{ "schema_version": 1, "programs": [ { "program_id": "australia-skilled-independent-189", "country_id": "australia", "country_names": { "en": "Australia", "zh-Hans": "澳大利亚" }, "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Skilled Independent visa (subclass 189) — Points-tested stream", "zh-Hans": "独立技术移民签证（189 子类）- 积分测试类别" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "points_invitation", "summary_md": { "en": "A permanent skilled visa for invited workers who do not need an employer or state sponsor. Applicants must nominate an eligible occupation, hold a suitable skills assessment, satisfy the points test, and be invited to apply.", "zh-Hans": "为不需要雇主或国家担保的受邀工人提供永久技术签证。申请人必须提名一个合格的职业，进行适当的技能评估，满足分数测试，并被邀请申请。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Main applicant charge, from official materials", "zh-Hans": "主申请人费用，来自官方材料" }, "amount": 6135, "currency": "AUD", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": false, "accepted_sources": [], "income_location": "not_applicable", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "No fixed income floor is stated as a universal subclass 189 points-tested minimum.", "zh-Hans": "没有固定收入下限被规定为通用子类 189 点测试的最低标准。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "Use the official visa processing times tool for current indications. Invitation timing is separate from post-application processing.", "zh-Hans": "使用官方签证处理时间工具了解当前情况。邀请时间与申请后处理是分开的。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "renewable": false }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": "unknown", "healthcare_access_md": { "en": "Permanent residents may access Medicare if eligible.", "zh-Hans": "如果符合条件，永久居民可以享受医疗保险。" }, "tax_residency_note_md": { "en": "Tax residence depends on Australian tax rules and personal circumstances.", "zh-Hans": "税务居住地取决于澳大利亚税务规则和个人情况。" } }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": true, "spouse_work_allowed": true, "dependent_parents_allowed": "not_applicable", "note_md": { "en": "Members of the family unit can be included in the application and must meet health and character requirements.", "zh-Hans": "家庭成员可以包含在申请中，并且必须满足健康和品格要求。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": true, "summary_md": { "en": "A successful application grants Australian permanent residence directly.", "zh-Hans": "成功申请可直接授予澳大利亚永久居留权。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "min_residence_years": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "Permanent residents may later apply for Australian citizenship if they meet the separate citizenship requirements.", "zh-Hans": "如果永久居民满足单独的公民身份要求，则可以稍后申请澳大利亚公民身份。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 4, "cost_score": 4, "permanence_score": 5, "family_friendliness_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 4, "policy_stability_score": 4 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "direct_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "points_invitation", "pathway_type": "direct_pr", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "australia-home-affairs-189", "australia-home-affairs-189-points-tested", "australia-home-affairs-points-table", "australia-skillselect-eoi", "australia-home-affairs-english", "australia-home-affairs-skills-assessment", "australia-home-affairs-citizenship" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "australia-home-affairs-189-points-tested", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-independent-189/points-tested", "section": "Overview", "snapshot_id": "044ab9b46892f2523ea5a6c14f400df64023d42a6d5af4db715bd4654af21248", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "australia-skillselect-eoi", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/working-in-australia/skillselect/expression-of-interest", "section": "points threshold of 65", "snapshot_id": "1c6541a53f81c1cad6b58ec025cb89fbd3850ccb83180f49e9ab620990df4c64", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "australia-home-affairs-189-points-tested", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-independent-189/points-tested", "section": "About this visa", "snapshot_id": "044ab9b46892f2523ea5a6c14f400df64023d42a6d5af4db715bd4654af21248", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "australia-home-affairs-189-points-tested", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-independent-189/points-tested", "section": "You must", "snapshot_id": "044ab9b46892f2523ea5a6c14f400df64023d42a6d5af4db715bd4654af21248", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "australia-skillselect-eoi", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/working-in-australia/skillselect/expression-of-interest", "section": "Check you will meet or exceed the points threshold", "snapshot_id": "1c6541a53f81c1cad6b58ec025cb89fbd3850ccb83180f49e9ab620990df4c64", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "australia-home-affairs-189-points-tested", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-independent-189/points-tested", "section": "You must", "snapshot_id": "044ab9b46892f2523ea5a6c14f400df64023d42a6d5af4db715bd4654af21248", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" }, { "source_id": "australia-home-affairs-points-table", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-independent-189/points-table", "section": "Points