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-engineer-specialist", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/gijinkoku.html?lang=en", "section": "Activities covered and period of stay", "snapshot_id": "1fa7848b71d5ff31ef69fe67f7c7f8b219367c1102e9e2bfa168b9a8d48300b5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:29.406Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-engineer-specialist", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/gijinkoku.html?lang=en", "section": "Activities covered and period of stay", "snapshot_id": "1fa7848b71d5ff31ef69fe67f7c7f8b219367c1102e9e2bfa168b9a8d48300b5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:29.406Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-engineer-specialist", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/gijinkoku.html?lang=en", "section": "Activities covered and period of stay", "snapshot_id": "1fa7848b71d5ff31ef69fe67f7c7f8b219367c1102e9e2bfa168b9a8d48300b5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:29.406Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-engineer-specialist", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/gijinkoku.html?lang=en", "section": "Activities covered and period of stay", "snapshot_id": "1fa7848b71d5ff31ef69fe67f7c7f8b219367c1102e9e2bfa168b9a8d48300b5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:29.406Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-engineer-specialist", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/gijinkoku.html?lang=en", "section": "Activities covered and period of stay", "snapshot_id": "1fa7848b71d5ff31ef69fe67f7c7f8b219367c1102e9e2bfa168b9a8d48300b5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:29.406Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-engineer-specialist", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/gijinkoku.html?lang=en", "section": "Activities covered and period of stay", "snapshot_id": "1fa7848b71d5ff31ef69fe67f7c7f8b219367c1102e9e2bfa168b9a8d48300b5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:29.406Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-engineer-specialist", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/gijinkoku.html?lang=en", "section": "Activities covered and period of stay", "snapshot_id": "1fa7848b71d5ff31ef69fe67f7c7f8b219367c1102e9e2bfa168b9a8d48300b5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:29.406Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T05:38:47.655Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T05:38:47.655Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T05:38:47.655Z", "update_frequency_days": 30, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T05:38:47.655Z", "summary": "Added a conservative Japan Engineer/Specialist in Humanities/International Services fixture from retained ISA evidence.", "source_ids": [ "japan-isa-engineer-specialist", "japan-isa-residence-status-list" ] } ] }, { "id": "japan-student", "country_id": "japan", "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Student status of residence", "zh-Hans": "留学在留资格" }, "aliases": [ "Japan student visa", "Student status Japan", "留学" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "The official Study in Japan portal states that residential status for studies at universities, junior colleges, colleges of technology, specialized training colleges or Japanese language schools is designated as Student, with a period of stay determined by the Minister of Justice not exceeding 4 years and 3 months.", "zh-Hans": "官方 Study in Japan 门户说明，在大学、短期大学、高等专门学校、专修学校或日语学校学习时的在留资格为“留学”，居留期限由法务大臣决定，最长不超过 4 年 3 个月。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "Japan's main study residence status for school-based learning. Applicants usually obtain a Certificate of Eligibility through the school, then a visa at a Japanese mission, and receive a residence card after entry when staying more than three months.", "zh-Hans": "日本面向学校学习的主要留学在留资格。申请人通常通过学校申请在留资格认定证明书，再向日本使领馆申请签证，停留超过三个月时入境后领取在留卡。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "International students accepted by an eligible Japanese school who can show funds for expenses during the stay and complete the COE and visa process.", "zh-Hans": "适合获日本合资格学校录取、能证明在留期间费用，并完成认定证明书与签证流程的国际学生。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants without a school place, people seeking unrestricted work only, or remote-work digital-nomad stays under a different status. Japan has a separate Designated Activities digital-nomad route.", "zh-Hans": "不适合没有学校录取、仅寻求不受限制工作，或希望通过其他身份远程工作的申请人。日本另有特定活动数字游民途径。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "other", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "Student status is for studies at universities, junior colleges, colleges of technology, specialized training colleges or Japanese language schools. Document packages are set by the Immigration Services Agency and the accepting school.", "zh-Hans": "留学资格适用于大学、短期大学、高等专门学校、专修学校或日语学校的学习。材料包由出入国在留管理厅和接收学校确定。" } }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": false }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "Study in Japan states that COE or visa applications may require proof that the applicant can cover expenses while studying, such as savings, income certificates, or sponsor documentation.", "zh-Hans": "Study in Japan 说明申请认定证明书或签证时可能需要证明能够支付学习期间费用，例如存款、收入证明或担保人材料。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "The school usually acts as proxy for the Certificate of Eligibility. After the COE is issued, apply for a visa at a Japanese embassy or consulate. Period of stay is set case by case up to 4 years and 3 months.", "zh-Hans": "学校通常代理申请在留资格认定证明书。认定证明书签发后，向日本使领馆申请签证。居留期限按个案设定，最长 4 年 3 个月。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": 51 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": "unknown", "local_employment_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": false, "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": false }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "Student status is temporary. Changing to a work status after graduation follows separate Immigration Services Agency procedures and is not automatic.", "zh-Hans": "留学资格是临时的。毕业后变更为工作类在留资格需按出入国在留管理厅另行手续办理，并非自动获得。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The student sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "留学来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 4, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "The Study in Japan overview is clear on process stages, but school-specific document lists and part-time work permission details need case-level checks.", "zh-Hans": "Study in Japan 概览对流程阶段表述清楚，但学校特定材料清单和兼职许可细节需按案件核对。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 2, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 4 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": false, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": "unknown", "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": false, "leads_to_pr": "indirect", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" }, "source_ids": [ "japan-studyinjapan-student" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "japan-studyinjapan-student", "url": "https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/planning/immigration-procedures/", "quote_md": "The residential status for the purpose of studies at universities, junior colleges, colleges of technology, specialized training colleges or Japanese language schools in Japan is designated as \"Student.\"", "section": "Visas and Status of Residence — Student", "snapshot_id": "cbd801e4e5b02885c992e528868760a962dd7deafb82203a73b60cb70207a622", "quote_hash": "79bd5ec1d7b52609ec8d4b94b72a6d969fea7a0bb3e28d0676c3d6b3073b0e74", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/status_note_md": [ { "source_id": "japan-studyinjapan-student", "url": "https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/planning/immigration-procedures/", "section": "Period of stay not exceeding 4 years and 3 months", "snapshot_id": "cbd801e4e5b02885c992e528868760a962dd7deafb82203a73b60cb70207a622", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "japan-studyinjapan-student", "url": "https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/planning/immigration-procedures/", "section": "COE, visa application, residence card", "snapshot_id": "cbd801e4e5b02885c992e528868760a962dd7deafb82203a73b60cb70207a622", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "japan-studyinjapan-student", "url": "https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/planning/immigration-procedures/", "section": "Ability to pay expenses and COE process", "snapshot_id": "cbd801e4e5b02885c992e528868760a962dd7deafb82203a73b60cb70207a622", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "japan-studyinjapan-student", "url": "https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/planning/immigration-procedures/", "section": "Study-purpose residence status", "snapshot_id": "cbd801e4e5b02885c992e528868760a962dd7deafb82203a73b60cb70207a622", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "japan-studyinjapan-student", "url": "https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/planning/immigration-procedures/", "section": "School-based Student status", "snapshot_id": "cbd801e4e5b02885c992e528868760a962dd7deafb82203a73b60cb70207a622", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "japan-studyinjapan-student", "url": "https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/planning/immigration-procedures/", "section": "Eligible school types for Student status", "snapshot_id": "cbd801e4e5b02885c992e528868760a962dd7deafb82203a73b60cb70207a622", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "japan-studyinjapan-student", "url": "https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/planning/immigration-procedures/", "section": "Evidence showing ability to pay expenses", "snapshot_id": "cbd801e4e5b02885c992e528868760a962dd7deafb82203a73b60cb70207a622", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "japan-studyinjapan-student", "url": "https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/planning/immigration-procedures/", "section": "Expense coverage rather than employment income", "snapshot_id": "cbd801e4e5b02885c992e528868760a962dd7deafb82203a73b60cb70207a622", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "japan-studyinjapan-student", "url": "https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/planning/immigration-procedures/", "section": "COE then visa; period of stay up to 4 years 3 months", "snapshot_id": "cbd801e4e5b02885c992e528868760a962dd7deafb82203a73b60cb70207a622", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "japan-studyinjapan-student", "url": "https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/planning/immigration-procedures/", "section": "Student activities and residence card", "snapshot_id": "cbd801e4e5b02885c992e528868760a962dd7deafb82203a73b60cb70207a622", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "japan-studyinjapan-student", "url": "https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/planning/immigration-procedures/", "section": "Family rules not established on overview page", "snapshot_id": "cbd801e4e5b02885c992e528868760a962dd7deafb82203a73b60cb70207a622", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "japan-studyinjapan-student", "url": "https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/planning/immigration-procedures/", "section": "Temporary student status", "snapshot_id": "cbd801e4e5b02885c992e528868760a962dd7deafb82203a73b60cb70207a622", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "japan-studyinjapan-student", "url": "https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/planning/immigration-procedures/", "section": "Citizenship not established", "snapshot_id": "cbd801e4e5b02885c992e528868760a962dd7deafb82203a73b60cb70207a622", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "japan-studyinjapan-student", "url": "https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/planning/immigration-procedures/", "section": "Conservative Student status filter fields", "snapshot_id": "cbd801e4e5b02885c992e528868760a962dd7deafb82203a73b60cb70207a622", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 30, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25Z", "summary": "Added Japan Student status coverage from official Study in Japan immigration pages.", "source_ids": [ "japan-studyinjapan-student" ] } ] }, { "id": "malaysia-de-rantau-nomad-pass", "country_id": "malaysia", "category_ids": [ "digital_nomad" ], "official_names": { "en": "DE Rantau Nomad Pass", "zh-Hans": "DE Rantau 数字游牧者准证" }, "aliases": [ "Malaysia Digital Nomad Pass", "DE Rantau Pass" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "MDEC maintains the DE Rantau Nomad Pass programme. Its 2026 update says the programme has expanded beyond IT and digital fields to additional professional roles.", "zh-Hans": "MDEC 继续提供 DE Rantau 数字游牧者准证。其 2026 年更新说明，该计划已从 IT 和数字领域扩展到其他专业岗位。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A Malaysian digital-nomad route for eligible foreign digital professionals and remote workers. MDEC describes the programme as a way for qualified professionals to stay and work longer in Malaysia, while the latest update broadens eligible professional fields.", "zh-Hans": "面向符合条件的外国数字专业人士和远程工作者的马来西亚数字游牧途径。MDEC 将该计划描述为让合格专业人士在马来西亚停留和工作更长时间的途径，最新更新还扩大了可申请的专业领域。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Remote workers, digital professionals, and other professional roles covered by the current MDEC programme who can document the required work and supporting evidence.", "zh-Hans": "适合当前 MDEC 计划涵盖的远程工作者、数字专业人士及其他专业岗位人员，前提是能够提供所需工作和支持材料证明。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants seeking Malaysian local employment, permanent residence, or a route whose current income, duration, and family conditions have not been confirmed in the retained MDEC pages.", "zh-Hans": "不适合寻求马来西亚本地就业、永久居留，或需要当前保留的 MDEC 页面尚未确认的收入、期限和家庭条件的申请人。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "remote_income", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown" }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": "unknown", "sponsor_required": false }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": "unknown", "accepted_sources": [ "remote_employment", "self_employment", "freelance", "unknown" ], "income_location": "outside_destination" }, "timeline": { "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": "unknown", "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": true, "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained MDEC pages do not establish a permanent-residence route from the DE Rantau Nomad Pass.", "zh-Hans": "保留的 MDEC 页面没有确认 DE Rantau 数字游牧者准证通往永久居留的途径。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained MDEC pages do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "保留的 MDEC 页面没有确认公民资格。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "extraction_confidence_score": 3, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "This bootstrap record is intentionally conservative. Official evidence supports the core route, while detailed fees, family conditions, and long-term outcomes require continued review.", "zh-Hans": "此初始记录有意保持保守。官方证据支持核心途径，但详细费用、家庭条件和长期结果仍需持续审查。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 1, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "temporary_only", "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "remote_income", "accepts_remote_income": true, "accepts_self_employment": "unknown", "accepts_overseas_remote_income": true, "requires_degree": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": "unknown", "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": "unknown", "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": true, "leads_to_pr": "unknown", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.527Z" }, "source_ids": [ "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau", "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/press-releases/mdec-expands-de-rantau-programme-new-opportunities-for-global-digital-nomads-and-exciting-partnerships", "section": "MDEC programme update and expanded professional coverage", "snapshot_id": "cdfd6c7e2c747cab06a2d6c0013e96dbda1b7dd4db7c95adce2afb8be8c29489", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.527Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/press-releases/mdec-expands-de-rantau-programme-new-opportunities-for-global-digital-nomads-and-exciting-partnerships", "section": "DE Rantau programme purpose and eligible professional scope", "snapshot_id": "cdfd6c7e2c747cab06a2d6c0013e96dbda1b7dd4db7c95adce2afb8be8c29489", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.527Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/press-releases/mdec-expands-de-rantau-programme-new-opportunities-for-global-digital-nomads-and-exciting-partnerships", "section": "DE Rantau programme scope", "snapshot_id": "cdfd6c7e2c747cab06a2d6c0013e96dbda1b7dd4db7c95adce2afb8be8c29489", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.527Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/press-releases/mdec-expands-de-rantau-programme-new-opportunities-for-global-digital-nomads-and-exciting-partnerships", "section": "Programme scope and limitations", "snapshot_id": "cdfd6c7e2c747cab06a2d6c0013e96dbda1b7dd4db7c95adce2afb8be8c29489", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.527Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/press-releases/mdec-expands-de-rantau-programme-new-opportunities-for-global-digital-nomads-and-exciting-partnerships", "section": "Digital nomad and remote-worker programme description", "snapshot_id": "cdfd6c7e2c747cab06a2d6c0013e96dbda1b7dd4db7c95adce2afb8be8c29489", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.527Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/press-releases/mdec-expands-de-rantau-programme-new-opportunities-for-global-digital-nomads-and-exciting-partnerships", "section": "Expanded professional coverage", "snapshot_id": "cdfd6c7e2c747cab06a2d6c0013e96dbda1b7dd4db7c95adce2afb8be8c29489", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.527Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/press-releases/mdec-expands-de-rantau-programme-new-opportunities-for-global-digital-nomads-and-exciting-partnerships", "section": "Application requirements not established on retained pages", "snapshot_id": "cdfd6c7e2c747cab06a2d6c0013e96dbda1b7dd4db7c95adce2afb8be8c29489", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.527Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/press-releases/mdec-expands-de-rantau-programme-new-opportunities-for-global-digital-nomads-and-exciting-partnerships", "section": "Application requirements not established on retained pages", "snapshot_id": "cdfd6c7e2c747cab06a2d6c0013e96dbda1b7dd4db7c95adce2afb8be8c29489", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.527Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/press-releases/mdec-expands-de-rantau-programme-new-opportunities-for-global-digital-nomads-and-exciting-partnerships", "section": "Pass duration not established on retained pages", "snapshot_id": "cdfd6c7e2c747cab06a2d6c0013e96dbda1b7dd4db7c95adce2afb8be8c29489", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.527Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/press-releases/mdec-expands-de-rantau-programme-new-opportunities-for-global-digital-nomads-and-exciting-partnerships", "section": "Stay and work description", "snapshot_id": "cdfd6c7e2c747cab06a2d6c0013e96dbda1b7dd4db7c95adce2afb8be8c29489", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.527Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/press-releases/mdec-expands-de-rantau-programme-new-opportunities-for-global-digital-nomads-and-exciting-partnerships", "section": "Family conditions not established on retained pages", "snapshot_id": "cdfd6c7e2c747cab06a2d6c0013e96dbda1b7dd4db7c95adce2afb8be8c29489", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.527Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/press-releases/mdec-expands-de-rantau-programme-new-opportunities-for-global-digital-nomads-and-exciting-partnerships", "section": "Long-term residence not established", "snapshot_id": "cdfd6c7e2c747cab06a2d6c0013e96dbda1b7dd4db7c95adce2afb8be8c29489", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.527Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/press-releases/mdec-expands-de-rantau-programme-new-opportunities-for-global-digital-nomads-and-exciting-partnerships", "section": "Citizenship not established", "snapshot_id": "cdfd6c7e2c747cab06a2d6c0013e96dbda1b7dd4db7c95adce2afb8be8c29489", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.527Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/press-releases/mdec-expands-de-rantau-programme-new-opportunities-for-global-digital-nomads-and-exciting-partnerships", "section": "Conservative bootstrap filter fields", "snapshot_id": "cdfd6c7e2c747cab06a2d6c0013e96dbda1b7dd4db7c95adce2afb8be8c29489", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.527Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T11:42:03Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T11:42:03Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.527Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T11:42:03Z", "summary": "Added DE Rantau Nomad Pass bootstrap fixture from retained official evidence.", "source_ids": [ "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau", "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update" ] } ] }, { "id": "malaysia-employment-pass", "country_id": "malaysia", "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Employment Pass (Category I–III)", "zh-Hans": "就业准证（第一至第三类别）" }, "aliases": [ "Malaysia Employment Pass", "Malaysia EP" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "The Malaysian Expatriate Services Division maintains the Employment Pass route for eligible expatriate employees. ESD states that revised salary thresholds and a structured employment-duration framework take effect from June 1, 2026.", "zh-Hans": "马来西亚外籍人士服务部门继续提供面向合格外籍员工的就业准证途径。ESD 说明，修订后的薪资门槛和结构化雇佣期限框架自 2026 年 6 月 1 日起实施。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "An employer-sponsored Malaysian work-pass route for expatriates hired by an ESD-registered company. The ESD guidebook describes company registration and activation, expatriate application, Employment Pass categories, supporting-agency processes, and pass endorsement.", "zh-Hans": "面向由 ESD 注册公司聘用的外籍人士的马来西亚雇主担保工作准证途径。ESD 指南说明了公司注册和激活、外籍人士申请、就业准证类别、支持机构流程以及准证签注。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Professionals with a Malaysian employer that can complete ESD registration and activation, obtain any required agency support, and submit the employment-pass documents.", "zh-Hans": "适合拥有马来西亚雇主，且雇主能够完成 ESD 注册和激活、取得所需机构支持并提交就业准证材料的专业人士。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants seeking a self-sponsored or remote-work route, applicants without a Malaysian hiring company, or cases that do not meet the current category-specific salary and employment-duration rules.", "zh-Hans": "不适合寻求自我担保或远程工作的申请人、没有马来西亚聘用公司的申请人，或不符合当前类别薪资和雇佣期限规则的案件。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown" }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": true, "sponsor_required": true }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": true, "min_income": [ { "amount": "unknown", "currency": "MYR", "period": "monthly", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total" } ], "accepted_sources": [ "employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The ESD portal states that revised Employment Pass salary thresholds and a structured employment-duration framework take effect on June 1, 2026. The category table and case-specific exceptions must be checked before filing.", "zh-Hans": "ESD 门户说明，修订后的就业准证薪资门槛和结构化雇佣期限框架自 2026 年 6 月 1 日起实施。递交申请前必须核对类别表和案件特定例外。" } }, "timeline": { "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained Employment Pass sources do not establish a permanent-residence outcome.", "zh-Hans": "保留的就业准证来源没有确认永久居留结果。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained Employment Pass sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "保留的就业准证来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 5, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "This Malaysia bootstrap record is based on current official Immigration, ESD, MDEC, and EMGS pages. Category-specific and conditional rules still require human review before application.", "zh-Hans": "这条马来西亚初始记录基于当前移民局、ESD、MDEC 和 EMGS 官方页面。类别特定规则和条件规则在申请前仍需人工核实。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "temporary_only", "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": false, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": true, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": "unknown", "requires_local_entity": true, "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "leads_to_pr": "unknown", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:16.054Z" }, "source_ids": [ "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-guidebook", "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-overview", "malaysia-mdec-foreign-knowledge-worker-epass" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-overview", "url": "https://esd.imi.gov.my", "section": "Employment Pass categories and current ESD policy notices", "snapshot_id": "7081c042f837f910e3fae2087e806a28affa4632a8ffaa116fe9abef7139f189", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:15.528Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-guidebook", "url": "https://esd.imi.gov.my/portal/pdf/ESD_Online_Guidebook_V6_2025_(14042025).pdf", "section": "Employment of expatriates in Malaysia and ESD application stages", "snapshot_id": "5ea9d1983b725904dc3ba1edbc46d88180529e54bae37f9d9aab0fdf0a6c7edb", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:14.052Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-guidebook", "url": "https://esd.imi.gov.my/portal/pdf/ESD_Online_Guidebook_V6_2025_(14042025).pdf", "section": "Company registration, activation, and expatriate application requirements", "snapshot_id": "5ea9d1983b725904dc3ba1edbc46d88180529e54bae37f9d9aab0fdf0a6c7edb", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:14.052Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-guidebook", "url": "https://esd.imi.gov.my/portal/pdf/ESD_Online_Guidebook_V6_2025_(14042025).pdf", "section": "Employment Pass employer and category conditions", "snapshot_id": "5ea9d1983b725904dc3ba1edbc46d88180529e54bae37f9d9aab0fdf0a6c7edb", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:14.052Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-guidebook", "url": "https://esd.imi.gov.my/portal/pdf/ESD_Online_Guidebook_V6_2025_(14042025).pdf", "section": "Employment Pass applied for by the hiring company", "snapshot_id": "5ea9d1983b725904dc3ba1edbc46d88180529e54bae37f9d9aab0fdf0a6c7edb", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:14.052Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-guidebook", "url": "https://esd.imi.gov.my/portal/pdf/ESD_Online_Guidebook_V6_2025_(14042025).pdf", "section": "Eligibility criteria for Employment Pass applications", "snapshot_id": "5ea9d1983b725904dc3ba1edbc46d88180529e54bae37f9d9aab0fdf0a6c7edb", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:14.052Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-guidebook", "url": "https://esd.imi.gov.my/portal/pdf/ESD_Online_Guidebook_V6_2025_(14042025).pdf", "section": "Document checklist and application costs", "snapshot_id": "5ea9d1983b725904dc3ba1edbc46d88180529e54bae37f9d9aab0fdf0a6c7edb", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:14.052Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-overview", "url": "https://esd.imi.gov.my", "section": "Revised Employment Pass salary policy and category thresholds", "snapshot_id": "7081c042f837f910e3fae2087e806a28affa4632a8ffaa116fe9abef7139f189", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:15.528Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-guidebook", "url": "https://esd.imi.gov.my/portal/pdf/ESD_Online_Guidebook_V6_2025_(14042025).pdf", "section": "ESD application and pass endorsement stages", "snapshot_id": "5ea9d1983b725904dc3ba1edbc46d88180529e54bae37f9d9aab0fdf0a6c7edb", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:14.052Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-foreign-knowledge-worker-epass", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/expats/announcement/implementation-of-electronic-pass-epass--for-foreign-knowledge-worker-application", "section": "Employment Pass and foreign knowledge worker pass endorsement", "snapshot_id": "a4f37a441923d3b23d000f60f231bff3032107389ab1985034c3b811242fcc85", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:16.054Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-foreign-knowledge-worker-epass", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/expats/announcement/implementation-of-electronic-pass-epass--for-foreign-knowledge-worker-application", "section": "Dependant Pass availability in the ESD guidebook", "snapshot_id": "a4f37a441923d3b23d000f60f231bff3032107389ab1985034c3b811242fcc85", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:16.054Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-guidebook", "url": "https://esd.imi.gov.my/portal/pdf/ESD_Online_Guidebook_V6_2025_(14042025).pdf", "section": "Permanent residence not established", "snapshot_id": "5ea9d1983b725904dc3ba1edbc46d88180529e54bae37f9d9aab0fdf0a6c7edb", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:14.052Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-guidebook", "url": "https://esd.imi.gov.my/portal/pdf/ESD_Online_Guidebook_V6_2025_(14042025).pdf", "section": "Citizenship not established", "snapshot_id": "5ea9d1983b725904dc3ba1edbc46d88180529e54bae37f9d9aab0fdf0a6c7edb", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:14.052Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-guidebook", "url": "https://esd.imi.gov.my/portal/pdf/ESD_Online_Guidebook_V6_2025_(14042025).pdf", "section": "Conservative Employment Pass filter fields", "snapshot_id": "5ea9d1983b725904dc3ba1edbc46d88180529e54bae37f9d9aab0fdf0a6c7edb", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:14.052Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T11:56:45Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T11:56:45Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:16.054Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T11:56:45Z", "summary": "Added Malaysia Employment Pass (Category I–III) coverage from current official evidence.", "source_ids": [ "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-guidebook", "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-overview", "malaysia-mdec-foreign-knowledge-worker-epass" ] } ] }, { "id": "malaysia-student-pass", "country_id": "malaysia", "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Student Pass", "zh-Hans": "学生准证" }, "aliases": [ "Malaysia Student Pass", "Malaysia student visa" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "The Malaysian Immigration Department and Education Malaysia Global Services describe the Student Pass as the immigration pass for non-citizen students studying at approved institutions in Malaysia.", "zh-Hans": "马来西亚移民局和马来西亚教育全球服务说明，学生准证是面向在马来西亚获批机构学习的非公民学生的移民准证。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A study residence route for international students admitted to approved Malaysian institutions. The documented process includes an offer letter, EMGS or institutional application, academic screening, eVAL, possible Single-Entry Visa, arrival medical screening, and Student Pass endorsement.", "zh-Hans": "面向获准进入马来西亚认可机构学习的国际学生的学习居留途径。已记录流程包括录取通知书、EMGS 或学校申请、学术审查、电子签证批准信、可能需要的单次入境签证、抵达后的体检以及学生准证签注。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "International students with an offer from an approved Malaysian institution who can complete the EMGS and Immigration process and maintain the required insurance and pass conditions.", "zh-Hans": "适合获得马来西亚认可机构录取，能够完成 EMGS 和移民局流程，并维持所需保险及准证条件的国际学生。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants seeking unrestricted work, a self-sponsored work route, or a direct permanent-residence pathway. Part-time work and dependant eligibility are conditional.", "zh-Hans": "不适合寻求不受限制工作、自我担保工作途径或直接永久居留途径的申请人。兼职工作和家属资格均有条件限制。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "other", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "secondary", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "EMGS states that applicants for diploma or degree programmes need at least 12 years of education and a recognized national or international examination.", "zh-Hans": "EMGS 说明，申请文凭或学位课程的申请人需要至少 12 年教育经历以及获认可的国家或国际考试。" } }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": true, "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": false }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Student Pass fee", "zh-Hans": "学生准证费用" }, "amount": 60, "currency": "MYR", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable" }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "EMGS states a 14-working-day client charter for a complete application, while incomplete or incorrect documents can add time. A Student Pass is usually issued for up to one year at a time and may be renewed subject to the approved study duration and conditions.", "zh-Hans": "EMGS 说明，完整申请的客户服务时限为 14 个工作日，但材料不完整或错误可能延长时间。学生准证通常一次签发最长一年，并可根据获批学习期限和条件续签。" }, "processing_time_months_min": 0.5, "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "initial_validity_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": "limited", "local_employment_allowed": "limited", "remote_work_allowed": false, "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": false }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "limited", "unmarried_partner_allowed": false, "children_allowed": "limited", "spouse_work_allowed": false, "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "Dependants are conditional. Immigration says only Student Pass holders at Master’s or PhD level may bring dependants to reside, while EMGS describes additional nationality and programme conditions.", "zh-Hans": "家属资格具有条件限制。移民局说明，只有硕士或博士阶段的学生准证持有人可以携带家属居住；EMGS 还说明了其他国籍和课程条件。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The Student Pass and Graduate Pass sources do not establish a permanent-residence outcome.", "zh-Hans": "学生准证和毕业生准证来源没有确认永久居留结果。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained Student Pass sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "保留的学生准证来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 5, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "This Malaysia bootstrap record is based on current official Immigration, ESD, MDEC, and EMGS pages. Category-specific and conditional rules still require human review before application.", "zh-Hans": "这条马来西亚初始记录基于当前移民局、ESD、MDEC 和 EMGS 官方页面。类别特定规则和条件规则在申请前仍需人工核实。