table", "snapshot_id": "be0c735ef99aa880acd2e0af816e46bfdc54245962ae0c3baf19a6b3679a0e72", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" }, { "source_id": "australia-home-affairs-skills-assessment", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/working-in-australia/skills-assessment", "section": "Skills assessment", "snapshot_id": "28bc00e77d7511aa91fb735a8ef78b075df92a9310a7e8906ce9454b3faf7165", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" }, { "source_id": "australia-home-affairs-english", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/english-language", "section": "English language", "snapshot_id": "a334ffb306ea0aa0e01b02380f7b4cf0b644646e776d320642f176473691dc50", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "australia-home-affairs-189-points-tested", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-independent-189/points-tested", "section": "Cost", "snapshot_id": "044ab9b46892f2523ea5a6c14f400df64023d42a6d5af4db715bd4654af21248", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "australia-home-affairs-189-points-tested", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-independent-189/points-tested", "section": "About this visa", "snapshot_id": "044ab9b46892f2523ea5a6c14f400df64023d42a6d5af4db715bd4654af21248", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "australia-home-affairs-189-points-tested", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-independent-189/points-tested", "section": "Processing times", "snapshot_id": "044ab9b46892f2523ea5a6c14f400df64023d42a6d5af4db715bd4654af21248", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "australia-home-affairs-189-points-tested", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-independent-189/points-tested", "section": "With this visa, you can", "snapshot_id": "044ab9b46892f2523ea5a6c14f400df64023d42a6d5af4db715bd4654af21248", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "australia-home-affairs-189-points-tested", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-independent-189/points-tested", "section": "Include family", "snapshot_id": "044ab9b46892f2523ea5a6c14f400df64023d42a6d5af4db715bd4654af21248", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "australia-home-affairs-189-points-tested", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-independent-189/points-tested", "section": "How long you can stay", "snapshot_id": "044ab9b46892f2523ea5a6c14f400df64023d42a6d5af4db715bd4654af21248", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "australia-home-affairs-citizenship", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/citizenship/become-a-citizen", "section": "Become an Australian citizen", "snapshot_id": "fd76d163ab67913f4db1040ce5d22a2d4a25d10f4d5ea29e9aa33e18ff946803", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "australia-home-affairs-189-points-tested", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-independent-189/points-tested", "section": "You must", "snapshot_id": "044ab9b46892f2523ea5a6c14f400df64023d42a6d5af4db715bd4654af21248", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" }, { "source_id": "australia-skillselect-eoi", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/working-in-australia/skillselect/expression-of-interest", "section": "points threshold of 65", "snapshot_id": "1c6541a53f81c1cad6b58ec025cb89fbd3850ccb83180f49e9ab620990df4c64", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z", "update_frequency_days": 7, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "australia-skills-in-demand-482", "country_id": "australia", "country_names": { "en": "Australia", "zh-Hans": "澳大利亚" }, "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Skills in Demand visa (subclass 482) — Core Skills stream", "zh-Hans": "技能需求签证（482 子类）- 核心技能类别" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "summary_md": { "en": "An employer-sponsored temporary skilled visa for nominated workers in the Core Skills stream, where the employer is addressing a labour shortage and the nominated role meets the stream rules.", "zh-Hans": "面向核心技能类别获提名工人的雇主担保临时技术签证，适用于雇主应对劳动力短缺且提名职位符合类别规则的情况。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": true, "min_income": [ { "amount": 79423, "currency": "AUD", "period": "annual", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "For Core Skills stream nomination applications lodged between 1 July 2026 and 30 June 2027, the Department lists a Core Skills Income Threshold of AUD 79,423. The applicable threshold and market salary rate must be checked at filing.", "zh-Hans": "对于 2026 年 7 月 1 日至 2027 年 6 月 30 日提交的核心技能类别提名申请，内政部列出的核心技能收入门槛为 79,423 澳元。递交时必须核对适用门槛和市场薪资。" } } ], "accepted_sources": [ "employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The employer must meet market-salary and income-threshold rules for the nominated worker.", "zh-Hans": "雇主必须为被提名工人满足市场薪资和收入门槛规则。" } }, "timeline": { "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": false }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": true, "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "not_applicable" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained 482 sources establish temporary skilled employment but do not establish a permanent-residence outcome.", "zh-Hans": "保留的 482 子类来源确立了临时技术就业，但没有确认永久居留结果。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained 482 sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "保留的 482 子类来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 4, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "requires_job_offer": true, "requires_local_entity": true }, "source_ids": [ "australia-skills-in-demand-482", "australia-skills-in-demand-482-english", "australia-skills-in-demand-482-salary", "australia-skills-in-demand-482-family" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "australia-skills-in-demand-482", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-visa-subclass-482/core-skills-stream", "section": "Core Skills stream overview", "snapshot_id": "1032dacd7d171e3f8a284683f8f2c12798e3cc959513f2bdfd89cf1da8de0703", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:16.353Z" } ], "/status_note_md": [ { "source_id": "australia-skills-in-demand-482", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-visa-subclass-482/core-skills-stream", "section": "Core Skills stream overview", "snapshot_id": "1032dacd7d171e3f8a284683f8f2c12798e3cc959513f2bdfd89cf1da8de0703", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:16.353Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "australia-skills-in-demand-482", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-visa-subclass-482/core-skills-stream", "section": "Core Skills stream overview", "snapshot_id": "1032dacd7d171e3f8a284683f8f2c12798e3cc959513f2bdfd89cf1da8de0703", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:16.353Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "australia-skills-in-demand-482", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-visa-subclass-482/core-skills-stream", "section": "Employer nomination and labour-shortage route", "snapshot_id": "1032dacd7d171e3f8a284683f8f2c12798e3cc959513f2bdfd89cf1da8de0703", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:16.353Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "australia-skills-in-demand-482", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-visa-subclass-482/core-skills-stream", "section": "Employer-nominated temporary route", "snapshot_id": "1032dacd7d171e3f8a284683f8f2c12798e3cc959513f2bdfd89cf1da8de0703", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:16.353Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "australia-skills-in-demand-482", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-visa-subclass-482/core-skills-stream", "section": "Employer nomination", "snapshot_id": "1032dacd7d171e3f8a284683f8f2c12798e3cc959513f2bdfd89cf1da8de0703", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:16.353Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "australia-skills-in-demand-482-english", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-visa-subclass-482/sufficient-english", "section": "Core Skills stream requirements", "snapshot_id": "a84096627e457b1f7f471ff223b6635fb885c3fdf22b021f60d699b563236bdb", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:16.582Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "australia-skills-in-demand-482", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-visa-subclass-482/core-skills-stream", "section": "Visa requirements", "snapshot_id": "1032dacd7d171e3f8a284683f8f2c12798e3cc959513f2bdfd89cf1da8de0703", "retrieved_at": 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"snapshot_id": "1032dacd7d171e3f8a284683f8f2c12798e3cc959513f2bdfd89cf1da8de0703", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:16.353Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "australia-skills-in-demand-482-family", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-visa-subclass-482/subsequent-entrant", "section": "Subsequent entrant", "snapshot_id": "d2a6bace552d3d59602065a86354c6ea7fb46ae1f3640a4ae618103eb5bd34ce", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:17.980Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "australia-skills-in-demand-482", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-visa-subclass-482/core-skills-stream", "section": "Temporary visa route", "snapshot_id": "1032dacd7d171e3f8a284683f8f2c12798e3cc959513f2bdfd89cf1da8de0703", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:16.353Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "australia-skills-in-demand-482", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-visa-subclass-482/core-skills-stream", "section": "Temporary visa route", "snapshot_id": "1032dacd7d171e3f8a284683f8f2c12798e3cc959513f2bdfd89cf1da8de0703", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:16.353Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "australia-skills-in-demand-482", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-visa-subclass-482/core-skills-stream", "section": "Core Skills stream overview", "snapshot_id": "1032dacd7d171e3f8a284683f8f2c12798e3cc959513f2bdfd89cf1da8de0703", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:16.353Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T12:44:53Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T12:44:53Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.318Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "australia-student-500", "country_id": "australia", "country_names": { "en": "Australia", "zh-Hans": "澳大利亚" }, "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Student visa (subclass 500)", "zh-Hans": "学生签证（500 子类）" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "summary_md": { "en": "Australia's principal student visa for international students enrolled in an eligible Australian course. The public Home Affairs page is dynamic, so detailed requirements are kept conservative until each requirement page is captured.", "zh-Hans": "澳大利亚面向就读合资格课程的国际学生的主要学生签证。