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 2, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "temporary_only", "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": false, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": false, "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": "unknown", "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": "limited", "remote_work_allowed": false, "leads_to_pr": "unknown", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": 0.5, "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:16.054Z" }, "source_ids": [ "malaysia-immigration-student-pass", "malaysia-emgs-student-pass-faq" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-immigration-student-pass", "url": "https://www.imi.gov.my/index.php/en/main-services/pass/student-pass", "section": "Student Pass facility and application categories", "snapshot_id": "18f9e674e65585ca0b321c828d2bd2b3db5a098df9477f96d8c559b32d8003a7", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:15.578Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-emgs-student-pass-faq", "url": "https://educationmalaysia.gov.my/get-in-touch/faq", "section": "Student Pass application stages and eVAL process", "snapshot_id": "3b1e10f013e96868393ea180b605df5d0f416a6ff913fa0b8eb449a68e8f67f5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:13.665Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-emgs-student-pass-faq", "url": "https://educationmalaysia.gov.my/get-in-touch/faq", "section": "Student Pass requirements and EMGS application process", "snapshot_id": "3b1e10f013e96868393ea180b605df5d0f416a6ff913fa0b8eb449a68e8f67f5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:13.665Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-emgs-student-pass-faq", "url": "https://educationmalaysia.gov.my/get-in-touch/faq", "section": "Conditional work, dependant, and study conditions", "snapshot_id": "3b1e10f013e96868393ea180b605df5d0f416a6ff913fa0b8eb449a68e8f67f5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:13.665Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-immigration-student-pass", "url": "https://www.imi.gov.my/index.php/en/main-services/pass/student-pass", "section": "Admission to approved institution and Student Pass application", "snapshot_id": "18f9e674e65585ca0b321c828d2bd2b3db5a098df9477f96d8c559b32d8003a7", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:15.578Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-immigration-student-pass", "url": "https://www.imi.gov.my/index.php/en/main-services/pass/student-pass", "section": "Student Pass age, education, institution, and medical conditions", "snapshot_id": "18f9e674e65585ca0b321c828d2bd2b3db5a098df9477f96d8c559b32d8003a7", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:15.578Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-immigration-student-pass", "url": "https://www.imi.gov.my/index.php/en/main-services/pass/student-pass", "section": "Student Pass fee schedule", "snapshot_id": "18f9e674e65585ca0b321c828d2bd2b3db5a098df9477f96d8c559b32d8003a7", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:15.578Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-immigration-student-pass", "url": "https://www.imi.gov.my/index.php/en/main-services/pass/student-pass", "section": "Study route does not use an income requirement", "snapshot_id": "18f9e674e65585ca0b321c828d2bd2b3db5a098df9477f96d8c559b32d8003a7", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:15.578Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-emgs-student-pass-faq", "url": "https://educationmalaysia.gov.my/get-in-touch/faq", "section": "14-working-day charter, eVAL, validity, and renewal", "snapshot_id": "3b1e10f013e96868393ea180b605df5d0f416a6ff913fa0b8eb449a68e8f67f5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:13.665Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-emgs-student-pass-faq", "url": "https://educationmalaysia.gov.my/get-in-touch/faq", "section": "Limited part-time work and study permission", "snapshot_id": "3b1e10f013e96868393ea180b605df5d0f416a6ff913fa0b8eb449a68e8f67f5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:13.665Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-immigration-student-pass", "url": "https://www.imi.gov.my/index.php/en/main-services/pass/student-pass", "section": "Dependants and guardians for Student Pass holders", "snapshot_id": "18f9e674e65585ca0b321c828d2bd2b3db5a098df9477f96d8c559b32d8003a7", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:15.578Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-immigration-student-pass", "url": "https://www.imi.gov.my/index.php/en/main-services/pass/student-pass", "section": "Permanent residence not established", "snapshot_id": "18f9e674e65585ca0b321c828d2bd2b3db5a098df9477f96d8c559b32d8003a7", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:15.578Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-immigration-student-pass", "url": "https://www.imi.gov.my/index.php/en/main-services/pass/student-pass", "section": "Citizenship not established", "snapshot_id": "18f9e674e65585ca0b321c828d2bd2b3db5a098df9477f96d8c559b32d8003a7", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:15.578Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-emgs-student-pass-faq", "url": "https://educationmalaysia.gov.my/get-in-touch/faq", "section": "Conservative Student Pass filter fields", "snapshot_id": "3b1e10f013e96868393ea180b605df5d0f416a6ff913fa0b8eb449a68e8f67f5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:13.665Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T11:56:45Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T11:56:45Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:16.054Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T11:56:45Z", "summary": "Added Malaysia Student Pass coverage from current official evidence.", "source_ids": [ "malaysia-immigration-student-pass", "malaysia-emgs-student-pass-faq" ] } ] }, { "id": "netherlands-highly-skilled-migrant", "country_id": "netherlands", "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Residence Permit for Highly Skilled Migrants", "zh-Hans": "高技术移民居留许可" }, "aliases": [ "Netherlands Highly Skilled Migrant", "Kennismigrant" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "The residence permit is employer-sponsored: only an employer recognised by the IND can apply, and the employment and salary conditions remain tied to the recognised sponsor.", "zh-Hans": "居留许可由雇主担保：只有 IND 认可的雇主才能申请，并且就业和工资条件仍与认可的担保人相关。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A Netherlands residence permit for highly skilled work based on an employment contract with an IND-recognised sponsor and an indexed salary criterion.", "zh-Hans": "基于与 IND 认可的担保人签订的雇佣合同和指数工资标准，获得荷兰高技能工作居留许可。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Skilled employees with a Dutch employer or research institution willing and able to act as an IND-recognised sponsor and pay the applicable market-rate salary.", "zh-Hans": "荷兰雇主或研究机构愿意且能够充当 IND 认可的赞助商并支付适用的市场工资的熟练员工。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants without a recognised sponsor, a qualifying Dutch employment contract, or sufficient salary under the applicable age and reduced-salary criterion.", "zh-Hans": "没有认可的担保人、合格的荷兰雇佣合同或在适用年龄和减薪标准下没有足够工资的申请人。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown" }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": true, "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": true, "sponsor_required": true }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": true, "accepted_sources": [ "employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination", "proof_history_months": "unknown", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The salary must meet the indexed criterion for the applicant’s situation, be paid monthly into an account in the applicant’s name, and match the market rate. The PDF lists standard, under-30, and reduced salary criteria without embedding a single permanent amount.", "zh-Hans": "工资必须符合申请人情况的指数标准，每月支付到申请人名下的账户，并与市场利率相匹配。 PDF 列出了标​​准工资、30 岁以下工资和减薪标准，但没有嵌入任何永久金额。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "If the recognised sponsor submits a complete application, the IND process can be completed within two weeks according to the retained guide. Permit validity depends on the employment and residence conditions.", "zh-Hans": "如果认可的申办者提交完整的申请，IND流程可以根据保留的指南在两周内完成。许可证的有效期取决于就业和居留条件。" }, "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": 60 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": false, "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": false }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "The retained highly skilled migrant guide does not establish dependant eligibility in this fixture; family conditions require a separate IND family assessment.", "zh-Hans": "保留的高技术移民指南并未在此规定中建立依附资格；家庭条件需要单独的 IND 家庭评估。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained guide establishes the highly skilled migrant residence permit but does not establish an individual permanent-residence outcome.", "zh-Hans": "保留的指南规定了高技术移民居留许可，但没有规定个人永久居留结果。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained guide does not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "保留的指南不规定公民资格。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 5, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "An official IND PDF directly establishes the recognised-sponsor, employment-contract, salary-criterion, TB, and process requirements. Indexed salary amounts and residence outcomes are intentionally not frozen beyond the retained wording.", "zh-Hans": "官方 IND PDF 直接确定了认可的担保人、雇佣合同、薪资标准、TB 和流程要求。索引工资金额和居留结果有意不冻结在保留的措辞之外。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 4, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 4, "permanence_score": 3, "family_friendliness_score": 2, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": false, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": true, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": false, "requires_local_entity": true, "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": false, "leads_to_pr": "unknown", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": 1, "processing_time_months_max": 1, "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.472Z" }, "source_ids": [ "netherlands-ind-highly-skilled-migrant" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-highly-skilled-migrant", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/3072.pdf", "section": "Requirements, recognised sponsor, employment contract, salary criterion, and application process", "snapshot_id": "a2dd98abf501fbbd3044b9009a2cbb159e759f38123dda0e492204a5082e034c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.472Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-highly-skilled-migrant", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/3072.pdf", "section": "Requirements, recognised sponsor, employment contract, salary criterion, and application process", "snapshot_id": "a2dd98abf501fbbd3044b9009a2cbb159e759f38123dda0e492204a5082e034c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.472Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-highly-skilled-migrant", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/3072.pdf", "section": "Requirements, recognised sponsor, employment contract, salary criterion, and application process", "snapshot_id": "a2dd98abf501fbbd3044b9009a2cbb159e759f38123dda0e492204a5082e034c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.472Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-highly-skilled-migrant", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/3072.pdf", "section": "Requirements, recognised sponsor, employment contract, salary criterion, and application process", "snapshot_id": "a2dd98abf501fbbd3044b9009a2cbb159e759f38123dda0e492204a5082e034c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.472Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-highly-skilled-migrant", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/3072.pdf", "section": "Requirements, recognised sponsor, employment contract, salary criterion, and application process", "snapshot_id": "a2dd98abf501fbbd3044b9009a2cbb159e759f38123dda0e492204a5082e034c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.472Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-highly-skilled-migrant", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/3072.pdf", "section": "Requirements, recognised sponsor, employment contract, salary criterion, and application process", "snapshot_id": "a2dd98abf501fbbd3044b9009a2cbb159e759f38123dda0e492204a5082e034c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.472Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-highly-skilled-migrant", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/3072.pdf", "section": "Requirements, recognised sponsor, employment contract, salary criterion, and application process", "snapshot_id": "a2dd98abf501fbbd3044b9009a2cbb159e759f38123dda0e492204a5082e034c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.472Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-highly-skilled-migrant", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/3072.pdf", "section": "Requirements, recognised sponsor, employment contract, salary criterion, and application process", "snapshot_id": "a2dd98abf501fbbd3044b9009a2cbb159e759f38123dda0e492204a5082e034c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.472Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-highly-skilled-migrant", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/3072.pdf", "section": "Requirements, recognised sponsor, employment contract, salary criterion, and application process", "snapshot_id": "a2dd98abf501fbbd3044b9009a2cbb159e759f38123dda0e492204a5082e034c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.472Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-highly-skilled-migrant", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/3072.pdf", "section": "Requirements, recognised sponsor, employment contract, salary criterion, and application process", "snapshot_id": "a2dd98abf501fbbd3044b9009a2cbb159e759f38123dda0e492204a5082e034c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.472Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-highly-skilled-migrant", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/3072.pdf", "section": "Requirements, recognised sponsor, employment contract, salary criterion, and application process", "snapshot_id": "a2dd98abf501fbbd3044b9009a2cbb159e759f38123dda0e492204a5082e034c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.472Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-highly-skilled-migrant", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/3072.pdf", "section": "Requirements, recognised sponsor, employment contract, salary criterion, and application process", "snapshot_id": "a2dd98abf501fbbd3044b9009a2cbb159e759f38123dda0e492204a5082e034c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.472Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-highly-skilled-migrant", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/3072.pdf", "section": "Requirements, recognised sponsor, employment contract, salary criterion, and application process", "snapshot_id": "a2dd98abf501fbbd3044b9009a2cbb159e759f38123dda0e492204a5082e034c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.472Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-highly-skilled-migrant", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/3072.pdf", "section": "Requirements, recognised sponsor, employment contract, salary criterion, and application process", "snapshot_id": "a2dd98abf501fbbd3044b9009a2cbb159e759f38123dda0e492204a5082e034c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.472Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.472Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.472Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.472Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T08:06:46.019Z", "summary": "Added Netherlands Highly Skilled Migrant fixture from retained IND PDF evidence.", "source_ids": [ "netherlands-ind-highly-skilled-migrant" ] } ] }, { "id": "netherlands-orientation-year", "country_id": "netherlands", "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Residence Permit for an Orientation Year", "zh-Hans": "求职年居留许可" }, "aliases": [ "Netherlands Orientation Year", "Zoekjaar" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "This is a one-year residence permit for highly educated persons seeking employment after qualifying study, doctorate, research, or related education.", "zh-Hans": "这是为在合格学习、博士学位、研究或相关教育后寻求就业的受过高等教育的人提供的一年期居留许可。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A one-year Netherlands residence permit for qualifying graduates, PhD holders, researchers, and other highly educated applicants to seek work after recent study or research.", "zh-Hans": "为符合资格的毕业生、博士持有者、研究人员和其他受过高等教育的申请人在最近的学习或研究后寻找工作提供一年期的荷兰居留许可。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Recent graduates or researchers who completed a qualifying programme or research route within the previous three years and want time to find Dutch employment.", "zh-Hans": "在过去三年内完成资格课程或研究途径并希望有时间在荷兰找到工作的应届毕业生或研究人员。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants outside the three-year qualification window or without one of the listed Dutch, Erasmus Mundus, research, policy, or designated foreign-education grounds.", "zh-Hans": "申请人超出三年资格期限或没有列出的荷兰、伊拉斯谟世界、研究、政策或指定的外国教育理由之一。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "other", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "bachelor", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "The retained January 2026 IND form lists accredited Dutch bachelor’s/master’s study, qualifying post-master study or PhD, research permits, Erasmus Mundus, certain policy programmes, and qualifying designated foreign institutions completed within the previous three years.", "zh-Hans": "保留的 2026 年 1 月 IND 表格列出了经过认可的荷兰学士/硕士学习、合格的硕士后学习或博士学位、研究许可、伊拉斯谟世界计划、某些政策项目以及过去三年内完成的合格指定外国机构。" } }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [ { "language": "English", "note_md": { "en": "For the designated foreign-institution route, the form lists IELTS 6.0 or a comparable English-language condition, with alternatives for English- or Dutch-taught study.", "zh-Hans": "对于指定的外国院校途径，表格列出了雅思 6.0 或类似的英语语言条件，以及英语或荷兰语授课学习的替代方案。" } } ], "health_check_required": true, "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": false }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": false, "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable", "proof_history_months": "unknown", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The retained form is an admission and residence application based on qualifying education or research, not a personal-income route.", "zh-Hans": "保留的表格是基于合格教育或研究的入学和居住申请，而不是个人收入途径。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "The permit is an orientation year: one year to look for work in the Netherlands. The retained form does not establish a processing duration.", "zh-Hans": "该许可证是一个求职年：在荷兰寻找工作的一年。保留的表格不规定处理期限。" }, "initial_validity_months": 12, "renewable": false, "max_stay_months": 12 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "The retained orientation-year form does not establish dependant conditions.", "zh-Hans": "保留的求职年表格不设定附属条件。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "The permit provides one year to find work; the IND highly skilled migrant guide identifies the orientation year as one route to the reduced salary criterion for a later highly skilled migrant application.", "zh-Hans": "该许可证提供一年的找工作时间； IND 高技术移民指南将求职年确定为以后高技术移民申请降低工资标准的一种途径。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained orientation-year form does not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "保留的求职年表格并不确定公民资格。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 5, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "The current official IND application form directly lists the qualification routes and three-year window. Work-right and later-route details are kept conditional where the retained form does not state them fully.", "zh-Hans": "目前官方的IND申请表直接列出了资格途径和三年窗口。如果保留的表格没有完整说明，工作权和后续途径的详细信息将受到条件限制。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 2, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "temporary_only", "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "accepts_remote_income": "unknown", "accepts_self_employment": "unknown", "accepts_overseas_remote_income": "unknown", "requires_degree": true, "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": "unknown", "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "leads_to_pr": "indirect", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.961Z" }, "source_ids": [ "netherlands-ind-orientation-year" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-orientation-year", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/9571.pdf", "section": "Eligibility within the previous three years and orientation-year application requirements", "snapshot_id": "bdb84360084ce93fa7ae3a821a927e384f99d825b4cabc67f23d76a3222b2789", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.961Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-orientation-year", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/9571.pdf", "section": "Eligibility within the previous three years and orientation-year application requirements", "snapshot_id": "bdb84360084ce93fa7ae3a821a927e384f99d825b4cabc67f23d76a3222b2789", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.961Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-orientation-year", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/9571.pdf", "section": "Eligibility within the previous three years and orientation-year application requirements", "snapshot_id": "bdb84360084ce93fa7ae3a821a927e384f99d825b4cabc67f23d76a3222b2789", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.961Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-orientation-year", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/9571.pdf", "section": "Eligibility within the previous three years and orientation-year application requirements", "snapshot_id": "bdb84360084ce93fa7ae3a821a927e384f99d825b4cabc67f23d76a3222b2789", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.961Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-orientation-year", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/9571.pdf", "section": "Eligibility within the previous three years and orientation-year application requirements", "snapshot_id": "bdb84360084ce93fa7ae3a821a927e384f99d825b4cabc67f23d76a3222b2789", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.961Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-orientation-year", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/9571.pdf", "section": "Eligibility within the previous three years and orientation-year application requirements", "snapshot_id": "bdb84360084ce93fa7ae3a821a927e384f99d825b4cabc67f23d76a3222b2789", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.961Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-orientation-year", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/9571.pdf", "section": "Eligibility within the previous three years and orientation-year application requirements", "snapshot_id": "bdb84360084ce93fa7ae3a821a927e384f99d825b4cabc67f23d76a3222b2789", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.961Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-orientation-year", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/9571.pdf", "section": "Eligibility within the previous three years and orientation-year application requirements", "snapshot_id": "bdb84360084ce93fa7ae3a821a927e384f99d825b4cabc67f23d76a3222b2789", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.961Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-orientation-year", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/9571.pdf", "section": "Eligibility within the previous three years and orientation-year application requirements", "snapshot_id": "bdb84360084ce93fa7ae3a821a927e384f99d825b4cabc67f23d76a3222b2789", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.961Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-orientation-year", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/9571.pdf", "section": "Eligibility within the previous three years and orientation-year application requirements", "snapshot_id": "bdb84360084ce93fa7ae3a821a927e384f99d825b4cabc67f23d76a3222b2789", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.961Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-orientation-year", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/9571.pdf", "section": "Eligibility within the previous three years and orientation-year application requirements", "snapshot_id": "bdb84360084ce93fa7ae3a821a927e384f99d825b4cabc67f23d76a3222b2789", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.961Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-orientation-year", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/9571.pdf", "section": "Eligibility within the previous three years and orientation-year application requirements", "snapshot_id": "bdb84360084ce93fa7ae3a821a927e384f99d825b4cabc67f23d76a3222b2789", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.961Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-orientation-year", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/9571.pdf", "section": "Eligibility within the previous three years and orientation-year application requirements", "snapshot_id": "bdb84360084ce93fa7ae3a821a927e384f99d825b4cabc67f23d76a3222b2789", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.961Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-orientation-year", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/9571.pdf", "section": "Eligibility within the previous three years and orientation-year application requirements", "snapshot_id": "bdb84360084ce93fa7ae3a821a927e384f99d825b4cabc67f23d76a3222b2789", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.961Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.961Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.961Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.961Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T08:06:46.019Z", "summary": "Added Netherlands Orientation Year fixture from retained IND PDF evidence.", "source_ids": [ "netherlands-ind-orientation-year" ] } ] }, { "id": "new-zealand-accredited-employer-work-visa", "country_id": "new-zealand", "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Accredited Employer Work Visa (AEWV)", "zh-Hans": "认可雇主工作签证（AEWV）" }, "aliases": [ "New Zealand AEWV" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "AEWV is an employer-linked temporary work visa. The Immigration New Zealand page states that it can lead to a resident visa depending on the job, but does not make residence automatic.", "zh-Hans": "AEWV 是与雇主相关的临时工作签证。新西兰移民局页面指出，它可以根据工作获得居民签证，但不会自动获得居留权。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A New Zealand work visa for a full-time job offer from an accredited employer, with job-specific conditions, up to five years for most jobs, and possible residence options depending on the occupation.", "zh-Hans": "新西兰工作签证，由认可的雇主提供全职工作机会，具有特定于工作的条件，大多数工作最长可达五年，并根据职业提供可能的居留选择。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Skilled workers with a genuine full-time offer from an accredited New Zealand employer who can show at least two years of relevant experience or an accepted qualification.", "zh-Hans": "拥有新西兰认可雇主真正全职工作邀请的技术工人，可以证明至少两年相关经验或认可的资格。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants without an accredited-employer job offer, applicants seeking open work rights unrelated to the offered job, or applicants treating AEWV alone as automatic residence.", "zh-Hans": "没有获得认可雇主工作邀请的申请人、寻求与所提供工作无关的开放式工作权利的申请人或仅将 AEWV 视为自动居留的申请人。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "The skill requirement can be met through at least two years of relevant job experience or a qualification at New Zealand Qualification Framework level 4 or higher.", "zh-Hans": "通过至少两年的相关工作经验或新西兰资格框架 4 级或更高级别的资格可以满足技能要求。" } }, "work_experience": { "min_years": 2, "note_md": { "en": "Relevant experience or the alternative qualification route must be in the same field or industry as the offered job, subject to the visa rules.", "zh-Hans": "根据签证规则，相关经验或替代资格途径必须与所提供的工作属于同一领域或行业。" } }, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": true, "sponsor_required": true }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "AEWV application fee from", "zh-Hans": "AEWV 申请费从" }, "amount": 1540, "currency": "NZD", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": "unknown", "accepted_sources": [ "employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination", "proof_history_months": "unknown", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The retained AEWV page ties eligibility to the offered job and employment agreement; it does not establish one universal personal-income threshold in this fixture.", "zh-Hans": "保留的 AEWV 页面将资格与所提供的工作和就业协议联系起来；它没有在此规定中设定普遍的个人收入门槛。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "Immigration New Zealand lists 80% processing within seven weeks. The visa can be up to five years based on the job; most jobs have a five-year maximum continuous stay and ANZSCO skill-level 4 or 5 jobs generally have three years.", "zh-Hans": "新西兰移民局列出 80% 的处理时间为七周内。根据工作情况，签证最长可达五年；大多数工作的最长连续停留期限为五年，ANZSCO 技能级别 4 或 5 工作的最长连续停留期限为三年。" }, "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": 60 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": false, "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": false }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": true, "children_allowed": true, "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": false, "note_md": { "en": "Partner and dependent-child visas may be supported, but the exact visa type depends on earnings, occupation skill level, NOL/ANZSCO status, Green List or approved transport/care-workforce status, and other conditions.", "zh-Hans": "可能支持伴侣和受抚养子女签证，但确切的签证类型取决于收入、职业技能水平、NOL/ANZSCO 状态、绿名单或批准的交通/护理劳动力状态以及其他条件。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "The AEWV page says the visa can lead to a resident visa depending on the job and points applicants to New Zealand skilled-residence pathways.", "zh-Hans": "AEWV 页面称，该签证可以根据工作获得居民签证，并为申请人提供新西兰技术居留途径。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "AEWV alone does not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "AEWV 本身并不能确定公民资格。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 5, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "Direct Immigration New Zealand sources establish the employer link, skill evidence, duration, processing time, family conditions, and indirect residence option. Job-specific wage, occupation, and family outcomes remain conditional.", "zh-Hans": "新西兰直接移民来源确定了雇主联系、技能证据、持续时间、处理时间、家庭条件和间接居留选择。特定工作的工资、职业和家庭成果仍然是有条件的。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 4, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 3, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": false, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": true, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": "unknown", "requires_local_entity": true, "allows_family": true, "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": false, "leads_to_pr": "indirect", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": 1, "processing_time_months_max": 2, "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:39.112Z" }, "source_ids": [ "new-zealand-inz-aewv", "new-zealand-inz-aewv-family", "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-aewv", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/accredited-employer-work-visa", "section": "AEWV overview, duration, eligibility, skills, and residence option", "snapshot_id": "f3b485394dd371ee7fa0af244bc43340790a74674089b7c048430ebc7177e395", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:39.112Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-aewv", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/accredited-employer-work-visa", "section": "AEWV overview, duration, eligibility, skills, and residence option", "snapshot_id": "f3b485394dd371ee7fa0af244bc43340790a74674089b7c048430ebc7177e395", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:39.112Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-aewv", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/accredited-employer-work-visa", "section": "AEWV overview, duration, eligibility, skills, and residence option", "snapshot_id": "f3b485394dd371ee7fa0af244bc43340790a74674089b7c048430ebc7177e395", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:39.112Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-aewv", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/accredited-employer-work-visa", "section": "AEWV overview, duration, eligibility, skills, and residence option", "snapshot_id": "f3b485394dd371ee7fa0af244bc43340790a74674089b7c048430ebc7177e395", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:39.112Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-aewv", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/accredited-employer-work-visa", "section": "AEWV overview, duration, eligibility, skills, and residence option", "snapshot_id": "f3b485394dd371ee7fa0af244bc43340790a74674089b7c048430ebc7177e395", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:39.112Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-aewv", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/accredited-employer-work-visa", "section": "AEWV overview, duration, eligibility, skills, and residence option", "snapshot_id": "f3b485394dd371ee7fa0af244bc43340790a74674089b7c048430ebc7177e395", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:39.112Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-aewv", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/accredited-employer-work-visa", "section": "AEWV overview, duration, eligibility, skills, and residence option", "snapshot_id": "f3b485394dd371ee7fa0af244bc43340790a74674089b7c048430ebc7177e395", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:39.112Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-aewv", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/accredited-employer-work-visa", "section": "AEWV overview, duration, eligibility, skills, and residence option", "snapshot_id": "f3b485394dd371ee7fa0af244bc43340790a74674089b7c048430ebc7177e395", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:39.112Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-aewv", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/accredited-employer-work-visa", "section": "AEWV overview, duration, eligibility, skills, and residence option", "snapshot_id": "f3b485394dd371ee7fa0af244bc43340790a74674089b7c048430ebc7177e395", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:39.112Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-aewv", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/accredited-employer-work-visa", "section": "AEWV overview, duration, eligibility, skills, and residence option", "snapshot_id": "f3b485394dd371ee7fa0af244bc43340790a74674089b7c048430ebc7177e395", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:39.112Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-aewv-family", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/process-to-apply/once-you-have-a-visa/bringing-family-to-new-zealand/bringing-family-if-you-have-a-work-visa/bringing-family-if-you-have-an-accredited-employer-work-visa-aewv", "section": "Family support and conditional partner/child visa eligibility", "snapshot_id": "ce0b1fefc909baa1fa43ed14151adff4e7b0462a7418c0e2452ede9093f2270c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.533Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa", "section": "SMC resident eligibility, points, duration, family, and permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "2c172883728961a55311ebca7b4ca6fff88c8b47fb98d66100bca6ec2ac83269", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-aewv", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/accredited-employer-work-visa", "section": "AEWV overview, duration, eligibility, skills, and residence option", "snapshot_id": "f3b485394dd371ee7fa0af244bc43340790a74674089b7c048430ebc7177e395", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:39.112Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-aewv", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/accredited-employer-work-visa", "section": "AEWV overview, duration, eligibility, skills, and residence option", "snapshot_id": "f3b485394dd371ee7fa0af244bc43340790a74674089b7c048430ebc7177e395", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:39.112Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:39.112Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:39.112Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:39.112Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:39.112Z", "summary": "Added New Zealand AEWV fixture from retained Immigration New Zealand evidence.", "source_ids": [ "new-zealand-inz-aewv", "new-zealand-inz-aewv-family", "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident" ] } ] }, { "id": "new-zealand-fee-paying-student", "country_id": "new-zealand", "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Fee Paying Student Visa", "zh-Hans": "自费学生签证（Fee Paying Student Visa）" }, "aliases": [ "New Zealand student visa", "NZ fee-paying student visa" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "Immigration New Zealand describes the Fee Paying Student Visa as the main full-time study route for international fee-paying students. Paper applications are no longer accepted; apply online. New Zealand has no dedicated digital-nomad visa in this record.", "zh-Hans": "新西兰移民局将自费学生签证描述为国际自费学生的主要全日制学习途径。