由于内政部公开页面为动态页面，在逐项获取要求页面之前，详细要求保持保守。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable" }, "timeline": { "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": "unknown", "local_employment_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": false }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "not_applicable" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The Student visa source does not establish a permanent-residence outcome.", "zh-Hans": "学生签证来源没有确认永久居留结果。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The Student visa source does not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "学生签证来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "australia-student-500" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "australia-student-500", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/student-500", "section": "Subclass 500 Student visa", "snapshot_id": "5b493a82df4f40e0a80c73f3a7ab82e4d370e09da8fbaf35cab7f87922576be1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.090Z" } ], "/status_note_md": [ { "source_id": "australia-student-500", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/student-500", "section": "Last updated 1 July 2026", "snapshot_id": "5b493a82df4f40e0a80c73f3a7ab82e4d370e09da8fbaf35cab7f87922576be1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.090Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "australia-student-500", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/student-500", "section": "Subclass 500 Student visa", "snapshot_id": "5b493a82df4f40e0a80c73f3a7ab82e4d370e09da8fbaf35cab7f87922576be1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.090Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "australia-student-500", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/student-500", "section": "Subclass 500 Student visa", "snapshot_id": "5b493a82df4f40e0a80c73f3a7ab82e4d370e09da8fbaf35cab7f87922576be1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.090Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "australia-student-500", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/student-500", "section": "Subclass 500 Student visa", "snapshot_id": "5b493a82df4f40e0a80c73f3a7ab82e4d370e09da8fbaf35cab7f87922576be1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.090Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "australia-student-500", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/student-500", "section": "Subclass 500 Student visa", "snapshot_id": "5b493a82df4f40e0a80c73f3a7ab82e4d370e09da8fbaf35cab7f87922576be1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.090Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "australia-student-500", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/student-500", "section": "Subclass 500 Student visa", "snapshot_id": "5b493a82df4f40e0a80c73f3a7ab82e4d370e09da8fbaf35cab7f87922576be1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.090Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "australia-student-500", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/student-500", "section": "Subclass 500 Student visa", "snapshot_id": "5b493a82df4f40e0a80c73f3a7ab82e4d370e09da8fbaf35cab7f87922576be1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.090Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "australia-student-500", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/student-500", "section": "Subclass 500 Student visa", "snapshot_id": "5b493a82df4f40e0a80c73f3a7ab82e4d370e09da8fbaf35cab7f87922576be1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.090Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "australia-student-500", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/student-500", "section": "Subclass 500 Student visa", "snapshot_id": "5b493a82df4f40e0a80c73f3a7ab82e4d370e09da8fbaf35cab7f87922576be1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.090Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "australia-student-500", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/student-500", "section": "Subclass 500 Student visa", "snapshot_id": "5b493a82df4f40e0a80c73f3a7ab82e4d370e09da8fbaf35cab7f87922576be1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.090Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "australia-student-500", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/student-500", "section": "Subclass 500 Student visa", "snapshot_id": "5b493a82df4f40e0a80c73f3a7ab82e4d370e09da8fbaf35cab7f87922576be1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.090Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "australia-student-500", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/student-500", "section": "Subclass 500 Student visa", "snapshot_id": "5b493a82df4f40e0a80c73f3a7ab82e4d370e09da8fbaf35cab7f87922576be1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.090Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "australia-student-500", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/student-500", "section": "Subclass 500 Student visa", "snapshot_id": "5b493a82df4f40e0a80c73f3a7ab82e4d370e09da8fbaf35cab7f87922576be1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.090Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "australia-student-500", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/student-500", "section": "Subclass 500 Student