不再接受纸质申请，须在线申请。本记录不将新西兰描述为提供专门数字游民签证。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A New Zealand student visa for people with an offer of place from an approved education provider who pay international tuition (or partial scholarship). INZ says stay can be up to 4 years, online applications cost from NZD $850, and 80% of decisions are within 9.5 weeks. Limited part-time work (up to 25 hours a week while studying, full-time in holidays) depends on visa conditions. Living funds are typically NZD $20,000 per year for tertiary study.", "zh-Hans": "面向获认可教育机构录取并支付国际学费（或部分奖学金）者的新西兰学生签证。移民局说明最长可停留 4 年，在线申请费用起价约 850 新西兰元，80% 在 9.5 周内出结果。有限兼职（学习期间每周最多 25 小时，假期可全职）取决于签证条件。高等教育生活费资金通常为每年 20,000 新西兰元。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "International students with an offer from an approved NZ provider, funds for tuition and living costs (or an acceptable sponsor), and genuine study intent.", "zh-Hans": "适合获新西兰认可教育机构录取、具备学费与生活费（或合格担保人），并有真实学习目的的国际学生。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants without an approved provider offer, people seeking unrestricted work or a digital-nomad stay, or those who cannot show funds, insurance, health, or character requirements.", "zh-Hans": "不适合没有认可机构录取、寻求不受限制工作或数字游民停留，或无法证明资金、保险、健康或品行要求的申请人。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "other", "eligibility": { "age": { "note_md": { "en": "If aged under 10 and not in an NZQA-approved hostel, a parent or legal guardian must accompany you and you must live with them while studying.", "zh-Hans": "若未满 10 岁且不住在 NZQA 认可宿舍，须有父母或法定监护人陪同并在学习期间与其同住。" } }, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "Must be offered a place on a course by an approved education provider that is a signatory to the Education (Pastoral Care of Tertiary and International Learners) Code of Practice 2021.", "zh-Hans": "必须获得认可教育机构的课程录取，且该机构为 2021 年教育（高等教育与国际学习者牧养关怀）实践守则签署方。" } }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": true, "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": false }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [ { "amount": 20000, "currency": "NZD", "period": "annual", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "Tertiary, English language or other non-compulsory study living costs: NZD $20,000 per year if studying 1 year or more, or NZD $1,667 per month if shorter. School years 1–13 use NZD $17,000 per year or NZD $1,417 per month. Plus tuition and outward travel funds.", "zh-Hans": "高等教育、英语或其他非义务教育生活费：学习满一年及以上每年 20,000 新西兰元，不足一年每月 1,667 新西兰元。小学至中学 1–13 年级为每年 17,000 或每月 1,417。另需学费与离境交通资金。" } } ], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Fee Paying Student Visa application fee (from)", "zh-Hans": "自费学生签证申请费（起价）" }, "amount": 850, "currency": "NZD", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable" }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "INZ states cost from NZD $850, processing 80% within 9.5 weeks, and strongly encourages applying 3 months before travel. Maximum stay up to 4 years; visa length usually matches paid study or passport validity if sooner.", "zh-Hans": "移民局说明费用起价 850 新西兰元，80% 在 9.5 周内处理，强烈建议出行前 3 个月申请。最长停留 4 年；签证时长通常与已付学费学习期或护照有效期（以较短者为准）一致。" }, "processing_time_months_min": 2, "processing_time_months_max": 3, "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": 48 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": "limited", "local_employment_allowed": "limited", "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": false }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "limited", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "limited", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": false, "note_md": { "en": "You cannot include a partner or dependent children in the student visa application; they may apply for visas based on their relationship to you.", "zh-Hans": "不能将伴侣或受抚养子女纳入学生签证申请；他们可基于与你的关系另行申请签证。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "A student visa is temporary. Later work or residence routes such as AEWV or Skilled Migrant Category may apply under their own rules after study.", "zh-Hans": "学生签证是临时的。学业后可能在各自规则下适用 AEWV 或技术移民等后续工作/居留途径。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "Student visa sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "学生签证来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 5, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "Core fees, funds, and work-hour rules are published by INZ, but work conditions and post-study options still need case-level checks.", "zh-Hans": "移民局公布了核心费用、资金与工时规则，但工作条件与毕业后选项仍需按案件核对。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 4, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "min_liquid_funds_usd": "unknown", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": false, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": "unknown", "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": "limited", "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "leads_to_pr": "indirect", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": 2, "processing_time_months_max": 3, "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" }, "source_ids": [ "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student", "new-zealand-inz-student-funds" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/fee-paying-student-visa/", "section": "Fee Paying Student Visa overview", "snapshot_id": "ed7d14590cb62662954caea0483ab5e5fec624052d9f513d74ba38c969d61a25", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/fee-paying-student-visa/", "section": "Fee Paying Student Visa overview", "snapshot_id": "ed7d14590cb62662954caea0483ab5e5fec624052d9f513d74ba38c969d61a25", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/fee-paying-student-visa/", "section": "Fee Paying Student Visa overview", "snapshot_id": "ed7d14590cb62662954caea0483ab5e5fec624052d9f513d74ba38c969d61a25", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/fee-paying-student-visa/", "section": "Fee Paying Student Visa overview", "snapshot_id": "ed7d14590cb62662954caea0483ab5e5fec624052d9f513d74ba38c969d61a25", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/fee-paying-student-visa/", "section": "Fee Paying Student Visa overview", "snapshot_id": "ed7d14590cb62662954caea0483ab5e5fec624052d9f513d74ba38c969d61a25", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/fee-paying-student-visa/", "section": "Fee Paying Student Visa overview", "snapshot_id": "ed7d14590cb62662954caea0483ab5e5fec624052d9f513d74ba38c969d61a25", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/fee-paying-student-visa/", "section": "Cost from NZD $850", "snapshot_id": "ed7d14590cb62662954caea0483ab5e5fec624052d9f513d74ba38c969d61a25", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" }, { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-student-funds", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/process-to-apply/applying-for-a-visa/providing-evidence-and-documents-to-support-your-visa-application/student-fund-requirements/", "section": "NZD $20,000 living costs per year tertiary", "snapshot_id": "5040e6e7e8466a0f3fc6e3261f21f1390550249519d227e7ff062e7246cf4a60", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/fee-paying-student-visa/", "section": "Fee Paying Student Visa overview", "snapshot_id": "ed7d14590cb62662954caea0483ab5e5fec624052d9f513d74ba38c969d61a25", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/fee-paying-student-visa/", "section": "Up to 4 years; 80% within 9.5 weeks", "snapshot_id": "ed7d14590cb62662954caea0483ab5e5fec624052d9f513d74ba38c969d61a25", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/fee-paying-student-visa/", "section": "work part-time up to 25 hours a week while studying", "snapshot_id": "ed7d14590cb62662954caea0483ab5e5fec624052d9f513d74ba38c969d61a25", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/fee-paying-student-visa/", "section": "Fee Paying Student Visa overview", "snapshot_id": "ed7d14590cb62662954caea0483ab5e5fec624052d9f513d74ba38c969d61a25", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/fee-paying-student-visa/", "section": "Fee Paying Student Visa overview", "snapshot_id": "ed7d14590cb62662954caea0483ab5e5fec624052d9f513d74ba38c969d61a25", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/fee-paying-student-visa/", "section": "Fee Paying Student Visa overview", "snapshot_id": "ed7d14590cb62662954caea0483ab5e5fec624052d9f513d74ba38c969d61a25", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/fee-paying-student-visa/", "section": "Fee Paying Student Visa overview", "snapshot_id": "ed7d14590cb62662954caea0483ab5e5fec624052d9f513d74ba38c969d61a25", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z", "summary": "Added NZ Fee Paying Student Visa from official INZ pages.", "source_ids": [ "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student", "new-zealand-inz-student-funds" ] } ] }, { "id": "new-zealand-skilled-migrant-category", "country_id": "new-zealand", "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Skilled Migrant Category Resident Visa", "zh-Hans": "技术移民类别居民签证" }, "aliases": [ "New Zealand SMC Resident Visa" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "This is New Zealand residence rather than a temporary work visa. It requires an expression of interest and invitation to apply under the Skilled Migrant Category rules.", "zh-Hans": "这是新西兰居留签证，而不是临时工作签证。根据技术移民类别规则，需要表达兴趣并发出申请邀请。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A New Zealand resident visa for applicants aged 55 or younger with an accredited-employer skilled job or offer, six skilled-resident points, English, and the other residence requirements.", "zh-Hans": "新西兰居民签证，适用于 55 岁或以下的申请人，拥有经认可的雇主技术工作或工作邀请、六个技术居民积分、英语和其他居住要求。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Skilled workers already in, or holding an offer of, qualifying accredited-employer work who can claim six points through occupation registration, qualification or income, and New Zealand skilled work experience.", "zh-Hans": "已经在合格的认可雇主工作中或持有合格雇主工作邀请的技术工人，可以通过职业注册、资格或收入以及新西兰技术工作经验获得六分。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants without a qualifying skilled job or offer, six points, English, or the health and character requirements for residence.", "zh-Hans": "申请人没有合格的技术工作或工作邀请、六分、英语或居住的健康和品格要求。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "points_invitation", "eligibility": { "age": { "max": 55 }, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown" }, "work_experience": { "note_md": { "en": "Up to three additional points can be claimed from skilled work experience in New Zealand; the exact points combination depends on the applicant profile.", "zh-Hans": "新西兰的技术工作经验最多可额外获得三分；确切的积分组合取决于申请人的个人资料。" } }, "language": [ { "language": "English", "note_md": { "en": "The applicant must speak and understand English.", "zh-Hans": "申请人必须会说并理解英语。" } } ], "health_check_required": true, "police_certificate_required": true, "points_based": true, "points_threshold": 6, "job_offer_required": true, "sponsor_required": true }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Resident visa application fee from", "zh-Hans": "居民签证申请费从" }, "amount": 6450, "currency": "NZD", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": true, "accepted_sources": [ "employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination", "proof_history_months": "unknown", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The job or offer must meet the skilled-job rules, including hours, duration, occupation level, and applicable wage conditions. The retained page does not reduce this to one universal income amount.", "zh-Hans": "工作或工作机会必须符合技术工作规则，包括工作时间、持续时间、职业级别和适用的工资条件。保留的页面不会将其减少为一个普遍收入金额。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "The visa lets the holder stay indefinitely. The application requires an expression of interest and invitation to apply.", "zh-Hans": "该签证允许持有人无限期居留。该申请需要表达兴趣并邀请申请。" }, "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": false, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": true, "children_allowed": true, "max_child_age": 24, "spouse_work_allowed": true, "dependent_parents_allowed": false, "note_md": { "en": "The SMC page allows inclusion of a partner and dependent children aged 24 or younger in the application.", "zh-Hans": "SMC 页面允许在申请中包含伴侣和 24 岁或以下的受抚养子女。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": true, "min_residence_years": 2, "summary_md": { "en": "After holding the resident visa for two years in a row, the holder can apply for a Permanent Resident Visa that permits indefinite travel in and out of New Zealand.", "zh-Hans": "连续持有居民签证两年后，持有人可以申请永久居民签证，允许无限期进出新西兰。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The page links citizenship guidance but does not establish an individual citizenship outcome.", "zh-Hans": "该页面链接了公民身份指南，但并未建立个人公民身份结果。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 5, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "Immigration New Zealand directly supports age, points, job, English, indefinite residence, family inclusion, and the two-year Permanent Resident Visa option. Wage and points combinations remain profile-specific and policy-sensitive.", "zh-Hans": "新西兰移民局直接支持年龄、积分、工作、英语、无限期居留、家庭成员随行和两年永久居民签证选项。工资和积分组合仍然是特定于个人资料且对政策敏感的。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 4, "cost_score": 5, "speed_score": 2, "permanence_score": 5, "family_friendliness_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "residence", "settlement_track": "residence", "pathway_mechanism": "points_invitation", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": false, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": true, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": true, "requires_local_entity": true, "allows_family": true, "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "leads_to_pr": true, "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z" }, "source_ids": [ "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa", "section": "SMC resident eligibility, points, duration, family, and permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "2c172883728961a55311ebca7b4ca6fff88c8b47fb98d66100bca6ec2ac83269", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa", "section": "SMC resident eligibility, points, duration, family, and permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "2c172883728961a55311ebca7b4ca6fff88c8b47fb98d66100bca6ec2ac83269", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa", "section": "SMC resident eligibility, points, duration, family, and permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "2c172883728961a55311ebca7b4ca6fff88c8b47fb98d66100bca6ec2ac83269", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa", "section": "SMC resident eligibility, points, duration, family, and permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "2c172883728961a55311ebca7b4ca6fff88c8b47fb98d66100bca6ec2ac83269", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa", "section": "SMC resident eligibility, points, duration, family, and permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "2c172883728961a55311ebca7b4ca6fff88c8b47fb98d66100bca6ec2ac83269", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa", "section": "SMC resident eligibility, points, duration, family, and permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "2c172883728961a55311ebca7b4ca6fff88c8b47fb98d66100bca6ec2ac83269", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa", "section": "SMC resident eligibility, points, duration, family, and permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "2c172883728961a55311ebca7b4ca6fff88c8b47fb98d66100bca6ec2ac83269", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa", "section": "SMC resident eligibility, points, duration, family, and permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "2c172883728961a55311ebca7b4ca6fff88c8b47fb98d66100bca6ec2ac83269", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa", "section": "SMC resident eligibility, points, duration, family, and permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "2c172883728961a55311ebca7b4ca6fff88c8b47fb98d66100bca6ec2ac83269", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa", "section": "SMC resident eligibility, points, duration, family, and permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "2c172883728961a55311ebca7b4ca6fff88c8b47fb98d66100bca6ec2ac83269", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa", "section": "SMC resident eligibility, points, duration, family, and permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "2c172883728961a55311ebca7b4ca6fff88c8b47fb98d66100bca6ec2ac83269", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa", "section": "SMC resident eligibility, points, duration, family, and permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "2c172883728961a55311ebca7b4ca6fff88c8b47fb98d66100bca6ec2ac83269", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa", "section": "SMC resident eligibility, points, duration, family, and permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "2c172883728961a55311ebca7b4ca6fff88c8b47fb98d66100bca6ec2ac83269", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa", "section": "SMC resident eligibility, points, duration, family, and permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "2c172883728961a55311ebca7b4ca6fff88c8b47fb98d66100bca6ec2ac83269", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z", "summary": "Added New Zealand Skilled Migrant Category Resident Visa fixture from retained Immigration New Zealand evidence.", "source_ids": [ "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident" ] } ] }, { "id": "portugal-d8-digital-nomad", "country_id": "portugal", "category_ids": [ "digital_nomad" ], "official_names": { "en": "Temporary stay visa and residence permit for digital nomads", "zh-Hans": "数字游牧民的临时居留签证和居留许可" }, "aliases": [ "Portugal D8", "Portugal digital nomad visa", "Remote work residence route" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "The retained official government article describes the route and documentary conditions but is dated 2022. Current amounts, procedural details, and residence outcomes require a fresh check.", "zh-Hans": "保留的官方政府文章描述了途径和文件条件，但日期为 2022 年。当前金额、程序细节和居留结果需要重新检查。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "Portugal's official government portal describes a temporary-stay visa and residence-permit route for digital nomads, with separate documentary conditions for employees and independent workers.", "zh-Hans": "葡萄牙官方政府门户网站描述了数字游牧民的临时居留签证和居留许可途径，并为雇员和独立工人提供了单独的文件条件。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Remote employees or independent workers who can document tax residence, the required recent income level, and an employment or service relationship.", "zh-Hans": "可以记录税务居住地、所需的近期收入水平以及雇佣或服务关系的远程员工或独立工人。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants who cannot document the stated income history, tax residence, or employment/service relationship. Current fees, duration, family rights, and settlement outcomes are not established by the retained source.", "zh-Hans": "无法记录所述收入历史、税务居住地或雇佣/服务关系的申请人。目前的费用、期限、家庭权利和和解结果不是由保留的来源确定的。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "remote_income", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown" }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": "unknown", "sponsor_required": "unknown" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": true, "min_income": [ { "amount": "variable", "currency": "EUR", "period": "monthly", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "The official article states an average monthly income over the last three months of at least four Portuguese minimum wages; the current monetary amount is not fixed in this record.", "zh-Hans": "官方文章指出，过去三个月的平均月收入至少达到葡萄牙最低工资的四倍；当前的货币金额在此记录中并未固定。" } } ], "accepted_sources": [ "remote_employment", "self_employment", "freelance" ], "income_location": "unknown", "proof_history_months": 3, "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The government article requires average monthly income over the last three months and different employment or independent-activity documents.", "zh-Hans": "政府文章要求过去三个月的平均月收入以及不同的就业或独立活动文件。" } }, "timeline": { "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": "unknown", "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": true, "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained government article does not establish a permanent-residence outcome for this route.", "zh-Hans": "保留的政府条款并未确定这条途径的永久居留结果。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained government article does not establish a citizenship outcome for this route.", "zh-Hans": "保留的政府文章并未确定这条途径的公民身份结果。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 2, "source_confidence_score": 4, "extraction_confidence_score": 4, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "The source is an official government article and the remote-work documentary conditions are explicit, but it was published in 2022 and does not cover every current program field.", "zh-Hans": "来源是政府官方文章，远程工作文件条件很明确，但它发表于 2022 年，并未涵盖当前的每个项目领域。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "permanence_score": 3, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "policy_stability_score": 2 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "unknown", "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "remote_income", "min_monthly_income_usd": "unknown", "accepts_remote_income": true, "accepts_self_employment": true, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": "unknown", "requires_degree": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": "unknown", "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": "unknown", "requires_local_entity": "unknown", "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": true, "leads_to_pr": "unknown", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 2, "source_confidence_score": 4, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z" }, "source_ids": [ "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence", "url": "https://www2.gov.pt/en/noticias/lei-dos-estrangeiros-pedidos-de-vistos-e-autorizacao-de-residencia-vao-ser-mais-simples", "section": "Temporary stay visa and residence permit for digital nomads", "snapshot_id": "dd5340ef12f02459b2b5c686f6b1ce4888c0b8c1f55de8655f85e46edda3f5ad", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence", "url": "https://www2.gov.pt/en/noticias/lei-dos-estrangeiros-pedidos-de-vistos-e-autorizacao-de-residencia-vao-ser-mais-simples", "section": "Temporary stay visa and residence permit for digital nomads", "snapshot_id": "dd5340ef12f02459b2b5c686f6b1ce4888c0b8c1f55de8655f85e46edda3f5ad", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence", "url": "https://www2.gov.pt/en/noticias/lei-dos-estrangeiros-pedidos-de-vistos-e-autorizacao-de-residencia-vao-ser-mais-simples", "section": "If you work as an employee / In the case of independent activity", "snapshot_id": "dd5340ef12f02459b2b5c686f6b1ce4888c0b8c1f55de8655f85e46edda3f5ad", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence", "url": "https://www2.gov.pt/en/noticias/lei-dos-estrangeiros-pedidos-de-vistos-e-autorizacao-de-residencia-vao-ser-mais-simples", "section": "Temporary stay visa and residence permit for digital nomads", "snapshot_id": "dd5340ef12f02459b2b5c686f6b1ce4888c0b8c1f55de8655f85e46edda3f5ad", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence", "url": "https://www2.gov.pt/en/noticias/lei-dos-estrangeiros-pedidos-de-vistos-e-autorizacao-de-residencia-vao-ser-mais-simples", "section": "Temporary stay visa and residence permit for digital nomads", "snapshot_id": "dd5340ef12f02459b2b5c686f6b1ce4888c0b8c1f55de8655f85e46edda3f5ad", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence", "url": "https://www2.gov.pt/en/noticias/lei-dos-estrangeiros-pedidos-de-vistos-e-autorizacao-de-residencia-vao-ser-mais-simples", "section": "If you work as an employee / In the case of independent activity", "snapshot_id": "dd5340ef12f02459b2b5c686f6b1ce4888c0b8c1f55de8655f85e46edda3f5ad", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence", "url": "https://www2.gov.pt/en/noticias/lei-dos-estrangeiros-pedidos-de-vistos-e-autorizacao-de-residencia-vao-ser-mais-simples", "section": "Temporary stay visa and residence permit for digital nomads", "snapshot_id": "dd5340ef12f02459b2b5c686f6b1ce4888c0b8c1f55de8655f85e46edda3f5ad", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence", "url": "https://www2.gov.pt/en/noticias/lei-dos-estrangeiros-pedidos-de-vistos-e-autorizacao-de-residencia-vao-ser-mais-simples", "section": "If you work as an employee / In the case of independent activity", "snapshot_id": "dd5340ef12f02459b2b5c686f6b1ce4888c0b8c1f55de8655f85e46edda3f5ad", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence", "url": "https://www2.gov.pt/en/noticias/lei-dos-estrangeiros-pedidos-de-vistos-e-autorizacao-de-residencia-vao-ser-mais-simples", "section": "Temporary stay visa and residence permit for digital nomads", "snapshot_id": "dd5340ef12f02459b2b5c686f6b1ce4888c0b8c1f55de8655f85e46edda3f5ad", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence", "url": "https://www2.gov.pt/en/noticias/lei-dos-estrangeiros-pedidos-de-vistos-e-autorizacao-de-residencia-vao-ser-mais-simples", "section": "Temporary stay visa and residence permit for digital nomads", "snapshot_id": "dd5340ef12f02459b2b5c686f6b1ce4888c0b8c1f55de8655f85e46edda3f5ad", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence", "url": "https://www2.gov.pt/en/noticias/lei-dos-estrangeiros-pedidos-de-vistos-e-autorizacao-de-residencia-vao-ser-mais-simples", "section": "Temporary stay visa to accompany a temporary stay visa applicant", "snapshot_id": "dd5340ef12f02459b2b5c686f6b1ce4888c0b8c1f55de8655f85e46edda3f5ad", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence", "url": "https://www2.gov.pt/en/noticias/lei-dos-estrangeiros-pedidos-de-vistos-e-autorizacao-de-residencia-vao-ser-mais-simples", "section": "Temporary stay visa and residence permit for digital nomads", "snapshot_id": "dd5340ef12f02459b2b5c686f6b1ce4888c0b8c1f55de8655f85e46edda3f5ad", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence", "url": "https://www2.gov.pt/en/noticias/lei-dos-estrangeiros-pedidos-de-vistos-e-autorizacao-de-residencia-vao-ser-mais-simples", "section": "Temporary stay visa and residence permit for digital nomads", "snapshot_id": "dd5340ef12f02459b2b5c686f6b1ce4888c0b8c1f55de8655f85e46edda3f5ad", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence", "url": "https://www2.gov.pt/en/noticias/lei-dos-estrangeiros-pedidos-de-vistos-e-autorizacao-de-residencia-vao-ser-mais-simples", "section": "Temporary stay visa and residence permit for digital nomads", "snapshot_id": "dd5340ef12f02459b2b5c686f6b1ce4888c0b8c1f55de8655f85e46edda3f5ad", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z", "summary": "Added a conservative remote-income fixture from the retained Portuguese Government Portal source.", "source_ids": [ "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence" ] } ] }, { "id": "portugal-employed-worker-residence", "country_id": "portugal", "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Residence for employed (subordinate) work", "zh-Hans": "受雇工作居留（从属职业活动）" }, "aliases": [ "Portugal work residence visa", "Residence visa for subordinate professional activity", "Portugal employed worker permit" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "The European Commission EU Immigration Portal describes Portugal’s employed-worker residence visa and temporary residence permit path. National portals (AIMA, MNE, IEFP) control current forms, quotas, and appointment practice, so this record needs human review at application time.", "zh-Hans": "欧盟移民门户描述了葡萄牙受雇工作居留签证与临时居留许可路径。国家门户（AIMA、MNE、IEFP）决定当前表格、配额与预约实践，申请时需人工复核本记录。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A Portuguese long-stay path for non-EU workers with a work contract or promise of contract for subordinate employment. Applicants typically obtain a residence visa abroad (about four months to enter and apply for a residence permit), then a temporary residence permit that is generally renewable. After five years of legal temporary residence, permanent or EC long-term residence may be available when language, means, and other conditions are met.", "zh-Hans": "面向持有从属雇佣合同或合同承诺的非欧盟劳动者的葡萄牙长期路径。申请人通常在境外取得居留签证（约四个月入境并申请居留许可），再获得一般可续期的临时居留许可。合法临时居留满五年后，在语言、经济能力等条件满足时可申请永久或欧盟长期居留。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Workers with a Portuguese employer relationship evidenced by a signed contract, promise of contract, or demonstrated employer interest plus qualifications, who can show means of subsistence, travel insurance, and related documents.", "zh-Hans": "适合能以已签合同、合同承诺或雇主明确意向加资格证明证明葡萄牙雇佣关系，并能出示生活费、旅行保险及相关材料的劳动者。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants without a qualifying employment link, pure remote digital-nomad stays without local employment (use the digital-nomad route instead), or people seeking a points-based skilled-migration system like Express Entry.", "zh-Hans": "不适合没有合格雇佣关系、纯远程数字游民停留（应使用数字游民途径），或寻求类似快速通道打分技术移民体系的申请人。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "The EU portal states you must prove a work contract, promise of contract, or the necessary qualifications and employer interest. A labour-market preference principle and IEFP publication of offers may apply; historical quota rules have been modified by later measures.", "zh-Hans": "欧盟门户说明须证明工作合同、合同承诺，或具备所需资格并获雇主意向。可能适用劳动力市场优先原则与 IEFP 职位发布；历史上的配额规则已被后续措施修改。" } }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": true, "sponsor_required": true }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [ { "amount": "unknown", "currency": "EUR", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "Sufficient means of subsistence are required for the visa and permit, referenced to Portuguese rules such as Order 1563/2007 on the EU portal. Exact current amounts are not fixed in this record.", "zh-Hans": "签证与许可要求足够生活费，欧盟门户引用如第 1563/2007 号法令等葡萄牙规则。当前具体金额未在本记录固定。" } } ], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": true, "accepted_sources": [ "employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The route is built around a subordinate employment contract or promise of contract in Portugal. If you lose your job, the EU portal says you need sufficient means of subsistence to renew the residence permit.", "zh-Hans": "该途径围绕葡萄牙从属雇佣合同或合同承诺。若失业，欧盟门户说明续期居留许可时须具备足够生活费。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "The residence visa allows stay for four months to apply for a residence permit after entry. As a general rule, a temporary residence permit is valid for one year and renewable for successive periods of two years (subject to later temporary measures).", "zh-Hans": "居留签证允许入境后停留四个月以申请居留许可。一般规则下，临时居留许可有效期一年，可连续续期两年（受后续临时措施影响）。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "initial_validity_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "limited" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "After at least five years of legal temporary residence, the EU portal describes a national permanent residence permit (basic Portuguese, means, accommodation) and an EC long-term residence status with additional resource and language conditions.", "zh-Hans": "合法临时居留至少五年后，欧盟门户描述国家永久居留许可（基本葡语、经济能力、住所）以及另有资源与语言条件的欧盟长期居留身份。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The employed-worker portal page focuses on residence and long-term residence, not naturalisation eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "受雇工作者门户页面侧重居留与长期居留，而非入籍资格。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "extraction_confidence_score": 4, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "Evidence is from the official EU Immigration Portal profile for Portugal. National agency names (SEF vs AIMA), quotas, and fees change; verify with MNE and AIMA before applying.", "zh-Hans": "证据来自欧盟移民门户的葡萄牙专题。国家机构名称（SEF 与 AIMA）、配额与费用会变化；申请前请与 MNE 和 AIMA 核实。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 4, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": false, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": true, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": false, "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "leads_to_pr": "indirect", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" }, "source_ids": [ "portugal-eu-employed-worker" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-employed-worker", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-portugal_en", "section": "Employed worker in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "d3bf824dc0a04cbfe3eb0b798b8f0dba957015b2a5a3d59a7603fe45dec44431", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-employed-worker", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-portugal_en", "section": "Employed worker in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "d3bf824dc0a04cbfe3eb0b798b8f0dba957015b2a5a3d59a7603fe45dec44431", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-employed-worker", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-portugal_en", "section": "Employed worker in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "d3bf824dc0a04cbfe3eb0b798b8f0dba957015b2a5a3d59a7603fe45dec44431", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-employed-worker", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-portugal_en", "section": "Employed worker in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "d3bf824dc0a04cbfe3eb0b798b8f0dba957015b2a5a3d59a7603fe45dec44431", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-employed-worker", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-portugal_en", "section": "Employed worker in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "d3bf824dc0a04cbfe3eb0b798b8f0dba957015b2a5a3d59a7603fe45dec44431", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-employed-worker", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-portugal_en", "section": "Work contract or promise of contract; IEFP labour market context", "snapshot_id": "d3bf824dc0a04cbfe3eb0b798b8f0dba957015b2a5a3d59a7603fe45dec44431", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-employed-worker", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-portugal_en", "section": "Employed worker in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "d3bf824dc0a04cbfe3eb0b798b8f0dba957015b2a5a3d59a7603fe45dec44431", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-employed-worker", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-portugal_en", "section": "Employed worker in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "d3bf824dc0a04cbfe3eb0b798b8f0dba957015b2a5a3d59a7603fe45dec44431", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-employed-worker", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-portugal_en", "section": "Residence visa four months; temporary permit one year renewable", "snapshot_id": "d3bf824dc0a04cbfe3eb0b798b8f0dba957015b2a5a3d59a7603fe45dec44431", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-employed-worker", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-portugal_en", "section": "Employed worker in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "d3bf824dc0a04cbfe3eb0b798b8f0dba957015b2a5a3d59a7603fe45dec44431", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-employed-worker", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-portugal_en", "section": "Employed worker in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "d3bf824dc0a04cbfe3eb0b798b8f0dba957015b2a5a3d59a7603fe45dec44431", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-employed-worker", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-portugal_en", "section": "Permanent residence permit and long-term residence", "snapshot_id": "d3bf824dc0a04cbfe3eb0b798b8f0dba957015b2a5a3d59a7603fe45dec44431", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-employed-worker", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-portugal_en", "section": "Employed worker in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "d3bf824dc0a04cbfe3eb0b798b8f0dba957015b2a5a3d59a7603fe45dec44431", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-employed-worker", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-portugal_en", "section": "Employed worker in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "d3bf824dc0a04cbfe3eb0b798b8f0dba957015b2a5a3d59a7603fe45dec44431", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z", "summary": "Added employed-worker residence coverage from the EU Immigration Portal Portugal profile.", "source_ids": [ "portugal-eu-employed-worker" ] } ] }, { "id": "portugal-student-residence", "country_id": "portugal", "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Residence for study (higher and secondary education)", "zh-Hans": "学习居留（高等教育与中等教育）" }, "aliases": [ "Portugal student residence visa", "Portugal study residence permit", "Residence visa for research, study, internship and volunteer work" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "The EU Immigration Portal describes a residence visa plus temporary residence permit path for studying in Portugal. A Portuguese government article also states that holders of a residence permit for research, study, internship or volunteer work may exercise subordinate or independent professional activity alongside the main activity and may register with IEFP.", "zh-Hans": "欧盟移民门户描述了在葡萄牙学习的居留签证加临时居留许可路径。葡萄牙政府文章亦说明，持研究、学习、实习或志愿服务居留许可者可在主要活动之外从事从属或独立职业活动，并可在 IEFP 登记。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A Portuguese study residence route for non-EU students admitted to higher or secondary education. Applicants usually obtain a residence visa (about four months to enter and apply for a residence permit), then a temporary residence permit that is typically valid for one year and renewable. Higher-education study time counts by half toward long-term residence. After studies, work is possible with a separate temporary residence permit.", "zh-Hans": "面向获高等或中等教育录取的非欧盟学生的葡萄牙学习居留途径。申请人通常取得居留签证（约四个月入境并申请居留许可），再获得一般一年有效、可续期的临时居留许可。高等教育学习时间按一半计入长期居留。学业结束后可凭单独的临时居留许可工作。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Students admitted to a Portuguese higher-education institution (or eligible secondary programme) who can show means of subsistence, insurance, and other visa and permit documents.", "zh-Hans": "适合获葡萄牙高等教育机构（或合资格中等教育项目）录取，并能出示生活费、保险及其他签证与许可材料的学生。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants without school admission, people seeking unrestricted work only without study, or a pure digital-nomad stay (Portugal has a separate digital-nomad route). Secondary-level students face stricter work limits on the EU portal profile.", "zh-Hans": "不适合没有学校录取、仅寻求不受限制工作而不学习，或纯数字游民停留的申请人（葡萄牙另有数字游民途径）。欧盟门户对中等教育学生工作限制更严。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "other", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "You must be admitted to a higher-education institution or secondary school. Secondary-education applicants are generally 14–21 and need host-family or accommodation arrangements under exchange or individual admission rules.", "zh-Hans": "必须获高等教育机构或中学录取。中等教育申请人一般为 14–21 岁，并需按交换或个人录取规则安排接待家庭或住宿。" } }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": false }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [ { "amount": "unknown", "currency": "EUR", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "The EU portal requires sufficient means of subsistence, travel insurance, and generally a return ticket for the visa stage. For the higher-education residence permit, confirmation of enrolment, fee payment, means, and health coverage are listed; some admitted higher-education students may be exempt from certain means or fee-payment evidence under Portuguese ordinance rules cited on the portal.", "zh-Hans": "欧盟门户在签证阶段要求足够生活费、旅行保险，并通常要求回程票。高等教育居留许可阶段列出注册确认、缴费、生活费与健康保险；按门户引用的葡萄牙法令，部分已录取高等教育学生可豁免部分生活费或缴费证明。" } } ], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The study route uses means of subsistence and school admission rather than an employment income threshold.", "zh-Hans": "学习途径使用生活费与学校录取要求，而不是就业收入门槛。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "A residence visa allows about four months in Portugal to apply for a residence permit. Higher-education temporary permits are generally valid for one year, renewable for further one-year periods or for the remaining study period if shorter. Secondary-education permits may not exceed one year, renewable for a further year if conditions remain met.", "zh-Hans": "居留签证允许在葡萄牙停留约四个月以申请居留许可。高等教育临时许可一般一年有效，可按一年续期或按剩余学习期（若更短）。中等教育许可最长一年，条件仍满足时可再续一年。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "initial_validity_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": "limited", "local_employment_allowed": "limited", "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": "limited" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": true, "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": false, "note_md": { "en": "The EU portal says residence-permit holders for study or student exchange (and some trainee or volunteer statuses) are entitled to family reunification with a spouse and minor or dependent children under stated rules.", "zh-Hans": "欧盟门户说明学习或学生交换（及部分实习或志愿服务身份）居留许可持有人，在规定规则下有权与配偶及未成年或受抚养子女团聚。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "Study residence is temporary. The EU portal states that the stay is taken into account by half when calculating residence for long-term or permanent residence. After studies, work requires obtaining the necessary temporary residence permit.", "zh-Hans": "学习居留是临时的。欧盟门户说明在计算长期或永久居留时，该停留时间按一半计入。学业结束后工作需另行取得必要的临时居留许可。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The student portal profile does not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "学生门户专题没有确认公民资格。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "extraction_confidence_score": 4, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "Primary detail is from the EU Immigration Portal; Portuguese consular checklists and AIMA practice may differ. The 2022 government article supports concurrent work rights for some study-related residence permits but is not a full fee schedule.", "zh-Hans": "主要细节来自欧盟移民门户；葡萄牙领事清单与 AIMA 实践可能不同。2022 年政府文章支持部分学习相关居留许可并行工作权利，但不是完整费用表。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 3, "family_friendliness_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 4, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": "unknown", "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": "unknown", "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": true, "work_allowed": "limited", "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "leads_to_pr": "indirect", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" }, "source_ids": [ "portugal-eu-student", "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-student", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-portugal_en", "section": "Student in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "acef8dc05e129fb512522b520e1e5c794d941509932c1e062a627be120099091", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-student", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-portugal_en", "section": "Student in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "acef8dc05e129fb512522b520e1e5c794d941509932c1e062a627be120099091", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-student", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-portugal_en", "section": "Student in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "acef8dc05e129fb512522b520e1e5c794d941509932c1e062a627be120099091", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-student", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-portugal_en", "section": "Student in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "acef8dc05e129fb512522b520e1e5c794d941509932c1e062a627be120099091", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-student", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-portugal_en", "section": "Student in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "acef8dc05e129fb512522b520e1e5c794d941509932c1e062a627be120099091", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-student", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-portugal_en", "section": "Student in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "acef8dc05e129fb512522b520e1e5c794d941509932c1e062a627be120099091", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-student", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-portugal_en", "section": "Student in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "acef8dc05e129fb512522b520e1e5c794d941509932c1e062a627be120099091", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-student", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-portugal_en", "section": "Student in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "acef8dc05e129fb512522b520e1e5c794d941509932c1e062a627be120099091", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-student", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-portugal_en", "section": "Residence visa four months; permit one year renewable", "snapshot_id": "acef8dc05e129fb512522b520e1e5c794d941509932c1e062a627be120099091", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-student", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-portugal_en", "section": "Employment during and after studies", "snapshot_id": "acef8dc05e129fb512522b520e1e5c794d941509932c1e062a627be120099091", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" }, { "source_id": "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence", "url": "https://www2.gov.pt/en/noticias/lei-dos-estrangeiros-pedidos-de-vistos-e-autorizacao-de-residencia-vao-ser-mais-simples", "section": "Holders of residence permit for research, study, internship or volunteer work", "snapshot_id": "dd5340ef12f02459b2b5c686f6b1ce4888c0b8c1f55de8655f85e46edda3f5ad", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-student", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-portugal_en", "section": "Family reunification for study residence", "snapshot_id": "acef8dc05e129fb512522b520e1e5c794d941509932c1e062a627be120099091", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-student", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-portugal_en", "section": "Long-term residence half credit for study stay", "snapshot_id": "acef8dc05e129fb512522b520e1e5c794d941509932c1e062a627be120099091", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-student", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-portugal_en", "section": "Student in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "acef8dc05e129fb512522b520e1e5c794d941509932c1e062a627be120099091", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-student", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-portugal_en", "section": "Student in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "acef8dc05e129fb512522b520e1e5c794d941509932c1e062a627be120099091", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z", "summary": "Added Portugal study residence coverage from the EU Immigration Portal and concurrent work note from the government Foreigners Act article.", "source_ids": [ "portugal-eu-student", "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence" ] } ] }, { "id": "singapore-employment-pass", "country_id": "singapore", "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Employment Pass", "zh-Hans": "就业准证" }, "aliases": [ "Singapore Employment Pass", "EP" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "Singapore MOM describes a two-stage Employment Pass eligibility framework. Salary thresholds and COMPASS rules are time-sensitive and remain flagged for human review.", "zh-Hans": "新加坡人力部描述了一个两阶段的就业准证资格框架。薪资阈值和 COMPASS 规则具有时间敏感性，并保留标记以供人工审核。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "An employer-sponsored Singapore work pass for foreign professionals, managers, and executives with a job offer in Singapore who meet the qualifying-salary and, unless exempted, COMPASS requirements.", "zh-Hans": "雇主担保的新加坡工作准证，适用于在新加坡获得工作机会且符合合格工资以及 COMPASS 要求（除非豁免）的外国专业人士、经理和高管。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Candidates with a Singapore job offer, an employer or appointed employment agent able to apply, and a fixed monthly salary meeting the age- and sector-sensitive qualifying threshold.", "zh-Hans": "拥有新加坡工作机会、能够申请的雇主或指定的职业代理、固定月薪符合年龄和行业敏感资格门槛的候选人。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants without a Singapore job offer or employer application route. The retained sources do not establish a universal degree, family, remote-work, or permanent-residence outcome.", "zh-Hans": "没有新加坡工作机会或雇主申请途径的申请人。保留的来源并不能确定普遍的学位、家庭、远程工作或永久居留结果。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "eligibility": { "age": { "points_sensitive": true }, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "Degree-equivalent qualifications can contribute COMPASS points, but MOM states candidates without them may still pass through other criteria.", "zh-Hans": "同等学位的资格可以贡献 COMPASS 分数，但人力部表示，没有这些资格的候选人仍然可以通过其他标准。" } }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": true, "points_threshold": 40, "job_offer_required": true, "sponsor_required": true }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": true, "min_income": [ { "amount": 5600, "currency": "SGD", "period": "monthly", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "Current minimum for all sectors except financial services; the threshold increases progressively with age and financial services has a higher threshold.", "zh-Hans": "目前除金融服务业外所有行业的最低标准；随着年龄的增长，门槛逐渐提高，金融服务的门槛也更高。" } } ], "accepted_sources": [ "employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination", "proof_history_months": "unknown", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The qualifying salary is a fixed monthly salary benchmarked to local PMET salaries by age and sector.", "zh-Hans": "合格工资是按年龄和行业以当地 PMET 工资为基准的固定月薪。" } }, "timeline": { "initial_validity_months": 24, "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "MOM's key-facts page notes eligible family passes but does not establish the family conditions in this source set.", "zh-Hans": "MOM 的关键事实页面记录了符合条件的家属准证，但并未在此源集中确定家庭条件。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained Employment Pass pages link to a permanent-residence question but do not establish a PR eligibility rule.", "zh-Hans": "保留的就业准证页面链接到永久居留问题，但没有建立永久居民资格规则。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained Employment Pass pages do not establish a citizenship pathway.", "zh-Hans": "保留的就业准证页面并不建立公民身份途径。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 5, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "Core eligibility, salary, COMPASS, employer application, duration, and renewal facts are retained from current MOM pages; family, PR, fees, and detailed document rules remain outside this fixture's claim set.", "zh-Hans": "核心资格、工资、COMPASS、雇主申请、期限和续签事实均从当前 MOM 页面保留；家庭、永久居留、费用和详细文件规则仍不属于本数据记录的事实范围。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 4, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 3, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "min_monthly_income_usd": "unknown", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": false, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": true, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": "unknown", "requires_local_entity": "unknown", "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "leads_to_pr": "unknown", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.952Z" }, "source_ids": [ "singapore-mom-employment-pass-key-facts", "singapore-mom-employment-pass-eligibility" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-employment-pass-key-facts", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/key-facts", "section": "Pass facts", "snapshot_id": "ff975b8b76ff8d661bb21e6ff2b26bc182d49d6eaaf066e07da39e2b08adf0fe", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.952Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-employment-pass-key-facts", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/key-facts", "section": "Pass facts", "snapshot_id": "ff975b8b76ff8d661bb21e6ff2b26bc182d49d6eaaf066e07da39e2b08adf0fe", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.952Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-employment-pass-key-facts", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/key-facts", "section": "Pass facts", "snapshot_id": "ff975b8b76ff8d661bb21e6ff2b26bc182d49d6eaaf066e07da39e2b08adf0fe", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.952Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-employment-pass-key-facts", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/key-facts", "section": "Pass facts", "snapshot_id": "ff975b8b76ff8d661bb21e6ff2b26bc182d49d6eaaf066e07da39e2b08adf0fe", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.952Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-employment-pass-key-facts", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/key-facts", "section": "Pass facts", "snapshot_id": "ff975b8b76ff8d661bb21e6ff2b26bc182d49d6eaaf066e07da39e2b08adf0fe", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.952Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-employment-pass-eligibility", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/eligibility", "section": "EP qualifying salary and COMPASS", "snapshot_id": "7ad08e55ddb1bd20bcbfbb0f5bb0d2a85f776264d2c42ea28f83728b521ab894", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.786Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-employment-pass-key-facts", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/key-facts", "section": "Pass facts", "snapshot_id": "ff975b8b76ff8d661bb21e6ff2b26bc182d49d6eaaf066e07da39e2b08adf0fe", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.952Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-employment-pass-eligibility", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/eligibility", "section": "EP qualifying salary and COMPASS", "snapshot_id": "7ad08e55ddb1bd20bcbfbb0f5bb0d2a85f776264d2c42ea28f83728b521ab894", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.786Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-employment-pass-key-facts", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/key-facts", "section": "Pass facts", "snapshot_id": "ff975b8b76ff8d661bb21e6ff2b26bc182d49d6eaaf066e07da39e2b08adf0fe", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.952Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-employment-pass-key-facts", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/key-facts", "section": "Pass facts", "snapshot_id": "ff975b8b76ff8d661bb21e6ff2b26bc182d49d6eaaf066e07da39e2b08adf0fe", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.952Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-employment-pass-key-facts", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/key-facts", "section": "Pass facts", "snapshot_id": "ff975b8b76ff8d661bb21e6ff2b26bc182d49d6eaaf066e07da39e2b08adf0fe", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.952Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-employment-pass-key-facts", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/key-facts", "section": "Pass facts", "snapshot_id": "ff975b8b76ff8d661bb21e6ff2b26bc182d49d6eaaf066e07da39e2b08adf0fe", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.952Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-employment-pass-key-facts", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/key-facts", "section": "Pass facts", "snapshot_id": "ff975b8b76ff8d661bb21e6ff2b26bc182d49d6eaaf066e07da39e2b08adf0fe", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.952Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-employment-pass-eligibility", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/eligibility", "section": "EP qualifying salary and COMPASS", "snapshot_id": "7ad08e55ddb1bd20bcbfbb0f5bb0d2a85f776264d2c42ea28f83728b521ab894", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.786Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.952Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.952Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.952Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.952Z", "summary": "Added a conservative Singapore Employment Pass fixture from retained MOM key-facts and eligibility evidence.", "source_ids": [ "singapore-mom-employment-pass-key-facts", "singapore-mom-employment-pass-eligibility" ] } ] }, { "id": "singapore-entrepass", "country_id": "singapore", "category_ids": [ "startup_entrepreneur" ], "official_names": { "en": "EntrePass", "zh-Hans": "创业通行证" }, "aliases": [ "Singapore EntrePass" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "MOM describes EntrePass as a route for eligible foreign entrepreneurs operating venture-backed or innovative-technology businesses. Qualification and renewal criteria are business-specific and remain flagged for human review.", "zh-Hans": "MOM 将创业通行证描述为符合条件的外国企业家经营风险投资或创新技术企业的途径。资格和续订标准是针对特定业务的，并且仍标记为供人工审核。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A Singapore own-company work pass for foreign entrepreneurs who start or operate an ACRA-registered private limited company, hold at least 30% of it, and meet at least one qualifying funding, accelerator, technology, IP, or research criterion.", "zh-Hans": "新加坡自有公司工作准证，适用于创办或经营 ACRA 注册私人有限公司、持有至少 30% 股份，并满足至少一项合格资金、加速器、技术、知识产权或研究标准的外国企业家。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Founders of venture-backed or innovative-technology companies who can meet the 30% ownership requirement and document at least one of MOM's qualifying entrepreneur, innovator, investor, or research criteria.", "zh-Hans": "风险投资支持或创新技术公司的创始人，可以满足 30% 的所有权要求，并至少记录 MOM 的一项合格企业家、创新者、投资者或研究标准。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Ordinary small businesses such as coffee shops, bars, employment agencies, and similar excluded businesses, or founders without the qualifying business profile. This is distinct from the standard employer-sponsored EP.", "zh-Hans": "普通小型企业，例如咖啡店、酒吧、职业介绍所和类似的排除企业，或不具备合格企业简介的创始人。这与标准的雇主赞助的 EP 不同。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "own_company", "eligibility": { "age": { "min": 18 }, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown" }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": false }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": false, "accepted_sources": [ "business_income", "self_employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination", "proof_history_months": "unknown", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "EntrePass eligibility is based on the company and qualifying founder/investor/innovation criteria rather than a universal personal income threshold.", "zh-Hans": "创业准证资格基于公司和合格的创始人/投资者/创新标准，而不是普遍的个人收入门槛。" } }, "business_setup": { "required": true, "entity_types": [ "Private limited company" ], "min_share_capital": [ { "amount": "unknown", "currency": "SGD", "applies_to": "business", "calculation": "minimum_total" } ], "local_director_required": true, "note_md": { "en": "ACRA states foreigners must use a Corporate Service Provider, meet local residency requirements, and have at least one local resident. Entrepreneurs with venture-backed or innovative-tech companies can apply for EntrePass before incorporation or within six months of setup.", "zh-Hans": "ACRA 规定外国人必须使用企业服务提供商、满足当地居住要求，并且至少拥有一名当地居民。拥有风投支持或创新科技公司的企业家可以在公司成立前或成立后六个月内申请创业准证。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "The retained overview page links to application and renewal procedures but does not state one processing-time value.", "zh-Hans": "保留的概述页面链接到申请和续订程序，但没有说明一个处理时间值。" }, "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": true }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": true, "children_allowed": true, "max_child_age": 21, "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": true, "note_md": { "en": "Family passes require business-spending and local-workforce thresholds. MOM lists Dependant's Pass for a legally married spouse and unmarried children under 21, and Long-Term Visit Pass routes for common-law spouses, certain children, and parents.", "zh-Hans": "家属准证需要商业支出和当地劳动力门槛。 MOM 列出了针对合法结婚配偶和 21 岁以下未婚子女的家属准证，以及针对同居配偶、某些子女和父母的长期访问准证途径。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained EntrePass, family, and ACRA pages do not establish a permanent-residence pathway.", "zh-Hans": "保留的创业准证、家庭和 ACRA 页面并未建立永久居留途径。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained EntrePass, family, and ACRA pages do not establish a citizenship pathway.", "zh-Hans": "保留的创业准证、家庭和 ACRA 页面并未建立公民身份途径。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 5, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "Current official MOM, ACRA, and family-pass pages provide direct evidence for ownership, company, qualifying-criterion, foreign-registration, local-residency, and family conditions; renewal and settlement details are not fully represented here.", "zh-Hans": "目前的官方 MOM、ACRA 和家属准证页面提供了所有权、公司、资格标准、外国人登记、当地居住和家庭条件的直接证据；此处未完整展示续订和定居详细信息。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 4, "cost_score": 4, "speed_score": 2, "permanence_score": 3, "family_friendliness_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "own_company", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": true, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": "not_applicable", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": "unknown", "requires_language_test": false, "requires_local_entity": true, "allows_family": true, "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "leads_to_pr": "unknown", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.855Z" }, "source_ids": [ "singapore-mom-entrepass-overview", "singapore-mom-entrepass-eligibility", "singapore-mom-entrepass-family", "singapore-acra-business-requirements" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-entrepass-eligibility", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/entrepass/eligibility", "section": "Who is eligible and requirements", "snapshot_id": "e01dd56c25ce613f44749ad8178502089dc1eacf74a3877be450cc24f16dcf8d", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.645Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-entrepass-overview", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/entrepass", "section": "EntrePass overview", "snapshot_id": "c5f2dd7c2c743f91a854b86171f1049a6f7a3a7561f6a4781ff54f6f98f90ece", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.855Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-entrepass-eligibility", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/entrepass/eligibility", "section": "Who is eligible and requirements", "snapshot_id": "e01dd56c25ce613f44749ad8178502089dc1eacf74a3877be450cc24f16dcf8d", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.645Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-entrepass-eligibility", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/entrepass/eligibility", "section": "Who is eligible and requirements", "snapshot_id": "e01dd56c25ce613f44749ad8178502089dc1eacf74a3877be450cc24f16dcf8d", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.645Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-entrepass-eligibility", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/entrepass/eligibility", "section": "Who is eligible and requirements", "snapshot_id": "e01dd56c25ce613f44749ad8178502089dc1eacf74a3877be450cc24f16dcf8d", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.645Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-entrepass-eligibility", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/entrepass/eligibility", "section": "Who is eligible and requirements", "snapshot_id": "e01dd56c25ce613f44749ad8178502089dc1eacf74a3877be450cc24f16dcf8d", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.645Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-entrepass-eligibility", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/entrepass/eligibility", "section": "Who is eligible and requirements", "snapshot_id": "e01dd56c25ce613f44749ad8178502089dc1eacf74a3877be450cc24f16dcf8d", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.645Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-entrepass-eligibility", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/entrepass/eligibility", "section": "Who is eligible and requirements", "snapshot_id": "e01dd56c25ce613f44749ad8178502089dc1eacf74a3877be450cc24f16dcf8d", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.645Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-entrepass-overview", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/entrepass", "section": "EntrePass overview", "snapshot_id": "c5f2dd7c2c743f91a854b86171f1049a6f7a3a7561f6a4781ff54f6f98f90ece", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.855Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-entrepass-overview", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/entrepass", "section": "EntrePass overview", "snapshot_id": "c5f2dd7c2c743f91a854b86171f1049a6f7a3a7561f6a4781ff54f6f98f90ece", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.855Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-entrepass-family", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/entrepass/passes-for-family", "section": "Passes for families", "snapshot_id": "2d062cd8c0598744eb6fa532fbe96fd2c461cea72085cdadad8e2fc5974121ce", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.757Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-entrepass-eligibility", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/entrepass/eligibility", "section": "Who is eligible and requirements", "snapshot_id": "e01dd56c25ce613f44749ad8178502089dc1eacf74a3877be450cc24f16dcf8d", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.645Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-entrepass-eligibility", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/entrepass/eligibility", "section": "Who is eligible and requirements", "snapshot_id": "e01dd56c25ce613f44749ad8178502089dc1eacf74a3877be450cc24f16dcf8d", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.645Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-entrepass-eligibility", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/entrepass/eligibility", "section": "Who is eligible and requirements", "snapshot_id": "e01dd56c25ce613f44749ad8178502089dc1eacf74a3877be450cc24f16dcf8d", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.645Z" } ], "/business_setup": [ { "source_id": "singapore-acra-business-requirements", "url": "https://www.acra.gov.sg/register/business/requirements-eligibility", "section": "Rules for foreigners and work pass options", "snapshot_id": "dba92bfc0a578fb2642c15550a869c32a9105f071a1ace6ca9294fa54e88863f", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:33.914Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.855Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.855Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.855Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.855Z", "summary": "Added a Singapore EntrePass own-company fixture from retained MOM, ACRA, and family-pass evidence.", "source_ids": [ "singapore-mom-entrepass-overview", "singapore-mom-entrepass-eligibility", "singapore-mom-entrepass-family", "singapore-acra-business-requirements" ] } ] }, { "id": "singapore-student-pass", "country_id": "singapore", "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Student's Pass", "zh-Hans": "学生准证（Student’s Pass）" }, "aliases": [ "Singapore Student Pass", "STP Singapore" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "ICA states that a foreigner accepted for full-time studies in Singapore generally needs a Student's Pass unless holding another qualifying pass. Procedures differ by institution type. Singapore has no dedicated digital-nomad visa in this record.", "zh-Hans": "ICA 说明获新加坡全日制课程录取的外国人一般需要学生准证，除非持有其他合资格准证。程序因院校类型而异。本记录不将新加坡描述为提供专门数字游民签证。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "Singapore's main study immigration pass for foreigners accepted into an approved full-time course. Part-time, evening, or weekend courses are not eligible. Holders of some other long-term passes may study without a Student's Pass for non-religious full-time courses while that pass remains valid.", "zh-Hans": "面向获批准全日制课程录取外国人的新加坡主要学习准证。兼职、晚间或周末课程不符合资格。部分其他长期准证持有人在准证有效期内可无需学生准证就读非宗教全日制课程。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Students accepted into an approved full-time Singapore course (IHL, private PEI, government school, etc. as listed by ICA) who need a dedicated study pass.", "zh-Hans": "适合获 ICA 所列批准全日制课程（高等院校、私立教育机构、政府学校等）录取并需要专门学习准证的学生。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Part-time or weekend-only students, people seeking unrestricted work or a digital-nomad stay, or applicants without acceptance into an approved full-time course.", "zh-Hans": "不适合仅兼职或周末学习、寻求不受限制工作或数字游民停留，或未被批准全日制课程录取的申请人。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "other", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "Must be accepted into an approved full-time course in Singapore. ICA lists different institution types (IHL, PEI, government schools, foreign system schools, ITE, kindergartens, etc.) with procedures that differ slightly by type.", "zh-Hans": "必须获新加坡批准全日制课程录取。ICA 列出不同院校类型（高等院校、私立教育机构、政府学校、外国体系学校、工艺教育学院、幼儿园等），程序因类型略有不同。" } }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": false }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable" }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "Application and collection procedures depend on institution type and ICA e-services. ICA requires appointment for completion of formalities when collecting the pass.", "zh-Hans": "申请与领取程序取决于院校类型与 ICA 电子服务。领取准证完成手续时 ICA 要求预约。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": "unknown", "local_employment_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": false, "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": false }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "A Student's Pass is for study. Permanent residence, if any, depends on later employment or other schemes under separate rules—not automatic from study alone.", "zh-Hans": "学生准证用于学习。永久居民（如有）取决于后续就业或其他计划的独立规则，并非仅凭学习自动获得。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "ICA Student's Pass pages do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "ICA 学生准证页面没有确认公民资格。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 4, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "ICA overview is clear on full-time course requirement; fees, work rights while studying, and processing times need institution-specific checks.", "zh-Hans": "ICA 概述对全日制课程要求清楚；费用、在学工作权利与处理时间需按院校类型核对。