visa", "snapshot_id": "5b493a82df4f40e0a80c73f3a7ab82e4d370e09da8fbaf35cab7f87922576be1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.090Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T12:44:53Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T12:44:53Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.318Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485", "country_id": "australia", "country_names": { "en": "Australia", "zh-Hans": "澳大利亚" }, "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Temporary Graduate visa (subclass 485)", "zh-Hans": "临时毕业生签证（485 子类）" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "summary_md": { "en": "A temporary visa allowing eligible international graduates to live, study and work in Australia after completing qualifying Australian study. The official page describes separate post-vocational and post-higher-education streams.", "zh-Hans": "允许合资格国际毕业生在完成符合条件的澳大利亚学习后在澳大利亚居住、学习和工作的临时签证。官方页面描述了职业教育毕业后和高等教育毕业后两个类别。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable" }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "The post-vocational stream states up to 18 months; the post-higher-education stream usually states between 2 and 3 years, with special rules for Hong Kong and British National Overseas passport holders.", "zh-Hans": "职业教育毕业后类别说明最长 18 个月；高等教育毕业后类别通常说明 2 至 3 年，香港和英国国民（海外）护照持有人有特殊规则。" }, "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": false, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": true, "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "not_applicable" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The Temporary Graduate sources establish a temporary post-study work route but do not establish a permanent-residence outcome.", "zh-Hans": "临时毕业生来源确立了毕业后临时工作途径，但没有确认永久居留结果。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The Temporary Graduate sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "临时毕业生来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 4, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "pathway_type": "temporary_only", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "australia-temporary-graduate-485", "australia-temporary-graduate-485-vocational", "australia-temporary-graduate-485-higher" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485", "section": "Temporary Graduate visa", "snapshot_id": "37fc4d2c7409a0d0c0e058588747bab94fbf182d1f06723fb463dc5df7642cfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.160Z" } ], "/status_note_md": [ { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485", "section": "Temporary Graduate visa", "snapshot_id": "37fc4d2c7409a0d0c0e058588747bab94fbf182d1f06723fb463dc5df7642cfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.160Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485", "section": "Temporary Graduate visa", "snapshot_id": "37fc4d2c7409a0d0c0e058588747bab94fbf182d1f06723fb463dc5df7642cfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.160Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485", "section": "Basic Eligibility", "snapshot_id": "37fc4d2c7409a0d0c0e058588747bab94fbf182d1f06723fb463dc5df7642cfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.160Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485", "section": "Basic Eligibility and stream selection", "snapshot_id": "37fc4d2c7409a0d0c0e058588747bab94fbf182d1f06723fb463dc5df7642cfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.160Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485", "section": "Temporary Graduate visa", "snapshot_id": "37fc4d2c7409a0d0c0e058588747bab94fbf182d1f06723fb463dc5df7642cfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.160Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485", "section": "Basic Eligibility", "snapshot_id": "37fc4d2c7409a0d0c0e058588747bab94fbf182d1f06723fb463dc5df7642cfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.160Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485", "section": "Cost", "snapshot_id": "37fc4d2c7409a0d0c0e058588747bab94fbf182d1f06723fb463dc5df7642cfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.160Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485", "section": "Temporary Graduate visa", "snapshot_id": "37fc4d2c7409a0d0c0e058588747bab94fbf182d1f06723fb463dc5df7642cfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.160Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485-vocational", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485/post-vocational-education-work", "section": "Stay", "snapshot_id": "515525c23bfe5ee4512f1ab458c905355fd4202ba8e802e664848885f77c7d22", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.318Z" }, { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485-higher", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485/post-higher-education-work", "section": "Stay", "snapshot_id": "83a7382f61c66e10b2878b930a88f346d7d4af881beecef79987ca8c7e2ef765", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.255Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485-vocational", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485/post-vocational-education-work", "section": "You can work in Australia", "snapshot_id": "515525c23bfe5ee4512f1ab458c905355fd4202ba8e802e664848885f77c7d22", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.318Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485-vocational", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485/post-vocational-education-work", "section": "You can bring your family with