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 2, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": false, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": "unknown", "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": false, "leads_to_pr": "unknown", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" }, "source_ids": [ "singapore-ica-student-pass" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "singapore-ica-student-pass", "url": "https://www.ica.gov.sg/reside/STP/apply", "section": "Becoming a Student's Pass Holder", "snapshot_id": "ad7f1f9f0ab40029ef71dea184fc43e34e49e5103325a371ab26356800b772e4", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "singapore-ica-student-pass", "url": "https://www.ica.gov.sg/reside/STP/apply", "section": "Becoming a Student's Pass Holder", "snapshot_id": "ad7f1f9f0ab40029ef71dea184fc43e34e49e5103325a371ab26356800b772e4", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "singapore-ica-student-pass", "url": "https://www.ica.gov.sg/reside/STP/apply", "section": "Becoming a Student's Pass Holder", "snapshot_id": "ad7f1f9f0ab40029ef71dea184fc43e34e49e5103325a371ab26356800b772e4", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "singapore-ica-student-pass", "url": "https://www.ica.gov.sg/reside/STP/apply", "section": "Becoming a Student's Pass Holder", "snapshot_id": "ad7f1f9f0ab40029ef71dea184fc43e34e49e5103325a371ab26356800b772e4", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "singapore-ica-student-pass", "url": "https://www.ica.gov.sg/reside/STP/apply", "section": "Becoming a Student's Pass Holder", "snapshot_id": "ad7f1f9f0ab40029ef71dea184fc43e34e49e5103325a371ab26356800b772e4", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "singapore-ica-student-pass", "url": "https://www.ica.gov.sg/reside/STP/apply", "section": "Becoming a Student's Pass Holder", "snapshot_id": "ad7f1f9f0ab40029ef71dea184fc43e34e49e5103325a371ab26356800b772e4", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "singapore-ica-student-pass", "url": "https://www.ica.gov.sg/reside/STP/apply", "section": "Becoming a Student's Pass Holder", "snapshot_id": "ad7f1f9f0ab40029ef71dea184fc43e34e49e5103325a371ab26356800b772e4", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "singapore-ica-student-pass", "url": "https://www.ica.gov.sg/reside/STP/apply", "section": "Becoming a Student's Pass Holder", "snapshot_id": "ad7f1f9f0ab40029ef71dea184fc43e34e49e5103325a371ab26356800b772e4", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "singapore-ica-student-pass", "url": "https://www.ica.gov.sg/reside/STP/apply", "section": "Becoming a Student's Pass Holder", "snapshot_id": "ad7f1f9f0ab40029ef71dea184fc43e34e49e5103325a371ab26356800b772e4", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "singapore-ica-student-pass", "url": "https://www.ica.gov.sg/reside/STP/apply", "section": "Becoming a Student's Pass Holder", "snapshot_id": "ad7f1f9f0ab40029ef71dea184fc43e34e49e5103325a371ab26356800b772e4", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "singapore-ica-student-pass", "url": "https://www.ica.gov.sg/reside/STP/apply", "section": "Becoming a Student's Pass Holder", "snapshot_id": "ad7f1f9f0ab40029ef71dea184fc43e34e49e5103325a371ab26356800b772e4", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "singapore-ica-student-pass", "url": "https://www.ica.gov.sg/reside/STP/apply", "section": "Becoming a Student's Pass Holder", "snapshot_id": "ad7f1f9f0ab40029ef71dea184fc43e34e49e5103325a371ab26356800b772e4", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "singapore-ica-student-pass", "url": "https://www.ica.gov.sg/reside/STP/apply", "section": "Becoming a Student's Pass Holder", "snapshot_id": "ad7f1f9f0ab40029ef71dea184fc43e34e49e5103325a371ab26356800b772e4", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "singapore-ica-student-pass", "url": "https://www.ica.gov.sg/reside/STP/apply", "section": "Becoming a Student's Pass Holder", "snapshot_id": "ad7f1f9f0ab40029ef71dea184fc43e34e49e5103325a371ab26356800b772e4", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z", "summary": "Added Singapore Student's Pass from official ICA page.", "source_ids": [ "singapore-ica-student-pass" ] } ] }, { "id": "spain-digital-nomad", "country_id": "spain", "category_ids": [ "digital_nomad" ], "official_names": { "en": "International teleworker residence authorisation", "zh-Hans": "国际远程工作者居留许可" }, "aliases": [ "Spain digital nomad visa", "International teleworker authorisation", "UGE teleworker route" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "The retained UGE page establishes the international-teleworker route. Detailed financial, family, fee, and duration fields remain unknown until the official FAQ can be fetched and verified.", "zh-Hans": "保留的 UGE 页面建立国际远程工作人员途径。在获取并验证官方常见问题解答之前，详细的财务、家庭、费用和期限字段仍然未知。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "Spain's UGE describes an international-teleworker route for third-country nationals working remotely for companies outside Spain through computer, telematic, and telecommunications systems.", "zh-Hans": "西班牙的 UGE 描述了一种国际远程工作途径，供第三国国民通过计算机、远程信息处理和电信系统为西班牙境外的公司远程工作。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Third-country nationals whose employment or professional activity can be performed remotely for a company outside Spain using computer, telematic, and telecommunications systems.", "zh-Hans": "可以使用计算机、远程信息处理和电信系统为西班牙境外的公司远程执行就业或专业活动的第三国国民。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "People whose work requires on-site activity or whose employment relationship is not with an organization outside Spain. Current income, family, fee, duration, and settlement details need the official FAQ evidence.", "zh-Hans": "工作需要现场活动或与西班牙境外组织没有雇佣关系的人员。目前的收入、家庭、费用、期限和定居详细信息需要官方常见问题解答证据。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "remote_income", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown" }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": "unknown", "sponsor_required": "unknown" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": "unknown", "accepted_sources": [ "remote_employment", "self_employment", "unknown" ], "income_location": "outside_destination", "proof_history_months": "unknown", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The retained UGE page establishes work for companies outside Spain but does not state the financial-resource threshold.", "zh-Hans": "保留的 UGE 页面为西班牙境外的公司提供了工作机会，但没有说明财务资源门槛。" } }, "timeline": { "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": "unknown", "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": true, "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained UGE page does not establish a permanent-residence outcome for this authorisation.", "zh-Hans": "保留的 UGE 页面并不为此授权建立永久居留结果。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained UGE page does not establish a citizenship outcome for this authorisation.", "zh-Hans": "保留的 UGE 页面并未确定此授权的公民身份结果。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 3, "extraction_confidence_score": 4, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "The official UGE page establishes the route definition and legal reference, but the detailed FAQ was unavailable to the collector during this baseline and is intentionally not used for claims.", "zh-Hans": "官方 UGE 页面建立了途径定义和法律参考，但在此基线期间收集者无法获得详细的常见问题解答，并且有意不用于支持事实陈述。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "permanence_score": 3, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 3, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "unknown", "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "remote_income", "accepts_remote_income": true, "accepts_self_employment": "unknown", "accepts_overseas_remote_income": true, "requires_degree": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": "unknown", "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": "unknown", "requires_local_entity": "unknown", "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": true, "leads_to_pr": "unknown", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 3, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z" }, "source_ids": [ "spain-uge-international-teleworkers" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "spain-uge-international-teleworkers", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores", "section": "Teletrabajadores de carácter internacional", "snapshot_id": "5e974375c4d0af532196b053e1eb3b0cdaba2199ecb74707dba14cf7b327f164", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "spain-uge-international-teleworkers", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores", "section": "Teletrabajadores de carácter internacional / Art.74 bis Ley 14/2013", "snapshot_id": "5e974375c4d0af532196b053e1eb3b0cdaba2199ecb74707dba14cf7b327f164", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "spain-uge-international-teleworkers", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores", "section": "Teletrabajadores de carácter internacional", "snapshot_id": "5e974375c4d0af532196b053e1eb3b0cdaba2199ecb74707dba14cf7b327f164", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "spain-uge-international-teleworkers", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores", "section": "Teletrabajadores de carácter internacional", "snapshot_id": "5e974375c4d0af532196b053e1eb3b0cdaba2199ecb74707dba14cf7b327f164", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "spain-uge-international-teleworkers", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores", "section": "Teletrabajadores de carácter internacional / Art.74 bis Ley 14/2013", "snapshot_id": "5e974375c4d0af532196b053e1eb3b0cdaba2199ecb74707dba14cf7b327f164", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "spain-uge-international-teleworkers", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores", "section": "Teletrabajadores de carácter internacional", "snapshot_id": "5e974375c4d0af532196b053e1eb3b0cdaba2199ecb74707dba14cf7b327f164", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "spain-uge-international-teleworkers", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores", "section": "Teletrabajadores de carácter internacional", "snapshot_id": "5e974375c4d0af532196b053e1eb3b0cdaba2199ecb74707dba14cf7b327f164", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "spain-uge-international-teleworkers", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores", "section": "Teletrabajadores de carácter internacional", "snapshot_id": "5e974375c4d0af532196b053e1eb3b0cdaba2199ecb74707dba14cf7b327f164", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "spain-uge-international-teleworkers", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores", "section": "Teletrabajadores de carácter internacional", "snapshot_id": "5e974375c4d0af532196b053e1eb3b0cdaba2199ecb74707dba14cf7b327f164", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "spain-uge-international-teleworkers", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores", "section": "Teletrabajadores de carácter internacional", "snapshot_id": "5e974375c4d0af532196b053e1eb3b0cdaba2199ecb74707dba14cf7b327f164", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "spain-uge-international-teleworkers", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores", "section": "Preguntas frecuentes", "snapshot_id": "5e974375c4d0af532196b053e1eb3b0cdaba2199ecb74707dba14cf7b327f164", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "spain-uge-international-teleworkers", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores", "section": "Teletrabajadores de carácter internacional", "snapshot_id": "5e974375c4d0af532196b053e1eb3b0cdaba2199ecb74707dba14cf7b327f164", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "spain-uge-international-teleworkers", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores", "section": "Teletrabajadores de carácter internacional", "snapshot_id": "5e974375c4d0af532196b053e1eb3b0cdaba2199ecb74707dba14cf7b327f164", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "spain-uge-international-teleworkers", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores", "section": "Teletrabajadores de carácter internacional / Art.74 bis Ley 14/2013", "snapshot_id": "5e974375c4d0af532196b053e1eb3b0cdaba2199ecb74707dba14cf7b327f164", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z", "update_frequency_days": 7, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z", "summary": "Added a conservative international-teleworker fixture from the retained Spanish UGE source.", "source_ids": [ "spain-uge-international-teleworkers" ] } ] }, { "id": "spain-highly-qualified-professionals", "country_id": "spain", "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Residence authorisation for highly qualified professionals", "zh-Hans": "高技能专业人士居留许可" }, "aliases": [ "Spain highly qualified professional permit", "UGE highly qualified professional route" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "The Spanish Ministry of Inclusion describes this as a temporary residence-and-work authorisation. The ministry page was last updated in May 2025 and notes that the rules in force when the application is filed control.", "zh-Hans": "西班牙包容、社会保障和移民部将其描述为临时居留和工作许可。该部页面最后更新于 2025 年 5 月，并说明申请提交时有效的规则才具有决定作用。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "An employer-linked Spanish residence-and-work route for a foreign professional who will perform work requiring higher-education qualifications or, exceptionally, equivalent professional experience.", "zh-Hans": "面向与雇主相关联的西班牙居留和工作途径，适用于从事需要高等教育学历，或在特殊情况下需要相当专业经验的外国专业人士。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Professionals with a Spanish employment arrangement and an employer able to support the mobility-international application and provide the required qualification or experience evidence.", "zh-Hans": "适合拥有西班牙雇佣安排，且雇主能够支持国际流动申请并提供所需学历或经验证明的专业人士。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants seeking self-sponsored remote work, a visitor route, or a path with a known salary threshold or direct PR outcome that is not established in the retained official pages.", "zh-Hans": "不适合寻求自我担保远程工作、访问者途径，或需要已知薪资门槛和直接永久居留结果但保留官方页面尚未确认这些内容的申请人。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown" }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": true, "sponsor_required": true }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": true, "min_income": [ { "amount": "unknown", "currency": "EUR", "period": "monthly", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total" } ], "accepted_sources": [ "employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The retained official pages establish the qualified-employment route but do not expose a stable current salary threshold in the extracted evidence.", "zh-Hans": "保留的官方页面确立了高技能就业途径，但提取的证据没有显示稳定的当前薪资门槛。" } }, "timeline": { "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "limited", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "limited", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained highly qualified professional sources do not establish a permanent-residence outcome.", "zh-Hans": "保留的高技能专业人士来源没有确认永久居留结果。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained highly qualified professional sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "保留的高技能专业人士来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "extraction_confidence_score": 4, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "The route is supported by current Ministry of Inclusion pages, but the pages are orientative and detailed case requirements should be checked at filing.", "zh-Hans": "该途径有当前包容部页面支持，但页面仅供指导，递交申请时应核对案件详细要求。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "settlement_track": "residence", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": false, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": true, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": "unknown", "requires_local_entity": true, "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "leads_to_pr": "unknown", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.915Z" }, "source_ids": [ "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-initial", "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-renewal" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-initial", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/66.-autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-y-trabajo-de-profesionales-altamente-cualificados", "section": "Temporary residence-and-work authorisation and May 2025 update note", "snapshot_id": "ad3df76bd383204a44432daeecb814c92669dda9470fb56f2df28042d3773c36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:38.831Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-initial", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/66.-autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-y-trabajo-de-profesionales-altamente-cualificados", "section": "Type of authorisation and higher-education or exceptional experience route", "snapshot_id": "ad3df76bd383204a44432daeecb814c92669dda9470fb56f2df28042d3773c36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:38.831Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-initial", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/66.-autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-y-trabajo-de-profesionales-altamente-cualificados", "section": "Requirements for qualified employment and supporting documentation", "snapshot_id": "ad3df76bd383204a44432daeecb814c92669dda9470fb56f2df28042d3773c36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:38.831Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-initial", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/66.-autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-y-trabajo-de-profesionales-altamente-cualificados", "section": "Route limitations and rules in force at filing", "snapshot_id": "ad3df76bd383204a44432daeecb814c92669dda9470fb56f2df28042d3773c36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:38.831Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-initial", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/66.-autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-y-trabajo-de-profesionales-altamente-cualificados", "section": "Employer-linked highly qualified professional authorisation", "snapshot_id": "ad3df76bd383204a44432daeecb814c92669dda9470fb56f2df28042d3773c36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:38.831Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-initial", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/66.-autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-y-trabajo-de-profesionales-altamente-cualificados", "section": "Qualification and employment requirements", "snapshot_id": "ad3df76bd383204a44432daeecb814c92669dda9470fb56f2df28042d3773c36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:38.831Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-initial", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/66.-autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-y-trabajo-de-profesionales-altamente-cualificados", "section": "Required documentation and fees not established", "snapshot_id": "ad3df76bd383204a44432daeecb814c92669dda9470fb56f2df28042d3773c36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:38.831Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-initial", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/66.-autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-y-trabajo-de-profesionales-altamente-cualificados", "section": "Salary threshold not established in retained extraction", "snapshot_id": "ad3df76bd383204a44432daeecb814c92669dda9470fb56f2df28042d3773c36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:38.831Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-renewal", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/67.-renovacion-de-la-autorizacion-de-residencia-temporal-y-trabajo-de-profesionales-altamente-cualificados", "section": "Initial authorisation and renewal procedure", "snapshot_id": "f3fa8602451de3271c5ac11970a29d981bb6f2328f766e06042e74ddef27df47", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.274Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-initial", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/66.-autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-y-trabajo-de-profesionales-altamente-cualificados", "section": "Residence and work authorisation", "snapshot_id": "ad3df76bd383204a44432daeecb814c92669dda9470fb56f2df28042d3773c36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:38.831Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-renewal", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/67.-renovacion-de-la-autorizacion-de-residencia-temporal-y-trabajo-de-profesionales-altamente-cualificados", "section": "Family mobility application forms and eligible family classes", "snapshot_id": "f3fa8602451de3271c5ac11970a29d981bb6f2328f766e06042e74ddef27df47", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.274Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-initial", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/66.-autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-y-trabajo-de-profesionales-altamente-cualificados", "section": "Permanent residence not established", "snapshot_id": "ad3df76bd383204a44432daeecb814c92669dda9470fb56f2df28042d3773c36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:38.831Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-initial", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/66.-autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-y-trabajo-de-profesionales-altamente-cualificados", "section": "Citizenship not established", "snapshot_id": "ad3df76bd383204a44432daeecb814c92669dda9470fb56f2df28042d3773c36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:38.831Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-initial", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/66.-autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-y-trabajo-de-profesionales-altamente-cualificados", "section": "Conservative highly qualified professional filter fields", "snapshot_id": "ad3df76bd383204a44432daeecb814c92669dda9470fb56f2df28042d3773c36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:38.831Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T12:27:41Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T12:27:41Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.915Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T12:27:41Z", "summary": "Added Spain Residence authorisation for highly qualified professionals coverage from official government evidence.", "source_ids": [ "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-initial", "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-renewal" ] } ] }, { "id": "spain-study-stay", "country_id": "spain", "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Long-stay study authorisation", "zh-Hans": "长期学习居留许可" }, "aliases": [ "Spain study visa", "Study stay authorisation", "Estancia por estudios" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "Spain distinguishes study stays exceeding 90 days from shorter study stays. The Ministry of Inclusion and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs publish the study-stay and visa requirements.", "zh-Hans": "西班牙区分超过 90 天的学习停留和较短的学习停留。包容部和外交部公布学习停留及签证要求。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A temporary study-stay route for higher education, post-compulsory secondary education, student mobility, volunteering, and specified training activities lasting more than 90 days.", "zh-Hans": "面向高等教育、义务后中等教育、学生流动、志愿服务和特定培训活动的临时学习停留途径，适用于超过 90 天的项目。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Students accepted by an eligible Spanish programme who can show acceptance, financial means, health insurance, and the required identity, health, and criminal-record documents.", "zh-Hans": "适合被西班牙合资格课程录取，并能够证明录取、经济能力、医疗保险以及所需身份、健康和犯罪记录材料的学生。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants seeking unrestricted employment, a direct permanent-residence route, or a short stay that does not require this long-stay study authorisation.", "zh-Hans": "不适合寻求不受限制就业、直接永久居留途径，或不需要长期学习居留许可的短期停留申请人。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "other", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown" }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": true, "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": false }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [ { "amount": "unknown", "currency": "EUR", "period": "monthly", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "The official consular guidance states that the minimum financial means are equivalent to 100% of Spain's IPREM; the amount changes with the applicable IPREM.", "zh-Hans": "官方领事指南说明，最低经济能力相当于西班牙 IPREM 的 100%；金额会随适用的 IPREM 变化。" } } ], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable" }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "The retained sources do not establish a universal processing time. For study stays longer than six months, the consular page states that the visa is valid for one year and the student must apply for a Foreigner Identity Card within one month of entry.", "zh-Hans": "保留的来源没有确认统一的处理时间。对于超过六个月的学习停留，领事页面说明签证有效期为一年，学生必须在入境后一个月内申请外国人身份证。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "initial_validity_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": "unknown", "local_employment_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": false, "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": false }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "limited", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "limited", "spouse_work_allowed": false, "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained study-stay sources do not establish a permanent-residence outcome.", "zh-Hans": "保留的学习停留来源没有确认永久居留结果。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained study-stay sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "保留的学习停留来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "extraction_confidence_score": 4, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "The route is supported by Spanish government and consular pages, but programme-specific work, renewal, and post-study outcomes require case-level review.", "zh-Hans": "该途径有西班牙政府和领事页面支持，但课程特定工作、续签和毕业后结果需要按案件复核。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": false, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": false, "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": "unknown", "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": false, "leads_to_pr": "unknown", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.915Z" }, "source_ids": [ "spain-inclusion-study-stay", "spain-exteriores-study-visa" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-study-stay", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/estancia-por-estudios", "section": "Study-stay authorisation exceeding 90 days", "snapshot_id": "6efe619ac199ae118355eaa42396c0b5654d1540c3ea9077bba894ddaabf1730", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.915Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-study-stay", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/estancia-por-estudios", "section": "Eligible study, mobility, volunteering, and training activities", "snapshot_id": "6efe619ac199ae118355eaa42396c0b5654d1540c3ea9077bba894ddaabf1730", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.915Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-study-stay", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/estancia-por-estudios", "section": "Study-stay requirements and application documents", "snapshot_id": "6efe619ac199ae118355eaa42396c0b5654d1540c3ea9077bba894ddaabf1730", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.915Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-study-stay", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/estancia-por-estudios", "section": "90-day boundary and study route limitations", "snapshot_id": "6efe619ac199ae118355eaa42396c0b5654d1540c3ea9077bba894ddaabf1730", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.915Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-study-stay", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/estancia-por-estudios", "section": "Admission to eligible study activity", "snapshot_id": "6efe619ac199ae118355eaa42396c0b5654d1540c3ea9077bba894ddaabf1730", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.915Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-study-stay", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/estancia-por-estudios", "section": "Study-stay eligibility and health documentation", "snapshot_id": "6efe619ac199ae118355eaa42396c0b5654d1540c3ea9077bba894ddaabf1730", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.915Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "spain-exteriores-study-visa", "url": "https://www.exteriores.gob.es/Consulados/londres/en/ServiciosConsulares/Paginas/Consular/Visado-de-estudios.aspx", "section": "Proof of financial means and 100% IPREM rule", "snapshot_id": "e02236687966fe4d8cab98946961ee8bdcdb787d74549541abc661b84a914bb8", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:31.782Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-study-stay", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/estancia-por-estudios", "section": "Study route does not use an employment-income requirement", "snapshot_id": "6efe619ac199ae118355eaa42396c0b5654d1540c3ea9077bba894ddaabf1730", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.915Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "spain-exteriores-study-visa", "url": "https://www.exteriores.gob.es/Consulados/londres/en/ServiciosConsulares/Paginas/Consular/Visado-de-estudios.aspx", "section": "Long-stay visa validity and Foreigner Identity Card timing", "snapshot_id": "e02236687966fe4d8cab98946961ee8bdcdb787d74549541abc661b84a914bb8", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:31.782Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-study-stay", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/estancia-por-estudios", "section": "Study purpose and work rights requiring further review", "snapshot_id": "6efe619ac199ae118355eaa42396c0b5654d1540c3ea9077bba894ddaabf1730", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.915Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-study-stay", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/estancia-por-estudios", "section": "Family visa availability and non-work condition", "snapshot_id": "6efe619ac199ae118355eaa42396c0b5654d1540c3ea9077bba894ddaabf1730", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.915Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-study-stay", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/estancia-por-estudios", "section": "Permanent residence not established", "snapshot_id": "6efe619ac199ae118355eaa42396c0b5654d1540c3ea9077bba894ddaabf1730", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.915Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-study-stay", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/estancia-por-estudios", "section": "Citizenship not established", "snapshot_id": "6efe619ac199ae118355eaa42396c0b5654d1540c3ea9077bba894ddaabf1730", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.915Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-study-stay", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/estancia-por-estudios", "section": "Conservative study-stay filter fields", "snapshot_id": "6efe619ac199ae118355eaa42396c0b5654d1540c3ea9077bba894ddaabf1730", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.915Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T12:27:41Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T12:27:41Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.915Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T12:27:41Z", "summary": "Added Spain Long-stay study authorisation coverage from official government evidence.", "source_ids": [ "spain-inclusion-study-stay", "spain-exteriores-study-visa" ] } ] }, { "id": "uae-free-zone-investor", "country_id": "uae", "category_ids": [ "startup_entrepreneur", "investor" ], "official_names": { "en": "Free-zone company and Green Residence — partner/investor", "zh-Hans": "自由区公司和绿色居留——合作伙伴/投资者" }, "aliases": [ "UAE Free-zone Investor Residence", "Dubai Free-zone Partner/Investor Green Residence" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "This fixture combines an official DMCC free-zone company setup path with the Dubai GDRFA partner/investor Green Residence service. The government portal's broader Green Visa pages remain supplementary and are not used for claims here.", "zh-Hans": "本数据记录将官方 DMCC 自由区公司设立路径与迪拜 GDRFA 合作伙伴/投资者绿色居留服务结合起来。政府门户网站更广泛的绿色签证页面仍然是补充性的，不用于此处的事实陈述。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A company-owner route pairing DMCC free-zone company formation with Dubai's Green Residence permit for an investor or partner in a commercial project.", "zh-Hans": "公司所有者途径，将 DMCC 自由区公司组建与商业项目投资者或合作伙伴的迪拜绿色居留许可配对。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Founders or partners who need a UAE free-zone company, can provide ownership and business documents, and want a renewable five-year residence permit tied to their partner/investor status.", "zh-Hans": "需要阿联酋自由区公司的创始人或合作伙伴可以提供所有权和商业文件，并希望获得与其合作伙伴/投资者身份相关的可更新的五年居留许可。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants seeking a passive residence route without a company or commercial-project role, or those who need a published universal setup cost, family entitlement, or permanent-residence outcome.", "zh-Hans": "寻求没有公司或商业项目角色的被动居留途径的申请人，或者需要公布的通用设立成本、家庭权利或永久居留结果的申请人。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "own_company", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown" }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": false }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "GDRFA residence permit fee", "zh-Hans": "GDRFA 居留许可费" }, "amount": 200, "currency": "AED", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": false, "accepted_sources": [ "business_income", "self_employment" ], "income_location": "not_applicable", "proof_history_months": "unknown", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The retained setup and residence sources do not state a universal income minimum for this partner/investor route.", "zh-Hans": "保留的设立与居留来源并未说明此合作伙伴/投资者途径的普遍收入最低标准。" } }, "business_setup": { "required": true, "entity_types": [ "Individual", "Subsidiary", "Branch", "Free Zone Company" ], "min_setup_cost": [ { "amount": 10345, "currency": "AED", "period": "one_time", "applies_to": "business", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "DMCC publishes a setup-cost range that varies by business type, licence duration, and office solution; this is the lower end of the published range.", "zh-Hans": "DMCC 发布了一个设立成本范围，该范围因业务类型、许可证期限和办公解决方案而异；这是已发布范围的下限。" } } ], "local_director_required": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "DMCC describes a digital formation process, shareholder and ownership documents, business information, a registered office solution, and an electronic licence. GDRFA requires partnership/MOA or investment-contract evidence and a trade licence for the residence permit.", "zh-Hans": "DMCC 描述了线上设立流程、股东和所有权文件、商业信息、注册办事处解决方案和电子许可证。 GDRFA 需要合伙/MOA 或投资合同证据以及居留许可的贸易许可证。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "DMCC says company formation typically takes around 10 working days depending on documents and approvals. GDRFA lists 48 hours as the expected completion time for the residence service.", "zh-Hans": "DMCC 表示，公司成立通常需要 10 个工作日左右，具体取决于文件和批准。 GDRFA 将 48 小时列为居住服务的预计完成时间。" }, "initial_validity_months": 60, "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": 60 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": true, "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": true }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "The retained DMCC and GDRFA service pages do not establish the family sponsorship conditions for this fixture.", "zh-Hans": "保留的 DMCC 和 GDRFA 服务页面并未规定此赛事的家庭赞助条件。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained company-setup and Green Residence service pages do not establish a permanent-residence pathway.", "zh-Hans": "保留的公司设立和绿色居住服务页面并未建立永久居留途径。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained company-setup and Green Residence service pages do not establish a citizenship pathway.", "zh-Hans": "保留的公司设立和绿色居留服务页面并未建立公民身份途径。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "extraction_confidence_score": 5, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "DMCC and GDRFA provide direct official evidence for formation, ownership/document requirements, residence duration, renewal, and fees; broader UAE free-zone licensing, family, and settlement rules vary by authority and remain outside this fixture.", "zh-Hans": "DMCC 和 GDRFA 提供有关组建、所有权/文件要求、居留期限、续签和费用的直接官方证据；更广泛的阿联酋自由区许可、家庭和定居规则因当局而异，并且不在此范围内。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 4, "cost_score": 4, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "own_company", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": true, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": "not_applicable", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": "unknown", "requires_language_test": false, "requires_local_entity": true, "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": true, "leads_to_pr": "unknown", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.159Z" }, "source_ids": [ "uae-dmcc-business-setup", "uae-gdrfa-green-residence-partner-investor" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-residence-partner-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024c6-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, and green residence permit", "snapshot_id": "4e481895001d681d05b24487ff370862ece9f7cf13ca5cc6b98cd83630229059", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.159Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-dmcc-business-setup", "url": "https://dmcc.ae/business/set-up-a-new-business", "section": "Company formation and process", "snapshot_id": "ef7ba19099a8ad49573f2ccbf0a8fc68c2cce59af9ed516744d5817f52f4632d", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.044Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-dmcc-business-setup", "url": "https://dmcc.ae/business/set-up-a-new-business", "section": "Company formation and process", "snapshot_id": "ef7ba19099a8ad49573f2ccbf0a8fc68c2cce59af9ed516744d5817f52f4632d", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.044Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-dmcc-business-setup", "url": "https://dmcc.ae/business/set-up-a-new-business", "section": "Company formation and process", "snapshot_id": "ef7ba19099a8ad49573f2ccbf0a8fc68c2cce59af9ed516744d5817f52f4632d", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.044Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "uae-dmcc-business-setup", "url": "https://dmcc.ae/business/set-up-a-new-business", "section": "Company formation and process", "snapshot_id": "ef7ba19099a8ad49573f2ccbf0a8fc68c2cce59af9ed516744d5817f52f4632d", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.044Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-residence-partner-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024c6-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, and green residence permit", "snapshot_id": "4e481895001d681d05b24487ff370862ece9f7cf13ca5cc6b98cd83630229059", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.159Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-residence-partner-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024c6-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, and green residence permit", "snapshot_id": "4e481895001d681d05b24487ff370862ece9f7cf13ca5cc6b98cd83630229059", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.159Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-residence-partner-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024c6-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, and green residence permit", "snapshot_id": "4e481895001d681d05b24487ff370862ece9f7cf13ca5cc6b98cd83630229059", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.159Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-residence-partner-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024c6-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, and green residence permit", "snapshot_id": "4e481895001d681d05b24487ff370862ece9f7cf13ca5cc6b98cd83630229059", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.159Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-residence-partner-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024c6-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, and green residence permit", "snapshot_id": "4e481895001d681d05b24487ff370862ece9f7cf13ca5cc6b98cd83630229059", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.159Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-residence-partner-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024c6-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, and green residence permit", "snapshot_id": "4e481895001d681d05b24487ff370862ece9f7cf13ca5cc6b98cd83630229059", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.159Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-residence-partner-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024c6-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, and green residence permit", "snapshot_id": "4e481895001d681d05b24487ff370862ece9f7cf13ca5cc6b98cd83630229059", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.159Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-residence-partner-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024c6-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, and green residence permit", "snapshot_id": "4e481895001d681d05b24487ff370862ece9f7cf13ca5cc6b98cd83630229059", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.159Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-residence-partner-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024c6-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, and green residence permit", "snapshot_id": "4e481895001d681d05b24487ff370862ece9f7cf13ca5cc6b98cd83630229059", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.159Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.159Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.159Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.159Z", "update_frequency_days": 30, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.159Z", "summary": "Added a UAE free-zone company and partner/investor Green Residence fixture from retained DMCC and GDRFA evidence.", "source_ids": [ "uae-dmcc-business-setup", "uae-gdrfa-green-residence-partner-investor" ] } ] }, { "id": "uae-golden-entrepreneur", "country_id": "uae", "category_ids": [ "startup_entrepreneur" ], "official_names": { "en": "Golden Residence — entrepreneur", "zh-Hans": "黄金居留——企业家" }, "aliases": [ "UAE Golden Visa Entrepreneur", "UAE Golden Residency Entrepreneur" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "This fixture uses the ICP entrepreneur visa service, which describes a service to complete Golden Residency procedures for an innovative or future-oriented project.", "zh-Hans": "本数据记录使用 ICP 企业家签证服务，该服务描述了为创新或面向未来的项目完成黄金居留程序的服务。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "An entrepreneur route to complete UAE Golden Residency procedures for an innovative or future-oriented project valued at least AED 500,000 and supported by an accredited-auditor letter and competent-authority or incubator confirmation.", "zh-Hans": "为价值至少 500,000 迪拉姆的创新或面向未来的项目完成阿联酋黄金居留程序的企业家途径，并得到认可审计师信函和主管机构或孵化器确认的支持。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Project owners who can document an innovative or future-oriented project, obtain the competent-authority or incubator letter, and prove a project value of at least AED 500,000.", "zh-Hans": "能够记录创新或面向未来的项目、获得主管当局或孵化器信函并证明项目价值至少为 500,000 迪拉姆的项目所有者。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Ordinary businesses without an innovation/future-oriented classification or without the required auditor and authority documentation.", "zh-Hans": "没有创新/面向未来的分类或没有所需的审核员和权威文件的普通企业。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "own_company", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "The ICP service requires valid UAE health insurance, a passport valid at least six months, a competent-authority letter confirming innovative or future-oriented nature, and an accredited-auditor letter confirming project value of at least AED 500,000.", "zh-Hans": "ICP 服务需要有效的阿联酋健康保险、有效期至少六个月的护照、确认创新或面向未来性质的主管当局信函以及确认项目价值至少 500,000 迪拉姆的认可审计师信函。" } }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": true, "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": "unknown" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "minimum_investment": [ { "amount": 500000, "currency": "AED", "applies_to": "business", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "This is the minimum documented project value, not a universal personal liquid-funds requirement.", "zh-Hans": "这是记录的最低项目价值，而不是通用的个人流动资金要求。" } } ], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Application Fees", "zh-Hans": "申请费" }, "amount": 100, "currency": "AED", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Issuance Fees", "zh-Hans": "发行费用" }, "amount": 100, "currency": "AED", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Smart Services Fees", "zh-Hans": "智能服务费用" }, "amount": 100, "currency": "AED", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": "unknown", "accepted_sources": [ "business_income", "self_employment", "unknown" ], "income_location": "unknown", "proof_history_months": "unknown", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The retained entrepreneur service does not state a universal personal income threshold.", "zh-Hans": "保留企业家服务并未规定普遍的个人收入门槛。" } }, "business_setup": { "required": "unknown", "entity_types": [ "Innovative or future-oriented project" ], "local_director_required": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "The service is for a project owner and requires project-value and innovation/future-oriented documentation, but does not define a single company incorporation form.", "zh-Hans": "该服务面向项目所有者，需要项目价值和创新/面向未来的文档，但不定义单一公司注册形式。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "The ICP service lists a two-day service completion duration and describes the service as completing Golden Residency procedures for ten years.", "zh-Hans": "ICP服务列出了两天的服务完成期限，并将该服务描述为完成黄金居住程序十年。" }, "initial_validity_months": 120, "renewable": "unknown", "max_stay_months": 120 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": "unknown", "local_employment_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": true }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "The retained entrepreneur service does not enumerate dependant eligibility or work rights.", "zh-Hans": "保留的企业家服务不列举附属资格或工作权利。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The entrepreneur service establishes a ten-year Golden Residency procedure, not a permanent-residence route.", "zh-Hans": "企业家服务建立了为期十年的黄金居留程序，而不是永久居留途径。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained entrepreneur service does not establish a citizenship route.", "zh-Hans": "保留的企业家服务不建立公民身份途径。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 5, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "The ICP service directly supports project value, innovation documentation, fees, health insurance, passport validity, service duration, and processing. The underlying Golden Residency issuance and renewal conditions require case-level review.", "zh-Hans": "ICP服务直接支持项目价值、创新文档、费用、健康保险、护照有效期、服务期限和处理。黄金居留的基本发放和续签条件需要案例级别的审查。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 4, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 4, "permanence_score": 3, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "own_company", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": true, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": true, "requires_language_test": false, "requires_local_entity": "unknown", "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "leads_to_pr": "unknown", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:59.729Z" }, "source_ids": [ "uae-icp-golden-entrepreneur" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "uae-icp-golden-entrepreneur", "url": "https://icp.gov.ae/en/services-details?serviceid=68e34f115ae59b00117383d9", "section": "Entrepreneur Golden Residency service conditions, fees, and duration", "snapshot_id": "c7de0521c9cde5780f15305f8f2ae573dd7513b700bad3296d79e1ec7917b376", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:59.729Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-icp-golden-entrepreneur", "url": "https://icp.gov.ae/en/services-details?serviceid=68e34f115ae59b00117383d9", "section": "Entrepreneur Golden Residency service conditions, fees, and duration", "snapshot_id": "c7de0521c9cde5780f15305f8f2ae573dd7513b700bad3296d79e1ec7917b376", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:59.729Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-icp-golden-entrepreneur", "url": 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"c7de0521c9cde5780f15305f8f2ae573dd7513b700bad3296d79e1ec7917b376", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:59.729Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "uae-icp-golden-entrepreneur", "url": "https://icp.gov.ae/en/services-details?serviceid=68e34f115ae59b00117383d9", "section": "Entrepreneur Golden Residency service conditions, fees, and duration", "snapshot_id": "c7de0521c9cde5780f15305f8f2ae573dd7513b700bad3296d79e1ec7917b376", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:59.729Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "uae-icp-golden-entrepreneur", "url": "https://icp.gov.ae/en/services-details?serviceid=68e34f115ae59b00117383d9", "section": "Entrepreneur Golden Residency service conditions, fees, and duration", "snapshot_id": "c7de0521c9cde5780f15305f8f2ae573dd7513b700bad3296d79e1ec7917b376", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:59.729Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "uae-icp-golden-entrepreneur", "url": "https://icp.gov.ae/en/services-details?serviceid=68e34f115ae59b00117383d9", "section": "Entrepreneur Golden Residency service conditions, fees, and duration", "snapshot_id": "c7de0521c9cde5780f15305f8f2ae573dd7513b700bad3296d79e1ec7917b376", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:59.729Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "uae-icp-golden-entrepreneur", "url": "https://icp.gov.ae/en/services-details?serviceid=68e34f115ae59b00117383d9", "section": "Entrepreneur Golden Residency service conditions, fees, and duration", "snapshot_id": "c7de0521c9cde5780f15305f8f2ae573dd7513b700bad3296d79e1ec7917b376", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:59.729Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "uae-icp-golden-entrepreneur", "url": "https://icp.gov.ae/en/services-details?serviceid=68e34f115ae59b00117383d9", "section": "Entrepreneur Golden Residency service conditions, fees, and duration", "snapshot_id": "c7de0521c9cde5780f15305f8f2ae573dd7513b700bad3296d79e1ec7917b376", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:59.729Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "uae-icp-golden-entrepreneur", "url": "https://icp.gov.ae/en/services-details?serviceid=68e34f115ae59b00117383d9", "section": "Entrepreneur Golden Residency service conditions, fees, and duration", "snapshot_id": "c7de0521c9cde5780f15305f8f2ae573dd7513b700bad3296d79e1ec7917b376", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:59.729Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:59.729Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:59.729Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:59.729Z", "update_frequency_days": 30, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:59.729Z", "summary": "Added UAE Golden entrepreneur fixture from retained ICP service evidence.", "source_ids": [ "uae-icp-golden-entrepreneur" ] } ] }, { "id": "uae-golden-property-investor", "country_id": "uae", "category_ids": [ "investor" ], "official_names": { "en": "Golden Residence — real estate investor", "zh-Hans": "Golden Residence — 房地产投资者" }, "aliases": [ "UAE Golden Visa Property Investor", "UAE Golden Residency Real Estate Investor" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "This fixture uses the Dubai GDRFA Golden Investor service for its real-estate stream; the federal ICP overview remains supplementary because its deterministic snapshot is incomplete.", "zh-Hans": "该赛事的房地产流使用了迪拜 GDRFA 黄金投资者服务；联邦 ICP 概述仍然是补充性的，因为其确定性快照并不完整。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A ten-year Golden Residence route for a UAE real-estate investor who owns property or properties with a total value of at least AED 2 million and maintains the investment conditions.", "zh-Hans": "为拥有总价值至少 200 万迪拉姆的房产或房产并保持投资条件的阿联酋房地产投资者提供为期十年的黄金居留途径。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants with a documented UAE property investment of at least AED 2 million who can provide Dubai Land Department valuation/ownership evidence and accept the ten-year investment hold conditions.", "zh-Hans": "拥有至少 200 万迪拉姆阿联酋房地产投资记录的申请人，可以提供迪拜土地部门的估价/所有权证据并接受十年投资持有条件。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants seeking a low-capital property route, a guaranteed permanent-residence outcome, or a general residence status without maintaining the qualifying property investment.", "zh-Hans": "寻求低资本房地产途径、有保证的永久居留结果或一般居留身份但不维持合格房地产投资的申请人。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "investment", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "The Golden Investor service lists real-estate ownership of at least AED 2 million, Dubai Land Department certification, and a lien/continuity condition for the Golden Residence.", "zh-Hans": "黄金投资者服务列出了至少 200 万迪拉姆的房地产所有权、迪拜土地部门的认证以及黄金居留的留置权/连续性条件。" } }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": "unknown" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "minimum_investment": [ { "amount": 2000000, "currency": "AED", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "The real-estate investment must total at least AED 2 million; the service states that mortgaged property may be accepted and details valuation and lien controls.", "zh-Hans": "房地产投资总额必须至少200万迪拉姆；该服务规定可以接受抵押财产，并详细说明了估价和留置权控制。" } } ], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Golden Residence service cost", "zh-Hans": "金居服务费用" }, "amount": 2790, "currency": "AED", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": false, "accepted_sources": [ "passive_income", "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable", "proof_history_months": "unknown", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The retained Golden Investor page sets the property-value condition and does not state a universal personal income minimum for the Golden real-estate stream.", "zh-Hans": "保留的黄金投资者页面设置了财产价值条件，但没有规定黄金房地产流的普遍个人收入最低标准。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "The GDRFA service lists an expected completion time of five days. Golden Residence is valid for ten years and can be extended if the same conditions continue.", "zh-Hans": "GDRFA 服务列出的预计完成时间为五天。黄金居留的有效期为十年，如果相同条件持续，可以延长。" }, "initial_validity_months": 120, "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": 120 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": "unknown", "local_employment_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "The retained GDRFA Golden Investor page states Golden Residence family self-support conditions but does not enumerate dependant eligibility in the stream-specific service.", "zh-Hans": "保留的 GDRFA Golden Investor 页面规定了 Golden Residence 家庭的自养条件，但没有列举特定流服务中的家属资格。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The Golden Investor service establishes long-term renewable residence, not a permanent-residence route.", "zh-Hans": "黄金投资者服务建立了长期可更新居留权，而不是永久居留权。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained investor service does not establish a citizenship route.", "zh-Hans": "保留投资者服务不建立公民身份途径。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 5, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "The GDRFA investor service directly supports the property threshold, valuation/lien conditions, validity, extension, fees, and processing. Family, work rights, and settlement are intentionally unknown.", "zh-Hans": "GDRFA 投资者服务直接支持财产门槛、估价/留置权条件、有效性、延期、费用和处理。家庭、工作权利和定居权是故意未知的。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 4, "cost_score": 5, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 3, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "investment", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": false, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": false, "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": true, "requires_language_test": false, "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "leads_to_pr": "unknown", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:55.232Z" }, "source_ids": [ "uae-gdrfa-golden-investor" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/8ea80da4-f43e-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Real Estate Investor requirements, fees, and terms", "snapshot_id": "ebe22ddd2e777702534aa16a588edac7c921a6b272bd841bcf84b0e889a03f46", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:55.232Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/8ea80da4-f43e-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Real Estate Investor requirements, fees, and terms", "snapshot_id": "ebe22ddd2e777702534aa16a588edac7c921a6b272bd841bcf84b0e889a03f46", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:55.232Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/8ea80da4-f43e-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Real Estate Investor requirements, fees, and terms", "snapshot_id": "ebe22ddd2e777702534aa16a588edac7c921a6b272bd841bcf84b0e889a03f46", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:55.232Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/8ea80da4-f43e-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Real Estate Investor requirements, fees, and terms", "snapshot_id": "ebe22ddd2e777702534aa16a588edac7c921a6b272bd841bcf84b0e889a03f46", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:55.232Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/8ea80da4-f43e-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Real Estate Investor requirements, fees, and terms", "snapshot_id": "ebe22ddd2e777702534aa16a588edac7c921a6b272bd841bcf84b0e889a03f46", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:55.232Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/8ea80da4-f43e-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Real Estate Investor requirements, fees, and terms", "snapshot_id": "ebe22ddd2e777702534aa16a588edac7c921a6b272bd841bcf84b0e889a03f46", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:55.232Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/8ea80da4-f43e-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Real Estate Investor requirements, fees, and terms", "snapshot_id": "ebe22ddd2e777702534aa16a588edac7c921a6b272bd841bcf84b0e889a03f46", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:55.232Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/8ea80da4-f43e-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Real Estate Investor requirements, fees, and terms", "snapshot_id": "ebe22ddd2e777702534aa16a588edac7c921a6b272bd841bcf84b0e889a03f46", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:55.232Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/8ea80da4-f43e-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Real Estate Investor requirements, fees, and terms", "snapshot_id": "ebe22ddd2e777702534aa16a588edac7c921a6b272bd841bcf84b0e889a03f46", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:55.232Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/8ea80da4-f43e-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Real Estate Investor requirements, fees, and terms", "snapshot_id": "ebe22ddd2e777702534aa16a588edac7c921a6b272bd841bcf84b0e889a03f46", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:55.232Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/8ea80da4-f43e-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Real Estate Investor requirements, fees, and terms", "snapshot_id": "ebe22ddd2e777702534aa16a588edac7c921a6b272bd841bcf84b0e889a03f46", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:55.232Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/8ea80da4-f43e-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Real Estate Investor requirements, fees, and terms", "snapshot_id": "ebe22ddd2e777702534aa16a588edac7c921a6b272bd841bcf84b0e889a03f46", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:55.232Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/8ea80da4-f43e-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Real Estate Investor requirements, fees, and terms", "snapshot_id": "ebe22ddd2e777702534aa16a588edac7c921a6b272bd841bcf84b0e889a03f46", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:55.232Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/8ea80da4-f43e-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Real Estate Investor requirements, fees, and terms", "snapshot_id": "ebe22ddd2e777702534aa16a588edac7c921a6b272bd841bcf84b0e889a03f46", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:55.232Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:55.232Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:55.232Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:55.232Z", "update_frequency_days": 30, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:55.232Z", "summary": "Added UAE Golden real-estate investor fixture from retained GDRFA evidence.", "source_ids": [ "uae-gdrfa-golden-investor" ] } ] }, { "id": "uae-golden-talent", "country_id": "uae", "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Golden Residence — talented geniuses", "zh-Hans": "黄金居留——杰出人才" }, "aliases": [ "UAE Golden Visa Talent", "UAE Golden Residency Exceptional Talent" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "This fixture uses the Dubai GDRFA Talented Geniuses service for culture and arts, innovators and inventors, athletes, and digital-technology talent.", "zh-Hans": "该赛事使用迪拜 GDRFA Talented Geniuses 服务，为文化艺术、创新者和发明家、运动员和数字技术人才提供服务。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A ten-year renewable Golden Residence route for exceptional talent in culture and arts, innovation and invention, athletics, or digital technology, with nomination and category-specific evidence.", "zh-Hans": "为期十年的可续期黄金居留途径，针对文化和艺术、创新和发明、体育或数字技术领域的杰出人才，提供提名和特定类别的证据。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Recognised creatives, inventors, innovators, athletes, and digital-technology talents who can obtain a nomination letter from the relevant UAE authority and document the applicable achievements.", "zh-Hans": "获得认可的创意人士、发明家、创新者、运动员和数字技术人才，可以获得阿联酋相关机构的提名信并记录适用的成就。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants without a nominating authority, category-specific achievements, or a clear record matching one of the listed exceptional-talent categories.", "zh-Hans": "没有提名机构、特定类别成就或与列出的特殊人才类别之一匹配的明确记录的申请人。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "talent_pass", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "A nomination letter is required from the relevant culture, economy, sports, or artificial-intelligence authority, depending on the talent category. Final approval remains subject to GDRFA evaluation.", "zh-Hans": "根据人才类别，需要相关文化、经济、体育或人工智能部门的提名信。最终批准仍有待 GDRFA 评估。" } }, "work_experience": { "note_md": { "en": "The service sets different evidence rules by talent category; the creative practitioner criteria include at least five years of professional experience.", "zh-Hans": "服务按人才类别设置不同的证据规则；创意从业者的标准包括至少五年的专业经验。" } }, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": "unknown" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Residence permit fee", "zh-Hans": "居留许可费" }, "amount": 1100, "currency": "AED", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Fee inside the country", "zh-Hans": "国内费用" }, "amount": 500, "currency": "AED", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Delivery", "zh-Hans": "送货" }, "amount": 20, "currency": "AED", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": "unknown", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "unknown", "proof_history_months": "unknown", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The service requires the holder to support themselves and their family without government support but does not state a universal income threshold.", "zh-Hans": "该服务要求持有人在没有政府支持的情况下养活自己和家人，但没有规定普遍的收入门槛。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "The GDRFA service lists an expected completion time of five days. The permit is valid for ten years and may be extended if the same conditions are met.", "zh-Hans": "GDRFA 服务列出的预计完成时间为五天。该许可证的有效期为十年，如果满足相同条件，可以延期。" }, "initial_validity_months": 120, "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": 120 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": "unknown", "local_employment_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "The retained talent service mentions supporting the family but does not enumerate dependant eligibility or work rights.", "zh-Hans": "保留人才服务提到支持家庭，但没有列举受抚养资格或工作权利。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The talent service establishes renewable ten-year residence, not a permanent-residence route.", "zh-Hans": "人才服务建立了可续签的十年居留权，而不是永久居留权。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained talent service does not establish a citizenship route.", "zh-Hans": "留用人才服务不建立公民身份途径。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 5, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "The GDRFA source directly supports categories, nominations, evidence, fees, processing, validity, and renewal; exact category-specific eligibility and family/work rights require case-level review.", "zh-Hans": "GDRFA 来源直接支持类别、提名、证据、费用、处理、有效性和续订；确切的特定类别资格和家庭/工作权利需要案例层面的审查。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 4, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 3, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "talent_pass", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": false, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": false, "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "leads_to_pr": "unknown", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z" }, "source_ids": [ "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/2e7da546-f815-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Talent categories, nomination letters, validity, and renewal", "snapshot_id": "e97ceb62d4888cd5cb173f4442aa945f3523a60ae0363807e11afcf5df3250cd", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/2e7da546-f815-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Talent categories, nomination letters, validity, and renewal", "snapshot_id": "e97ceb62d4888cd5cb173f4442aa945f3523a60ae0363807e11afcf5df3250cd", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/2e7da546-f815-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Talent categories, nomination letters, validity, and renewal", "snapshot_id": "e97ceb62d4888cd5cb173f4442aa945f3523a60ae0363807e11afcf5df3250cd", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/2e7da546-f815-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Talent categories, nomination letters, validity, and renewal", "snapshot_id": "e97ceb62d4888cd5cb173f4442aa945f3523a60ae0363807e11afcf5df3250cd", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/2e7da546-f815-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Talent categories, nomination letters, validity, and renewal", "snapshot_id": "e97ceb62d4888cd5cb173f4442aa945f3523a60ae0363807e11afcf5df3250cd", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/2e7da546-f815-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Talent categories, nomination letters, validity, and renewal", "snapshot_id": "e97ceb62d4888cd5cb173f4442aa945f3523a60ae0363807e11afcf5df3250cd", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/2e7da546-f815-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Talent categories, nomination letters, validity, and renewal", "snapshot_id": "e97ceb62d4888cd5cb173f4442aa945f3523a60ae0363807e11afcf5df3250cd", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/2e7da546-f815-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Talent categories, nomination letters, validity, and renewal", "snapshot_id": "e97ceb62d4888cd5cb173f4442aa945f3523a60ae0363807e11afcf5df3250cd", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/2e7da546-f815-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Talent categories, nomination letters, validity, and renewal", "snapshot_id": "e97ceb62d4888cd5cb173f4442aa945f3523a60ae0363807e11afcf5df3250cd", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/2e7da546-f815-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Talent categories, nomination letters, validity, and renewal", "snapshot_id": "e97ceb62d4888cd5cb173f4442aa945f3523a60ae0363807e11afcf5df3250cd", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/2e7da546-f815-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Talent categories, nomination letters, validity, and renewal", "snapshot_id": "e97ceb62d4888cd5cb173f4442aa945f3523a60ae0363807e11afcf5df3250cd", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/2e7da546-f815-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Talent categories, nomination letters, validity, and renewal", "snapshot_id": "e97ceb62d4888cd5cb173f4442aa945f3523a60ae0363807e11afcf5df3250cd", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/2e7da546-f815-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Talent categories, nomination letters, validity, and renewal", "snapshot_id": "e97ceb62d4888cd5cb173f4442aa945f3523a60ae0363807e11afcf5df3250cd", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/2e7da546-f815-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Talent categories, nomination letters, validity, and renewal", "snapshot_id": "e97ceb62d4888cd5cb173f4442aa945f3523a60ae0363807e11afcf5df3250cd", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z", "update_frequency_days": 30, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z", "summary": "Added UAE Golden talented-geniuses fixture from retained GDRFA evidence.", "source_ids": [ "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent" ] } ] }, { "id": "uae-green-freelancer", "country_id": "uae", "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Green Residence — self-employment", "zh-Hans": "绿色居留——自营职业" }, "aliases": [ "UAE Green Visa Freelancer", "UAE Green Residence Self-Employment" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "This fixture uses the Dubai GDRFA self-employment Green Residence service. The ICP Green Residency overview is retained as a supplementary source but currently flagged for incomplete deterministic extraction.", "zh-Hans": "本数据记录使用迪拜 GDRFA 自营绿色居留服务。 ICP Green Residency 概述保留为补充来源，但目前标记为不完整的确定性提取。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A self-sponsored UAE residence permit for a freelancer or self-employed person who holds a Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratisation permit and meets the education and income/solvency conditions.", "zh-Hans": "为持有人力资源和酋长国许可证并符合教育和收入/偿付能力条件的自由职业者或自营职业者提供的无需担保的阿联酋居留许可证。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Freelancers and independent professionals who can obtain the required MOHRE permit, show a bachelor degree or specialised diploma, and document AED 360,000 of self-employment income over the preceding two years or financial solvency.", "zh-Hans": "自由职业者和独立专业人士，可以获得所需的 MOHRE 许可证，出示学士学位或专业文凭，并记录过去两年的 360,000 迪拉姆的自营职业收入或财务偿付能力。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants who need an employer-sponsored job, a company-formation route, a published permanent-residence outcome, or a confirmed cross-emirate rule set beyond the Dubai service.", "zh-Hans": "需要雇主担保的工作、公司成立途径、公布的永久居留结果或迪拜服务之外的确认的跨酋长国规则的申请人。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "self_sponsored", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "bachelor", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "The page requires a freelance work permit from MOHRE, a bachelor degree or specialised diploma, and either the stated income history or financial solvency.", "zh-Hans": "该页面需要 MOHRE 颁发的自由职业许可、学士学位或专业文凭，以及注明的收入历史或财务偿付能力。" } }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": false }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Residence permit fee", "zh-Hans": "居留许可费" }, "amount": 200, "currency": "AED", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Knowledge Dirham", "zh-Hans": "知识迪拉姆" }, "amount": 10, "currency": "AED", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Innovation Dirham", "zh-Hans": "创新迪拉姆" }, "amount": 10, "currency": "AED", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Fee inside the country", "zh-Hans": "国内费用" }, "amount": 500, "currency": "AED", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Delivery", "zh-Hans": "送货" }, "amount": 20, "currency": "AED", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": true, "min_income": [ { "amount": 360000, "currency": "AED", "period": "annual", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "Self-employment income over the two preceding years; the page also permits proof of financial solvency throughout the stay as an alternative.", "zh-Hans": "前两年的自营职业收入；作为替代方案，该页面还允许在整个住宿期间提供财务偿付能力证明。" } } ], "accepted_sources": [ "self_employment", "freelance" ], "income_location": "unknown", "proof_history_months": 24, "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "Annual self-employment income for the two preceding years must meet the threshold, unless financial solvency is proved throughout residence.", "zh-Hans": "除非在整个居住期间证明财务偿付能力，否则前两年的年自营职业收入必须达到门槛。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "The GDRFA service lists an expected completion time of 48 hours and a 180-day grace period after expiry or cancellation.", "zh-Hans": "GDRFA 服务列出了 48 小时的预计完成时间以及到期或取消后 180 天的宽限期。" }, "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": true }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "The retained Dubai self-employment service page does not state family sponsorship conditions.", "zh-Hans": "保留的迪拜自营职业服务页面并未注明家庭担保条件。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained self-employment service does not establish a permanent-residence route.", "zh-Hans": "保留自营职业服务不建立永久居留途径。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained self-employment service does not establish a citizenship route.", "zh-Hans": "保留的自营职业服务不建立公民身份途径。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "extraction_confidence_score": 5, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "The GDRFA page gives direct evidence for permit, education, income, fees, processing, and renewal-related information; cross-emirate applicability, family, and settlement remain unestablished.", "zh-Hans": "GDRFA 页面提供许可证、教育、收入、费用、处理和续签相关信息的直接证据；跨酋长国的适用性、家庭和定居尚未确定。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 4, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "self_sponsored", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": true, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": true, "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": false, "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "leads_to_pr": "unknown", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z" }, "source_ids": [ "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024d1-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, conditions, and expected completion time", "snapshot_id": "1188561bb8ef3212a111e80273054fd9707c097d5f556397209fc8282eacb811", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024d1-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, conditions, and expected completion time", "snapshot_id": "1188561bb8ef3212a111e80273054fd9707c097d5f556397209fc8282eacb811", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024d1-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, conditions, and expected completion time", "snapshot_id": "1188561bb8ef3212a111e80273054fd9707c097d5f556397209fc8282eacb811", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024d1-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, conditions, and expected completion time", "snapshot_id": "1188561bb8ef3212a111e80273054fd9707c097d5f556397209fc8282eacb811", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024d1-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, conditions, and expected completion time", "snapshot_id": "1188561bb8ef3212a111e80273054fd9707c097d5f556397209fc8282eacb811", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024d1-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, conditions, and expected completion time", "snapshot_id": "1188561bb8ef3212a111e80273054fd9707c097d5f556397209fc8282eacb811", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024d1-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, conditions, and expected completion time", "snapshot_id": "1188561bb8ef3212a111e80273054fd9707c097d5f556397209fc8282eacb811", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024d1-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, conditions, and expected completion time", "snapshot_id": "1188561bb8ef3212a111e80273054fd9707c097d5f556397209fc8282eacb811", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024d1-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, conditions, and expected completion time", "snapshot_id": "1188561bb8ef3212a111e80273054fd9707c097d5f556397209fc8282eacb811", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024d1-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, conditions, and expected completion time", "snapshot_id": "1188561bb8ef3212a111e80273054fd9707c097d5f556397209fc8282eacb811", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024d1-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, conditions, and expected completion time", "snapshot_id": "1188561bb8ef3212a111e80273054fd9707c097d5f556397209fc8282eacb811", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024d1-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, conditions, and expected completion time", "snapshot_id": "1188561bb8ef3212a111e80273054fd9707c097d5f556397209fc8282eacb811", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024d1-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, conditions, and expected completion time", "snapshot_id": "1188561bb8ef3212a111e80273054fd9707c097d5f556397209fc8282eacb811", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024d1-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, conditions, and expected completion time", "snapshot_id": "1188561bb8ef3212a111e80273054fd9707c097d5f556397209fc8282eacb811", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z", "summary": "Added UAE self-employment Green Residence fixture from retained GDRFA evidence.", "source_ids": [ "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment" ] } ] }, { "id": "uae-remote-work", "country_id": "uae", "category_ids": [ "digital_nomad" ], "official_names": { "en": "Virtual Work Residence", "zh-Hans": "虚拟工作居留" }, "aliases": [ "UAE Virtual Work Residence", "Virtual Work Employee visa", "Dubai Virtual Work Residence" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "Official UAE sources describe a remote-work residence route. The source record remains under human review because service details and fees can change.", "zh-Hans": "阿联酋官方消息人士描述了一条远程工作居住途径。由于服务详细信息和费用可能会发生变化，源记录仍在接受人工审核。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A UAE remote-work residence route for people working remotely for an organization outside the UAE. The Dubai authority describes a one-year permit subject to renewal, while federal and Dubai sources state a USD 3,500 monthly income condition.", "zh-Hans": "阿联酋远程工作居住途径，适用于为阿联酋以外的组织远程工作的人员。迪拜当局描述了为期一年的许可证，可以续签，而联邦和迪拜消息人士称，每月收入为 3,500 美元。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Remote employees with an overseas organization, documented monthly income of at least USD 3,500, health insurance, and the documents required by the issuing authority.", "zh-Hans": "海外机构的远程员工、有记录的月收入至少 3,500 美元、健康保险以及发证机关要求的文件。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants who cannot document remote work for an organization outside the UAE or the stated monthly income condition. Family, local-employment, and settlement outcomes require separate official confirmation.", "zh-Hans": "无法记录为阿联酋以外的组织进行远程工作或规定的月收入状况的申请人。家庭、当地就业和定居结果需要单独的官方确认。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "remote_income", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown" }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": true, "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": "unknown", "sponsor_required": false }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": true, "min_income": [ { "amount": 3500, "currency": "USD", "period": "monthly", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total" } ], "accepted_sources": [ "remote_employment" ], "income_location": "outside_destination", "proof_history_months": "unknown", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The UAE sources require proof of remote work for an organization outside the UAE and a salary certificate or equivalent showing at least USD 3,500.", "zh-Hans": "阿联酋消息人士要求提供阿联酋境外组织的远程工作证明以及至少显示 3,500 美元的工资证明或同等文件。" } }, "timeline": { "initial_validity_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": true, "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained virtual-work residence sources do not establish a permanent-residence route.", "zh-Hans": "保留的虚拟工作居留来源不建立永久居住途径。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained virtual-work residence sources do not establish a citizenship route.", "zh-Hans": "保留的虚拟工作居留来源不建立公民身份途径。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "extraction_confidence_score": 4, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "The route and core remote-work condition are stated on official UAE authority pages, but family rights, local-employment limits, fees, and longer-term settlement are not fully represented by this source set.", "zh-Hans": "阿联酋官方权威页面上说明了途径和核心远程工作条件，但该源集并未完全代表家庭权利、当地就业限制、费用和长期定居。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "temporary_only", "settlement_track": "temporary_no_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "remote_income", "min_monthly_income_usd": 3500, "accepts_remote_income": true, "accepts_self_employment": "unknown", "accepts_overseas_remote_income": true, "requires_degree": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": "unknown", "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": "unknown", "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": true, "leads_to_pr": "unknown", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:41.936Z" }, "source_ids": [ "uae-icp-virtual-work-residence", "uae-gdrfa-virtual-work-residence" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-virtual-work-residence", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024e3-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Issuance of the virtual work residence permit", "snapshot_id": "ef32bf4cefc3061867ab2b429fb941493ed49e9d8f17499ba435e145e2b483e8", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:40.261Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-virtual-work-residence", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024e3-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "When a foreigner engages in remote work for an organization outside the country", "snapshot_id": "ef32bf4cefc3061867ab2b429fb941493ed49e9d8f17499ba435e145e2b483e8", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:40.261Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-icp-virtual-work-residence", "url": "https://icp.gov.ae/en/services-details?serviceid=68e73fd45ae59b00117389f4", "section": "List of Required Documents for Service", "snapshot_id": "d62dd210c054c690aae747e3a1a1b1f053543f03a7a147ad5cb7684704527d3f", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:41.936Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-virtual-work-residence", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024e3-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Terms And Conditions", "snapshot_id": "ef32bf4cefc3061867ab2b429fb941493ed49e9d8f17499ba435e145e2b483e8", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:40.261Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-virtual-work-residence", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024e3-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "When a foreigner engages in remote work for an organization outside the country", "snapshot_id": "ef32bf4cefc3061867ab2b429fb941493ed49e9d8f17499ba435e145e2b483e8", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:40.261Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-virtual-work-residence", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024e3-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements", "snapshot_id": "ef32bf4cefc3061867ab2b429fb941493ed49e9d8f17499ba435e145e2b483e8", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:40.261Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-virtual-work-residence", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024e3-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Fees", "snapshot_id": "ef32bf4cefc3061867ab2b429fb941493ed49e9d8f17499ba435e145e2b483e8", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:40.261Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-virtual-work-residence", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024e3-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Terms And Conditions", "snapshot_id": "ef32bf4cefc3061867ab2b429fb941493ed49e9d8f17499ba435e145e2b483e8", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:40.261Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-virtual-work-residence", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024e3-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Issuance of the virtual work residence permit", "snapshot_id": "ef32bf4cefc3061867ab2b429fb941493ed49e9d8f17499ba435e145e2b483e8", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:40.261Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-virtual-work-residence", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024e3-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "When a foreigner engages in remote work for an organization outside the country", "snapshot_id": "ef32bf4cefc3061867ab2b429fb941493ed49e9d8f17499ba435e145e2b483e8", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:40.261Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-virtual-work-residence", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024e3-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Additional Information", "snapshot_id": "ef32bf4cefc3061867ab2b429fb941493ed49e9d8f17499ba435e145e2b483e8", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:40.261Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-virtual-work-residence", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024e3-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Issuance of the virtual work residence permit", "snapshot_id": "ef32bf4cefc3061867ab2b429fb941493ed49e9d8f17499ba435e145e2b483e8", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:40.261Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-virtual-work-residence", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024e3-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Issuance of the virtual work residence permit", "snapshot_id": "ef32bf4cefc3061867ab2b429fb941493ed49e9d8f17499ba435e145e2b483e8", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:40.261Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-virtual-work-residence", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024e3-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Terms And Conditions", "snapshot_id": "ef32bf4cefc3061867ab2b429fb941493ed49e9d8f17499ba435e145e2b483e8", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:40.261Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:41.936Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:41.936Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:41.936Z", "update_frequency_days": 7, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:41.936Z", "summary": "Added a conservative remote-income residence fixture from retained UAE ICP and GDRFA evidence.", "source_ids": [ "uae-icp-virtual-work-residence", "uae-gdrfa-virtual-work-residence" ] } ] }, { "id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "country_id": "united-kingdom", "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Graduate visa", "zh-Hans": "毕业签证（Graduate visa）" }, "aliases": [ "UK Graduate visa", "Graduate route" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "GOV.UK describes the Graduate visa as an active post-study route. Duration depends on when you apply: 2 years if you apply on or before 31 December 2026, or 18 months if you apply on or after 1 January 2027, with 3 years for PhD or other doctoral qualifications.", "zh-Hans": "GOV.UK 将毕业签证描述为现行的毕业后停留途径。时长取决于申请时间：2026 年 12 月 31 日或之前申请为 2 年；2027 年 1 月 1 日或之后申请为 18 个月；博士或其他博士级资格为 3 年。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A temporary UK post-study work route for people already in the UK on a Student or Tier 4 (General) visa who successfully complete an eligible UK course. It is not extendable, but GOV.UK says you may later switch to another visa such as Skilled Worker.", "zh-Hans": "面向已在英国持学生或 Tier 4（普通）签证、并成功完成合资格英国课程者的临时毕业后工作途径。不可延期，但 GOV.UK 说明之后可能转换至技术工人等其他签证。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Students in the UK whose education provider has told the Home Office they successfully completed an eligible bachelor’s, postgraduate, or other qualifying course, and who apply before their Student or Tier 4 visa expires.", "zh-Hans": "适合仍在英国、教育机构已告知内政部其成功完成合资格学士、研究生或其他合格课程，并在学生或 Tier 4 签证到期前申请的申请人。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants outside the UK, people without a qualifying Student or Tier 4 history, those seeking to extend a Graduate visa, or people looking for a digital-nomad visa unrelated to UK study.", "zh-Hans": "不适合身在英国境外、没有合资格学生或 Tier 4 经历、希望延期毕业签证，或寻求与英国学习无关的数字游民签证的申请人。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "other", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "bachelor", "credential_assessment_required": false, "note_md": { "en": "GOV.UK requires successful completion of a UK bachelor’s degree, postgraduate degree, or other eligible course studied for a minimum period with a Student or Tier 4 visa. Your provider must report completion to the Home Office.", "zh-Hans": "GOV.UK 要求成功完成英国学士、研究生或其他合资格课程，并在学生或 Tier 4 签证下学习达到最短期限。教育机构必须向内政部报告完成情况。" } }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": false }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Graduate visa application fee", "zh-Hans": "毕业签证申请费" }, "amount": 937, "currency": "GBP", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable" }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "GOV.UK says you usually get a decision within 8 weeks after applying online, proving identity, and providing documents. You must apply from inside the UK before your Student or Tier 4 visa expires. You cannot extend a Graduate visa.", "zh-Hans": "GOV.UK 说明在线申请、完成身份证明并提交文件后通常 8 周内出结果。必须在英国境内、并在学生或 Tier 4 签证到期前申请。毕业签证不可延期。" }, "processing_time_months_min": 2, "processing_time_months_max": 2, "initial_validity_months": 24, "renewable": false, "max_stay_months": 36 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "limited", "business_allowed": true }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "limited", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "limited", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": false, "note_md": { "en": "GOV.UK says a partner and children can apply to stay if they are eligible under the Graduate visa family rules.", "zh-Hans": "GOV.UK 说明伴侣和子女在符合毕业签证家属规则时可以申请继续停留。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "A Graduate visa is temporary and not extendable. GOV.UK says you may switch to another visa such as Skilled Worker, which may later support settlement under that route’s rules.", "zh-Hans": "毕业签证是临时且不可延期的。GOV.UK 说明可转换至技术工人等其他签证，之后可能在该路径规则下支持定居。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The Graduate visa sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "毕业签证来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 5, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "Official GOV.UK pages clearly state duration changes from 2027 and core rights, but course-eligibility detail and family conditions still need case-level review.", "zh-Hans": "GOV.UK 官方页面清楚说明 2027 年起的期限变化和核心权利，但课程资格细节和家属条件仍需按案件审查。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 2, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "temporary_only", "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": true, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": true, "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": false, "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "leads_to_pr": "indirect", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": 2, "processing_time_months_max": 2, "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" }, "source_ids": [ "united-kingdom-graduate-visa" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/graduate-visa", "quote_md": "A Graduate visa gives you permission to stay in the UK for at least 18 months after successfully completing an eligible course in the UK.", "section": "Graduate visa overview", "snapshot_id": "610e8f4ea2b8ec39b74342377d56128664b9a9ae72b2d9f659bbdadc5f14aa9e", "quote_hash": "4db87ad81147ec7396d8304520460ea9cc271b10a24b54cd755d338b7c05e198", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/status_note_md": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/graduate-visa", "section": "How long you can stay", "snapshot_id": "610e8f4ea2b8ec39b74342377d56128664b9a9ae72b2d9f659bbdadc5f14aa9e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/graduate-visa", "section": "Eligibility and switching later", "snapshot_id": "610e8f4ea2b8ec39b74342377d56128664b9a9ae72b2d9f659bbdadc5f14aa9e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/graduate-visa", "section": "Eligibility", "snapshot_id": "610e8f4ea2b8ec39b74342377d56128664b9a9ae72b2d9f659bbdadc5f14aa9e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/graduate-visa", "section": "You must be in the UK; cannot extend", "snapshot_id": "610e8f4ea2b8ec39b74342377d56128664b9a9ae72b2d9f659bbdadc5f14aa9e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/graduate-visa", "section": "Post-study permission after Student visa", "snapshot_id": "610e8f4ea2b8ec39b74342377d56128664b9a9ae72b2d9f659bbdadc5f14aa9e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/graduate-visa", "section": "Eligibility requirements", "snapshot_id": "610e8f4ea2b8ec39b74342377d56128664b9a9ae72b2d9f659bbdadc5f14aa9e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/graduate-visa", "section": "How much it costs £937 and healthcare surcharge", "snapshot_id": "610e8f4ea2b8ec39b74342377d56128664b9a9ae72b2d9f659bbdadc5f14aa9e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/graduate-visa", "section": "No job offer required to apply", "snapshot_id": "610e8f4ea2b8ec39b74342377d56128664b9a9ae72b2d9f659bbdadc5f14aa9e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/graduate-visa", "section": "How long you can stay and getting a decision", "snapshot_id": "610e8f4ea2b8ec39b74342377d56128664b9a9ae72b2d9f659bbdadc5f14aa9e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/graduate-visa", "section": "What you can and cannot do", "snapshot_id": "610e8f4ea2b8ec39b74342377d56128664b9a9ae72b2d9f659bbdadc5f14aa9e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/graduate-visa", "section": "Partner and children", "snapshot_id": "610e8f4ea2b8ec39b74342377d56128664b9a9ae72b2d9f659bbdadc5f14aa9e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/graduate-visa", "section": "Switch to a different visa such as Skilled Worker", "snapshot_id": "610e8f4ea2b8ec39b74342377d56128664b9a9ae72b2d9f659bbdadc5f14aa9e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/graduate-visa", "section": "Temporary post-study route", "snapshot_id": "610e8f4ea2b8ec39b74342377d56128664b9a9ae72b2d9f659bbdadc5f14aa9e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/graduate-visa", "section": "Conservative Graduate visa filter fields", "snapshot_id": "610e8f4ea2b8ec39b74342377d56128664b9a9ae72b2d9f659bbdadc5f14aa9e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30Z", "summary": "Added UK Graduate visa coverage from official GOV.UK sources.", "source_ids": [ "united-kingdom-graduate-visa" ] } ] }, { "id": "united-kingdom-skilled-worker", "country_id": "united-kingdom", "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Skilled Worker visa", "zh-Hans": "技术工人签证（Skilled Worker visa）" }, "aliases": [ "UK Skilled Worker visa", "Skilled Worker route" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "GOV.UK describes the Skilled Worker visa as an active route for an eligible job with an approved employer, a certificate of sponsorship, and the applicable salary requirement.", "zh-Hans": "GOV.UK 将技术工人签证描述为面向合格职业的有效途径，要求有获批雇主、担保证书以及适用的薪资条件。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A UK work and residence route for an eligible job with an approved employer, a certificate of sponsorship, the required salary, and English-language ability. GOV.UK says the visa can last up to five years and may support settlement after five years when the other conditions are met.", "zh-Hans": "面向英国合格职业的工作和居留途径，要求有获批雇主、担保证书、规定薪资和英语能力。GOV.UK 说明签证最长可达五年，满足其他条件时五年后可能支持定居。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants with a confirmed offer from an approved UK employer, an eligible occupation, the required salary, and the required English-language evidence.", "zh-Hans": "适合拥有获批英国雇主的确认工作机会、合格职业、规定薪资以及所需英语证明的申请人。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants without an approved sponsor, eligible occupation, confirmed job offer, or the applicable salary and English-language evidence.", "zh-Hans": "不适合没有获批担保雇主、合格职业、确认工作机会，或不满足适用薪资和英语证明要求的申请人。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown" }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": true, "sponsor_required": true }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": true, "min_income": [ { "amount": 41700, "currency": "GBP", "period": "annual", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total" } ], "accepted_sources": [ "employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination" }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "GOV.UK says decisions are usually made within three weeks from outside the UK or eight weeks from inside the UK after identity and document steps are complete.", "zh-Hans": "GOV.UK 说明，在完成身份和文件步骤后，英国境外申请通常三周内作出决定，英国境内申请通常八周内作出决定。" }, "processing_time_months_min": 0.75, "processing_time_months_max": 2, "initial_validity_months": 60, "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": true, "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": false }, "pr_pathway": { "available": true, "min_residence_years": 5, "summary_md": { "en": "GOV.UK says a Skilled Worker visa holder may apply to settle permanently after five years if the other eligibility requirements are met.", "zh-Hans": "GOV.UK 说明，技术工人签证持有人满足其他资格要求时，五年后可能申请永久定居。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained Skilled Worker overview does not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "保留的技术工人签证概览没有确认公民资格。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 5, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "This bootstrap record is intentionally conservative. Official evidence supports the core route, while detailed fees, family conditions, and long-term outcomes require continued review.", "zh-Hans": "此初始记录有意保持保守。官方证据支持核心途径，但详细费用、家庭条件和长期结果仍需持续审查。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 4, "permanence_score": 4, "family_friendliness_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 4 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "residence", "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "min_annual_income_usd": "unknown", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": false, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": true, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": true, "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": true, "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "leads_to_pr": true, "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": 0.75, "processing_time_months_max": 2, "policy_stability_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.619Z" }, "source_ids": [ "united-kingdom-skilled-worker" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-skilled-worker", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa", "section": "Skilled Worker visa overview and eligibility", "snapshot_id": "7b8a1277ff9c3aa0324f8afe9270d9ade584758c83386a41a79d99fdd3d6d0aa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.619Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-skilled-worker", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa", "section": "Eligibility and how long you can stay", "snapshot_id": "7b8a1277ff9c3aa0324f8afe9270d9ade584758c83386a41a79d99fdd3d6d0aa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.619Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-skilled-worker", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa", "section": "Eligibility: job, sponsor, salary, and English", "snapshot_id": "7b8a1277ff9c3aa0324f8afe9270d9ade584758c83386a41a79d99fdd3d6d0aa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.619Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-skilled-worker", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa", "section": "Eligibility requirements", "snapshot_id": "7b8a1277ff9c3aa0324f8afe9270d9ade584758c83386a41a79d99fdd3d6d0aa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.619Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-skilled-worker", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa", "section": "Approved employer and certificate of sponsorship", "snapshot_id": "7b8a1277ff9c3aa0324f8afe9270d9ade584758c83386a41a79d99fdd3d6d0aa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.619Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-skilled-worker", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa", "section": "Your job and knowledge of English", "snapshot_id": "7b8a1277ff9c3aa0324f8afe9270d9ade584758c83386a41a79d99fdd3d6d0aa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.619Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-skilled-worker", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa", "section": "How much it costs and personal savings", "snapshot_id": "7b8a1277ff9c3aa0324f8afe9270d9ade584758c83386a41a79d99fdd3d6d0aa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.619Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-skilled-worker", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa", "section": "Minimum salary and going-rate requirement", "snapshot_id": "7b8a1277ff9c3aa0324f8afe9270d9ade584758c83386a41a79d99fdd3d6d0aa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.619Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-skilled-worker", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa", "section": "How long you can stay and getting a decision", "snapshot_id": "7b8a1277ff9c3aa0324f8afe9270d9ade584758c83386a41a79d99fdd3d6d0aa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.619Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-skilled-worker", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa", "section": "What you can and cannot do", "snapshot_id": "7b8a1277ff9c3aa0324f8afe9270d9ade584758c83386a41a79d99fdd3d6d0aa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.619Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-skilled-worker", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa", "section": "Partner and children", "snapshot_id": "7b8a1277ff9c3aa0324f8afe9270d9ade584758c83386a41a79d99fdd3d6d0aa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.619Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-skilled-worker", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa", "section": "Settlement after five years", "snapshot_id": "7b8a1277ff9c3aa0324f8afe9270d9ade584758c83386a41a79d99fdd3d6d0aa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.619Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-skilled-worker", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa", "section": "Long-term route caveat", "snapshot_id": "7b8a1277ff9c3aa0324f8afe9270d9ade584758c83386a41a79d99fdd3d6d0aa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.619Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-skilled-worker", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa", "section": "Conservative comparison and filter fields", "snapshot_id": "7b8a1277ff9c3aa0324f8afe9270d9ade584758c83386a41a79d99fdd3d6d0aa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.619Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T11:42:03Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T11:42:03Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.619Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T11:42:03Z", "summary": "Added Skilled Worker visa bootstrap fixture from retained official evidence.", "source_ids": [ "united-kingdom-skilled-worker" ] } ] }, { "id": "united-kingdom-student-visa", "country_id": "united-kingdom", "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Student visa", "zh-Hans": "学生签证（Student visa）" }, "aliases": [ "UK Student visa", "Tier 4 General student visa replacement" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "GOV.UK describes the Student visa as the main study route for people aged 16 or over with an offer from a licensed student sponsor. It replaced the Tier 4 (General) student visa.", "zh-Hans": "GOV.UK 将学生签证描述为年满 16 岁、并获持牌学生担保机构录取者的主要学习途径。该签证已取代 Tier 4（普通）学生签证。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A UK study route for an eligible course with a licensed student sponsor, enough money for the course and living costs, and English-language ability. GOV.UK says degree-level study for adults can usually support up to five years, and many graduates later switch to a Graduate visa for temporary post-study work.", "zh-Hans": "面向持牌学生担保机构合资格课程的英国学习途径，需具备足够学费与生活费以及英语能力。GOV.UK 说明成年学位级课程通常最长可停留五年，许多毕业生之后可转申请毕业签证以获得临时毕业后工作时间。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants aged 16 or over with a course offer from a licensed student sponsor, evidence of funds (unless exempt), and the required English ability, who intend to study rather than seek unrestricted work or a digital-nomad stay.", "zh-Hans": "适合年满 16 岁、获得持牌学生担保机构课程录取、能提供资金证明（除非获豁免）并具备所需英语能力，且以学习而非不受限制工作或数字游民停留为目的的申请人。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "People without a licensed sponsor offer, applicants seeking unrestricted employment or self-employment, or a dedicated digital-nomad visa. The UK does not have a dedicated digital-nomad visa in this record.", "zh-Hans": "不适合没有持牌担保机构录取、寻求不受限制就业或自雇，或寻求专门数字游民签证的申请人。本记录不将英国描述为提供专门数字游民签证。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "other", "eligibility": { "age": { "min": 16, "note_md": { "en": "GOV.UK says you can apply if you are 16 or over. Applicants aged 16 or 17 need parental consent evidence.", "zh-Hans": "GOV.UK 说明年满 16 岁可申请。16 或 17 岁申请人需要父母同意证明。" } }, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "You must have been offered a place on a course by a licensed student sponsor. Course-level academic requirements are set by the sponsor and Confirmation of Acceptance for Studies (CAS).", "zh-Hans": "必须获得持牌学生担保机构的课程录取。课程层面的学术要求由担保机构及录取确认书（CAS）确定。" } }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [ { "language": "en", "test": "GOV.UK knowledge of English requirement for Student visa", "minimum_level": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "GOV.UK requires that you can speak, read, write and understand English. Exact proof routes depend on the course and nationality.", "zh-Hans": "GOV.UK 要求能够说、读、写并理解英语。具体证明方式取决于课程和国籍。" } } ], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": true }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [ { "amount": 1529, "currency": "GBP", "period": "monthly", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "Living-cost figure for courses in London, for up to 9 months, plus course fees for one academic year as shown on the CAS. Funds must usually be held for 28 consecutive days ending within 31 days of application, subject to exemptions.", "zh-Hans": "伦敦课程的生活费金额，最长按 9 个月计算，另加 CAS 所示一学年学费。资金通常须连续持有 28 天，且该 28 天结束日须在申请日前 31 天内，豁免情形除外。" } }, { "amount": 1171, "currency": "GBP", "period": "monthly", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "Living-cost figure for courses outside London, for up to 9 months, plus course fees. Some applicants are exempt from proving funds, including some nationalities under the differential evidence list and people who have lived in the UK on a valid visa for at least 12 months.", "zh-Hans": "伦敦以外课程的生活费金额，最长按 9 个月计算，另加学费。部分申请人可豁免资金证明，包括差异化证据名单中的部分国籍，以及已在英国持有效签证居住至少 12 个月的人。" } } ], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Student visa application fee (outside or inside the UK)", "zh-Hans": "学生签证申请费（英国境内外）" }, "amount": 558, "currency": "GBP", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The Student route uses course fees and living-cost funds rather than a recurring employment income threshold.", "zh-Hans": "学生途径使用学费与生活费资金要求，而不是经常性就业收入门槛。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "GOV.UK says you usually get a decision within 3 weeks from outside the UK or 8 weeks from inside the UK. Apply up to 6 months before the course from outside the UK, or 3 months before from inside the UK.", "zh-Hans": "GOV.UK 说明英国境外申请通常 3 周内出结果，境内申请通常 8 周内出结果。境外最早可在开课前 6 个月申请，境内最早可在开课前 3 个月申请。" }, "processing_time_months_min": 0.75, "processing_time_months_max": 2, "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": 60 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": "limited", "local_employment_allowed": "limited", "remote_work_allowed": false, "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": false }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "limited", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "limited", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": false, "note_md": { "en": "GOV.UK says you may be able to bring a partner and children as dependants, subject to the Student visa family rules.", "zh-Hans": "GOV.UK 说明在符合学生签证家属规则的情况下，可能可以携带伴侣和子女作为受养人。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "A Student visa is temporary. GOV.UK points many graduates to a Graduate visa for post-study stay, and later work routes such as Skilled Worker may support settlement when their own rules are met.", "zh-Hans": "学生签证是临时的。GOV.UK 指引许多毕业生申请毕业签证以毕业后停留，之后如技术工人等工签在满足各自规则时可能支持定居。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The Student visa sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "学生签证来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 5, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "Core rules are published on GOV.UK, but funds exemptions, work conditions, dependants, and Graduate-route duration rules can change and need case-level checks.", "zh-Hans": "核心规则发布于 GOV.UK，但资金豁免、工作条件、受养人以及毕业路径期限规则可能变化，需按案件核对。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 4, "speed_score": 4, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": false, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": true, "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": "limited", "remote_work_allowed": false, "leads_to_pr": "indirect", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": 0.75, "processing_time_months_max": 2, "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" }, "source_ids": [ "united-kingdom-student-visa", "united-kingdom-student-visa-money" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa", "quote_md": "You can apply for a Student visa to study in the UK if you’re 16 or over", "section": "Student visa overview", "snapshot_id": "61dc67478656ea7b75880544279b3661b162e3555326c06e8e25f1d698ce672e", "quote_hash": "1299e2d511968620cc4db17d35f911fc12333115e1d0a292c4dc88e389fbe765", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/status_note_md": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa", "section": "Tier 4 replacement note", "snapshot_id": "61dc67478656ea7b75880544279b3661b162e3555326c06e8e25f1d698ce672e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa", "section": "Overview, how long you can stay, Graduate visa link", "snapshot_id": "61dc67478656ea7b75880544279b3661b162e3555326c06e8e25f1d698ce672e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa", "section": "Eligibility overview", "snapshot_id": "61dc67478656ea7b75880544279b3661b162e3555326c06e8e25f1d698ce672e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa", "section": "What you can and cannot do", "snapshot_id": "61dc67478656ea7b75880544279b3661b162e3555326c06e8e25f1d698ce672e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa", "section": "Licensed student sponsor course offer", "snapshot_id": "61dc67478656ea7b75880544279b3661b162e3555326c06e8e25f1d698ce672e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa", "section": "Age 16+, sponsor offer, English, parental consent", "snapshot_id": "61dc67478656ea7b75880544279b3661b162e3555326c06e8e25f1d698ce672e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa", "section": "Fees £558", "snapshot_id": "61dc67478656ea7b75880544279b3661b162e3555326c06e8e25f1d698ce672e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" }, { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa-money", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa/money", "section": "London £1,529 and outside London £1,171 monthly living costs", "snapshot_id": "00d3a703c7dac6ccc82a26e58b36749a9041f5e7a349e0b46fb189d6ac40345c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa-money", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa/money", "section": "Course fee and financial requirement", "snapshot_id": "00d3a703c7dac6ccc82a26e58b36749a9041f5e7a349e0b46fb189d6ac40345c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa", "section": "When to apply and how long it takes", "snapshot_id": "61dc67478656ea7b75880544279b3661b162e3555326c06e8e25f1d698ce672e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa", "section": "What you can and cannot do", "snapshot_id": "61dc67478656ea7b75880544279b3661b162e3555326c06e8e25f1d698ce672e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa", "section": "Your partner and children", "snapshot_id": "61dc67478656ea7b75880544279b3661b162e3555326c06e8e25f1d698ce672e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa", "section": "Staying longer and Graduate visa", "snapshot_id": "61dc67478656ea7b75880544279b3661b162e3555326c06e8e25f1d698ce672e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa", "section": "Temporary study route", "snapshot_id": "61dc67478656ea7b75880544279b3661b162e3555326c06e8e25f1d698ce672e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa", "section": "Conservative Student visa filter fields", "snapshot_id": "61dc67478656ea7b75880544279b3661b162e3555326c06e8e25f1d698ce672e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30Z", "summary": "Added UK Student visa coverage from official GOV.UK sources.", "source_ids": [ "united-kingdom-student-visa", "united-kingdom-student-visa-money" ] } ] }, { "id": "united-states-f1-student", "country_id": "united-states", "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "F-1 Student visa", "zh-Hans": "F-1 学生签证" }, "aliases": [ "US F-1", "F student visa", "Academic student visa" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "The Department of State states that foreign nationals who wish to study in the United States generally need a student visa (F or M). Academic study at a university, college, seminary, conservatory, high school, private elementary school, or language training program uses the F category. This record covers F-1 academic study; M-1 vocational study is separate.", "zh-Hans": "美国国务院说明，希望在美国学习的外国人通常需要学生签证（F 或 M）。在大学、学院、神学院、音乐学院、高中、私立小学或语言培训项目的学术学习使用 F 类别。本记录覆盖 F-1 学术学习；M-1 职业学习另行处理。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "The main US academic student nonimmigrant route. After acceptance by a SEVP-approved school, the school issues Form I-20 and the student pays the SEVIS I-901 fee, then applies for an F-1 visa (usually with Form DS-160 and an interview). Study in the States says on-campus work is limited (generally no more than 20 hours per week while school is in session) and students must show financial ability before arrival. Many graduates later seek post-completion Optional Practical Training (OPT) or employer-sponsored work such as H-1B.", "zh-Hans": "美国主要的学术学生非移民途径。获 SEVP 认证学校录取后，学校签发 I-20，学生缴纳 SEVIS I-901 费，再申请 F-1 签证（通常需 DS-160 与面谈）。Study in the States 说明校内工作有限制（学期中一般每周不超过 20 小时），且入境前须证明经济能力。许多毕业生之后申请毕业后 OPT 或 H-1B 等雇主担保工作。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants admitted to a SEVP-approved academic school who can pay the SEVIS fee and visa fee, present Form I-20, and show intent and funds consistent with F-1 nonimmigrant study.", "zh-Hans": "适合获 SEVP 认证学术院校录取、能支付 SEVIS 与签证费、出示 I-20，并能证明符合 F-1 非移民学习目的与资金条件的申请人。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "People without a SEVP school place, applicants seeking unrestricted employment or a dedicated digital-nomad visa, or those planning degree study on a visitor (B) visa. The United States does not have a dedicated digital-nomad visa in this record.", "zh-Hans": "不适合没有 SEVP 学校录取、寻求不受限制就业或专门数字游民签证，或计划用访问者（B）签证完成学位学习的人。本记录不将美国描述为提供专门数字游民签证。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "other", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "You must be accepted by a SEVP-approved school, which registers you in SEVIS and issues Form I-20. Academic requirements are set by the school and programme, not a single federal education floor on the State Department student-visa page.", "zh-Hans": "必须获 SEVP 认证学校录取；学校在 SEVIS 登记并签发 I-20。学术要求由学校与课程设定，国务院学生签证页面没有单一联邦学历门槛。" } }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": false }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [ { "amount": "unknown", "currency": "USD", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "Study in the States states F-1 students must prove financial ability (for example bank statements) to pay tuition and living expenses while studying. Exact amounts appear on Form I-20 and school guidance.", "zh-Hans": "Study in the States 说明 F-1 学生须证明有经济能力支付学费与生活费（例如银行对账单）。具体金额见 I-20 与学校说明。" } } ], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Nonimmigrant visa application fee (MRV / DS-160)", "zh-Hans": "非移民签证申请费（MRV / DS-160）" }, "amount": 185, "currency": "USD", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "I-901 SEVIS fee (F or M visa applicants, full payment)", "zh-Hans": "I-901 SEVIS 费（F 或 M 签证申请人全额）" }, "amount": 350, "currency": "USD", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The F-1 route uses school cost-of-attendance and financial evidence rather than a recurring employment income threshold.", "zh-Hans": "F-1 途径使用学校就读费用与资金证明，而不是经常性就业收入门槛。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "Interview wait times vary by embassy or consulate. New-student F visas can be issued up to 365 days before the course start date, but entry is generally limited to no more than 30 days before the start date.", "zh-Hans": "面谈等待时间因使领馆而异。新生 F 签证最早可在开课前 365 天签发，但入境一般不得早于开课前 30 天。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": "limited", "local_employment_allowed": "limited", "remote_work_allowed": false, "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": false }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": true, "spouse_work_allowed": false, "dependent_parents_allowed": false, "note_md": { "en": "A spouse and unmarried children who will live with the student may apply for F-2 visas with individual Forms I-20. Dependents do not pay the SEVIS fee. F-2 work authorization is not established as available in the retained sources for this record.", "zh-Hans": "将与学生同住的配偶与未婚子女可凭各自 I-20 申请 F-2 签证。受养人无需缴纳 SEVIS 费。保留来源未确认 F-2 可获得工作授权。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "F-1 status is temporary nonimmigrant study. Later temporary work (such as OPT) or employer-sponsored classifications (such as H-1B) may support longer stays and, in some cases, employment-based permanent residence under separate rules.", "zh-Hans": "F-1 是临时非移民学习身份。之后的临时工作（如 OPT）或雇主担保类别（如 H-1B）可能支持更长停留，并在部分情况下依其他规则通向职业类永久居留。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The F-1 student sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "F-1 学生来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 5, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "Core process steps are clear on Department of State, ICE, and Study in the States pages, but school costs, interview waits, and work-authorization details still need case-level checks.", "zh-Hans": "国务院、ICE 与 Study in the States 页面核心流程清楚，但学校费用、面谈等待与工作授权细节仍需按案件核对。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 4, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": false, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": "unknown", "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": true, "work_allowed": "limited", "remote_work_allowed": false, "leads_to_pr": "indirect", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" }, "source_ids": [ "united-states-student-f1-state", "united-states-sevis-i901-fee", "united-states-study-in-states-work" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "united-states-student-f1-state", "url": "https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/study/student-visa.html", "section": "Student Visa overview, I-20, fees, F-2", "snapshot_id": "a3ed9cc4f0c0cd7dbba7862a0bd6de94dfb1f87fc6eb2326f7343e2c04f3b050", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "united-states-student-f1-state", "url": "https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/study/student-visa.html", "section": "Student Visa overview, I-20, fees, F-2", "snapshot_id": "a3ed9cc4f0c0cd7dbba7862a0bd6de94dfb1f87fc6eb2326f7343e2c04f3b050", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "united-states-student-f1-state", "url": "https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/study/student-visa.html", "section": "Student Visa overview, I-20, fees, F-2", "snapshot_id": "a3ed9cc4f0c0cd7dbba7862a0bd6de94dfb1f87fc6eb2326f7343e2c04f3b050", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "united-states-student-f1-state", "url": "https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/study/student-visa.html", "section": "Students cannot travel on VWP or visitor visas for degree study", "snapshot_id": "a3ed9cc4f0c0cd7dbba7862a0bd6de94dfb1f87fc6eb2326f7343e2c04f3b050", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "united-states-student-f1-state", "url": "https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/study/student-visa.html", "section": "Student Visa overview, I-20, fees, F-2", "snapshot_id": "a3ed9cc4f0c0cd7dbba7862a0bd6de94dfb1f87fc6eb2326f7343e2c04f3b050", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "united-states-student-f1-state", "url": "https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/study/student-visa.html", "section": "Student Visa overview, I-20, fees, F-2", "snapshot_id": "a3ed9cc4f0c0cd7dbba7862a0bd6de94dfb1f87fc6eb2326f7343e2c04f3b050", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "united-states-student-f1-state", "url": "https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/study/student-visa.html", "section": "Application Fee $185", "snapshot_id": "a3ed9cc4f0c0cd7dbba7862a0bd6de94dfb1f87fc6eb2326f7343e2c04f3b050", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" }, { "source_id": "united-states-sevis-i901-fee", "url": "https://www.ice.gov/sevis/i901", "section": "I-901 SEVIS Fee F or M $350", "snapshot_id": "cdf0edaff25544e36591b9abf19f26fb7fd87412199f75c5f3c233f95f8c5fd6", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" }, { "source_id": "united-states-study-in-states-work", "url": "https://studyinthestates.dhs.gov/students/work/working-in-the-united-states", "section": "financial ability tuition and living expenses", "snapshot_id": "170bf3639b351de04a7d97077135a20d84086642acc01a0f64aeb146fda64af2", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "united-states-study-in-states-work", "url": "https://studyinthestates.dhs.gov/students/work/working-in-the-united-states", "section": "prove financial ability before working", "snapshot_id": "170bf3639b351de04a7d97077135a20d84086642acc01a0f64aeb146fda64af2", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "united-states-student-f1-state", "url": "https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/study/student-visa.html", "section": "365 days issuance / 30 days entry for new students", "snapshot_id": "a3ed9cc4f0c0cd7dbba7862a0bd6de94dfb1f87fc6eb2326f7343e2c04f3b050", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "united-states-study-in-states-work", "url": "https://studyinthestates.dhs.gov/students/work/working-in-the-united-states", "section": "On-campus employment 20 hours per week", "snapshot_id": "170bf3639b351de04a7d97077135a20d84086642acc01a0f64aeb146fda64af2", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "united-states-student-f1-state", "url": "https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/study/student-visa.html", "section": "spouse and children F-2 and individual I-20", "snapshot_id": "a3ed9cc4f0c0cd7dbba7862a0bd6de94dfb1f87fc6eb2326f7343e2c04f3b050", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "united-states-student-f1-state", "url": "https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/study/student-visa.html", "section": "Student Visa overview, I-20, fees, F-2", "snapshot_id": "a3ed9cc4f0c0cd7dbba7862a0bd6de94dfb1f87fc6eb2326f7343e2c04f3b050", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "united-states-student-f1-state", "url": "https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/study/student-visa.html", "section": "Student Visa overview, I-20, fees, F-2", "snapshot_id": "a3ed9cc4f0c0cd7dbba7862a0bd6de94dfb1f87fc6eb2326f7343e2c04f3b050", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "united-states-student-f1-state", "url": "https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/study/student-visa.html", "section": "Student Visa overview, I-20, fees, F-2", "snapshot_id": "a3ed9cc4f0c0cd7dbba7862a0bd6de94dfb1f87fc6eb2326f7343e2c04f3b050", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z", "summary": "Added F-1 student coverage from Department of State, ICE SEVIS fee, and Study in the States work pages.", "source_ids": [ "united-states-student-f1-state", "united-states-sevis-i901-fee", "united-states-study-in-states-work" ] } ] }, { "id": "united-states-h1b-specialty-occupations", "country_id": "united-states", "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "H-1B Specialty Occupations", "zh-Hans": "H-1B 专业职业签证" }, "aliases": [ "US H-1B", "H-1B visa" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "USCIS maintains the H-1B specialty-occupation classification. The current USCIS page includes cap-selection and entry-related notices, so availability and filing conditions require human review at application time.", "zh-Hans": "USCIS 继续提供 H-1B 专业职业类别。当前 USCIS 页面包含配额抽选和入境相关通知，因此申请时必须人工核实可用性和递交条件。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A US employer-sponsored nonimmigrant classification for services in a specialty occupation requiring highly specialized knowledge and a directly related bachelor’s degree or equivalent. USCIS describes an employer petition, a certified Labor Condition Application, and an electronic registration process for cap-subject cases.", "zh-Hans": "美国雇主担保的非移民类别，面向需要高度专业知识以及相关学士学位或同等学历的专业职业。USCIS 说明，该途径涉及雇主递交申请、经认证的劳工情况申请，以及受配额限制案件的电子注册流程。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants with a US employer and a specialty-occupation role whose degree, equivalent education or experience, and licensing evidence match the offered position.", "zh-Hans": "适合拥有美国雇主和专业职业岗位，并且学历、同等教育或经验以及执照证明与职位要求相匹配的申请人。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "Applicants without a qualifying employer petition, a directly related specialty qualification, or a selected registration where the case is cap-subject. This is not a general permanent-residence route, and the United States does not have a dedicated digital-nomad visa in this record.", "zh-Hans": "不适合没有合格雇主申请、相关专业资格，或在受配额限制时没有入选注册的申请人。这不是一般性的永久居留途径，且本记录不将美国描述为提供专门数字游民签证。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "bachelor", "credential_assessment_required": "unknown", "credential_assessment_condition": "foreign_education" }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": true, "sponsor_required": true }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": "unknown", "accepted_sources": [ "employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination" }, "timeline": { "initial_validity_months": 36, "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": 72 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": false }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": false, "children_allowed": true, "max_child_age": 21, "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": false }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The H-1B page describes a nonimmigrant classification and does not itself establish a permanent-residence outcome for every case.", "zh-Hans": "H-1B 页面描述的是非移民类别，本身没有确认每个案件的永久居留结果。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The USCIS H-1B page does not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "USCIS H-1B 页面没有确认公民资格。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 2, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 5, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "This bootstrap record is intentionally conservative. Official evidence supports the core route, while detailed fees, family conditions, and long-term outcomes require continued review.", "zh-Hans": "此初始记录有意保持保守。官方证据支持核心途径，但详细费用、家庭条件和长期结果仍需持续审查。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 4, "cost_score": 4, "speed_score": 2, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 2 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "temporary_only", "settlement_track": "temporary_no_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": false, "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": true, "requires_job_offer": true, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": false, "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": true, "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "leads_to_pr": "unknown", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 2, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:29.968Z" }, "source_ids": [ "united-states-h1b-specialty-occupations" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "united-states-h1b-specialty-occupations", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/h-1b-specialty-occupations", "section": "H-1B Specialty Occupations current USCIS notices", "snapshot_id": "0129d196e40811964422e386e48ca279aad456c514282184d9a29f6cb0c9eb36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:29.968Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "united-states-h1b-specialty-occupations", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/h-1b-specialty-occupations", "section": "Classification description and petition process", "snapshot_id": "0129d196e40811964422e386e48ca279aad456c514282184d9a29f6cb0c9eb36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:29.968Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "united-states-h1b-specialty-occupations", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/h-1b-specialty-occupations", "section": "Eligibility criteria for specialty occupations", "snapshot_id": "0129d196e40811964422e386e48ca279aad456c514282184d9a29f6cb0c9eb36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:29.968Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "united-states-h1b-specialty-occupations", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/h-1b-specialty-occupations", "section": "Eligibility criteria and cap-subject registration", "snapshot_id": "0129d196e40811964422e386e48ca279aad456c514282184d9a29f6cb0c9eb36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:29.968Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "united-states-h1b-specialty-occupations", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/h-1b-specialty-occupations", "section": "Employer petition and Labor Condition Application", "snapshot_id": "0129d196e40811964422e386e48ca279aad456c514282184d9a29f6cb0c9eb36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:29.968Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "united-states-h1b-specialty-occupations", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/h-1b-specialty-occupations", "section": "Specialty occupation degree and equivalent requirements", "snapshot_id": "0129d196e40811964422e386e48ca279aad456c514282184d9a29f6cb0c9eb36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:29.968Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "united-states-h1b-specialty-occupations", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/h-1b-specialty-occupations", "section": "Filing and payment notices", "snapshot_id": "0129d196e40811964422e386e48ca279aad456c514282184d9a29f6cb0c9eb36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:29.968Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "united-states-h1b-specialty-occupations", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/h-1b-specialty-occupations", "section": "Employer-sponsored employment condition", "snapshot_id": "0129d196e40811964422e386e48ca279aad456c514282184d9a29f6cb0c9eb36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:29.968Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "united-states-h1b-specialty-occupations", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/h-1b-specialty-occupations", "section": "H-1B validity and electronic registration process", "snapshot_id": "0129d196e40811964422e386e48ca279aad456c514282184d9a29f6cb0c9eb36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:29.968Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "united-states-h1b-specialty-occupations", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/h-1b-specialty-occupations", "section": "Employment authorization and portability", "snapshot_id": "0129d196e40811964422e386e48ca279aad456c514282184d9a29f6cb0c9eb36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:29.968Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "united-states-h1b-specialty-occupations", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/h-1b-specialty-occupations", "section": "Family of H-1B nonimmigrants", "snapshot_id": "0129d196e40811964422e386e48ca279aad456c514282184d9a29f6cb0c9eb36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:29.968Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "united-states-h1b-specialty-occupations", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/h-1b-specialty-occupations", "section": "Nonimmigrant classification caveat", "snapshot_id": "0129d196e40811964422e386e48ca279aad456c514282184d9a29f6cb0c9eb36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:29.968Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "united-states-h1b-specialty-occupations", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/h-1b-specialty-occupations", "section": "Citizenship not established", "snapshot_id": "0129d196e40811964422e386e48ca279aad456c514282184d9a29f6cb0c9eb36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:29.968Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "united-states-h1b-specialty-occupations", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/h-1b-specialty-occupations", "section": "Conservative comparison and filter fields", "snapshot_id": "0129d196e40811964422e386e48ca279aad456c514282184d9a29f6cb0c9eb36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:29.968Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T11:42:03Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true }, "changelog": [ { "changed_at": "2026-07-11T11:42:03Z", "summary": "Added H-1B Specialty Occupations bootstrap fixture from retained official evidence.", "source_ids": [ "united-states-h1b-specialty-occupations" ] } ] }, { "id": "united-states-opt-f1", "country_id": "united-states", "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Optional Practical Training (OPT) for F-1 students", "zh-Hans": "F-1 学生选择性实习培训（OPT）" }, "aliases": [ "US OPT", "Post-completion OPT", "STEM OPT extension" ], "status": "active", "status_note_md": { "en": "USCIS describes OPT as temporary employment directly related to an F-1 student’s major. Eligible students may receive up to 12 months of OPT (pre- and/or post-completion). Certain STEM graduates may apply for a 24-month STEM OPT extension with an E-Verify employer.", "zh-Hans": "USCIS 将 OPT 描述为与 F-1 学生主修直接相关的临时就业。合资格学生最多可获 12 个月 OPT（完成前和/或完成后）。部分 STEM 毕业生可向使用 E-Verify 的雇主申请 24 个月 STEM OPT 延期。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "A US post-study and in-study training authorization for F-1 students. After a DSO recommends OPT in SEVIS and endorses Form I-20, the student files Form I-765 with USCIS. Post-completion OPT generally requires at least 20 hours of work per week related to the major. STEM OPT can add 24 months for designated degrees. OPT is not permanent residence; many students later seek H-1B or other work classifications.", "zh-Hans": "面向 F-1 学生的美国在读/毕业后培训授权。DSO 在 SEVIS 推荐 OPT 并背书 I-20 后，学生向 USCIS 递交 I-765。完成后 OPT 通常要求每周至少 20 小时与主修相关的工作。指定 STEM 学位可再延长 24 个月。OPT 不是永久居留；许多学生之后申请 H-1B 等其他工作类别。" }, "good_for_md": { "en": "F-1 students who have completed (or will complete) a full academic year at a SEVP-certified college, university, conservatory, or seminary, whose employment relates to the major, and who can obtain a DSO recommendation and timely file Form I-765.", "zh-Hans": "适合在 SEVP 认证高校/音乐学院/神学院完成（或即将完成）一整个学年、就业与主修相关，并能获得 DSO 推荐并及时递交 I-765 的 F-1 学生。" }, "not_good_for_md": { "en": "People who are not in F-1 status, ESL-only students without OPT eligibility, applicants without a major-related training opportunity, or those seeking a dedicated digital-nomad visa unrelated to US study. Unemployment on post-completion OPT is tightly limited.", "zh-Hans": "不适合非 F-1 身份、仅 ESL 不合 OPT 资格、没有与主修相关培训机会，或寻求与美国学习无关的数字游民签证的人。完成后 OPT 的失业天数限制严格。" }, "pathway_mechanism": "other", "eligibility": { "age": {}, "education": { "required_level": "unknown", "credential_assessment_required": false, "note_md": { "en": "USCIS requires lawful full-time enrollment for one full academic year at a SEVP-certified college, university, conservatory, or seminary for pre-completion OPT. Employment must be directly related to the major. Pre-completion OPT reduces remaining post-completion OPT. STEM OPT requires a designated STEM degree, E-Verify employment, and a prior post-completion OPT grant based on that STEM degree.", "zh-Hans": "USCIS 要求完成前 OPT 前在 SEVP 认证高校/音乐学院/神学院合法全日制就读满一学年。就业须与主修直接相关。完成前 OPT 会扣减完成后 OPT。STEM OPT 需要指定 STEM 学位、E-Verify 雇主，以及基于该 STEM 学位的完成后 OPT。" } }, "work_experience": {}, "language": [], "health_check_required": "unknown", "police_certificate_required": "unknown", "points_based": false, "job_offer_required": false, "sponsor_required": false }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "OPT is employment authorization related to the major rather than a minimum-income route. Post-completion OPT requires part-time (at least 20 hours per week) or full-time work as authorized.", "zh-Hans": "OPT 是与主修相关的就业授权，而不是最低收入途径。完成后 OPT 须按授权从事兼职（每周至少 20 小时）或全职工作。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "For initial post-completion OPT, USCIS says you must apply after the DSO enters the recommendation, within 30 days of that recommendation, and no later than 60 days after degree completion (and up to 90 days before completion). Regular OPT is up to 12 months per education level; STEM OPT can add 24 months.", "zh-Hans": "USCIS 说明初始完成后 OPT 须在 DSO 录入推荐后申请，推荐后 30 天内，且不得晚于毕业后 60 天（最早可在毕业前 90 天）。常规 OPT 每个教育层次最长 12 个月；STEM OPT 可再加 24 个月。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "initial_validity_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": 36 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "limited", "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "limited", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "limited", "spouse_work_allowed": false, "dependent_parents_allowed": false, "note_md": { "en": "F-2 dependants remain tied to the principal F-1 status. The OPT page focuses on the F-1 student’s employment authorization rather than expanding F-2 work rights.", "zh-Hans": "F-2 受养人仍依附于主申请人 F-1 身份。OPT 页面侧重 F-1 学生就业授权，并未扩大 F-2 工作权利。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "OPT is temporary training authorization. USCIS also describes a cap-gap extension when a timely H-1B petition and change of status are filed. Permanent residence, if any, depends on a later immigrant category, not on OPT itself.", "zh-Hans": "OPT 是临时培训授权。USCIS 也描述在及时递交 H-1B 申请与身份变更时的 cap-gap 延期。永久居留（如有）取决于后续移民类别，而非 OPT 本身。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The OPT sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "OPT 来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "risk": { "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "extraction_confidence_score": 5, "needs_human_review": true, "rationale_md": { "en": "USCIS rules for OPT and STEM OPT are detailed and can change; filing windows, unemployment limits, and employer E-Verify conditions need case-level review.", "zh-Hans": "USCIS 对 OPT 与 STEM OPT 规则详细且可能变化；递交窗口、失业限制与雇主 E-Verify 条件需按案件审查。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 2, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "pathway_type": "temporary_only", "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "accepts_remote_income": false, "accepts_self_employment": "unknown", "accepts_overseas_remote_income": false, "requires_degree": true, "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_investment": false, "requires_language_test": false, "requires_local_entity": false, "allows_family": "unknown", "work_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "leads_to_pr": "indirect", "leads_to_citizenship": "unknown", "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "policy_stability_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" }, "source_ids": [ "united-states-opt-f1", "united-states-study-in-states-work" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "united-states-opt-f1", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/students-and-exchange-visitors/optional-practical-training-opt-for-f-1-students", "section": "Optional Practical Training for F-1 Students", "snapshot_id": "f4182c8a0ee6d177a630540259d4ee9b03e14dff7829450a9d6f0e2ce689821f", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "united-states-opt-f1", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/students-and-exchange-visitors/optional-practical-training-opt-for-f-1-students", "section": "Optional Practical Training for F-1 Students", "snapshot_id": "f4182c8a0ee6d177a630540259d4ee9b03e14dff7829450a9d6f0e2ce689821f", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "united-states-opt-f1", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/students-and-exchange-visitors/optional-practical-training-opt-for-f-1-students", "section": "Optional Practical Training for F-1 Students", "snapshot_id": "f4182c8a0ee6d177a630540259d4ee9b03e14dff7829450a9d6f0e2ce689821f", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "united-states-opt-f1", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/students-and-exchange-visitors/optional-practical-training-opt-for-f-1-students", "section": "Optional Practical Training for F-1 Students", "snapshot_id": "f4182c8a0ee6d177a630540259d4ee9b03e14dff7829450a9d6f0e2ce689821f", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "united-states-opt-f1", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/students-and-exchange-visitors/optional-practical-training-opt-for-f-1-students", "section": "Optional Practical Training for F-1 Students", "snapshot_id": "f4182c8a0ee6d177a630540259d4ee9b03e14dff7829450a9d6f0e2ce689821f", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "united-states-opt-f1", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/students-and-exchange-visitors/optional-practical-training-opt-for-f-1-students", "section": "one full academic year; 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