you", "snapshot_id": "515525c23bfe5ee4512f1ab458c905355fd4202ba8e802e664848885f77c7d22", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.318Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485", "section": "Temporary Graduate visa", "snapshot_id": "37fc4d2c7409a0d0c0e058588747bab94fbf182d1f06723fb463dc5df7642cfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.160Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485", "section": "Temporary Graduate visa", "snapshot_id": "37fc4d2c7409a0d0c0e058588747bab94fbf182d1f06723fb463dc5df7642cfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.160Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "australia-temporary-graduate-485", "url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-graduate-485", "section": "Temporary Graduate visa", "snapshot_id": "37fc4d2c7409a0d0c0e058588747bab94fbf182d1f06723fb463dc5df7642cfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.160Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T12:44:53Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T12:44:53Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.318Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "canada-express-entry-cec", "country_id": "canada", "country_names": { "en": "Canada", "zh-Hans": "加拿大" }, "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Canadian Experience Class", "zh-Hans": "加拿大经验类移民" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "points_invitation", "summary_md": { "en": "A federal permanent-residence pathway for skilled workers who have at least one year of authorized skilled work experience in Canada (TEER 0–3), meet language minimums, and plan to live outside Quebec. Candidates compete for invitations through Express Entry.", "zh-Hans": "面向在加拿大拥有至少一年获授权技术工作经验（TEER 0–3）、满足语言最低要求并计划在魁北克以外定居的技术工人的联邦永久居留途径。候选人通过快速通道竞争邀请。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Principal applicant, including right of permanent residence fee", "zh-Hans": "主申请人，包括永久居留权费用" }, "amount": 1590, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Principal applicant, without right of permanent residence fee", "zh-Hans": "主申请人，无永久居留权费用" }, "amount": 990, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Spouse or partner, including right of permanent residence fee", "zh-Hans": "配偶或伴侣，包括永久居留权费用" }, "amount": 1590, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "family" }, { "label": { "en": "Dependent child", "zh-Hans": "受抚养子女" }, "amount": 270, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "per_dependent" } ] }, "income": { "required": false, "accepted_sources": [ "employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The program requires qualifying paid Canadian skilled work experience rather than a separate recurring-income threshold or settlement-funds table.", "zh-Hans": "该计划要求合资格的带薪加拿大技术工作经验，而不是单独的经常性收入门槛或定居资金表。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "Processing time is dynamic and depends on the application and current IRCC inventory. Use the official processing-times tool for the current estimate after an invitation to apply.", "zh-Hans": "处理时间是动态的，取决于申请和当前 IRCC 库存。获邀申请后请使用官方处理时间工具查看当前估计。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "renewable": false }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": true, "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": "unknown", "healthcare_access_md": { "en": "Permanent residents may qualify for public health coverage, but enrollment and waiting rules are provincial or territorial.", "zh-Hans": "永久居民可能有资格享受公共卫生保险，但注册和等待规则由省或地区规定。" } }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": true, "children_allowed": true, "spouse_work_allowed": true, "dependent_parents_allowed": "not_applicable", "note_md": { "en": "A spouse or common-law partner and dependent children must be declared and may accompany the principal applicant, subject to admissibility and document rules.", "zh-Hans": "配偶或同居伴侣和受抚养子女必须申报并可以陪同主申请人，但须符合入境与文件规则。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": true, "summary_md": { "en": "A successful Canadian Experience Class application grants Canadian permanent residence directly through Express Entry.", "zh-Hans": "成功的加拿大经验类申请通过快速通道直接授予加拿大永久居留权。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "min_residence_years": 3, "summary_md": { "en": "Permanent residence can lead to citizenship after the separate citizenship physical-presence, language, and other requirements are met.", "zh-Hans": "满足单独的公民身份实际居住、语言和其他要求后，永久居留可通向公民身份。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 5, "family_friendliness_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 4 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "direct_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "points_invitation", "pathway_type": "direct_pr", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "canada-ircc-cec", "canada-ircc-language-tests", "canada-ircc-fees", "canada-ircc-rounds", "canada-ircc-citizenship", "canada-ircc-pr-rights", "canada-ircc-family-inclusion", "canada-ircc-police-certificates", "canada-ircc-medical-exams", "canada-ircc-processing-times" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-cec", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/canadian-experience-class.html", "quote_md": "The Canadian Experience Class is for skilled workers who have Canadian work experience and want to become permanent residents.", "section": "Canadian Experience Class", "snapshot_id": "27b223e27b7dc56fcac01de9fcf17d0a2674fbefa06143a7c9816fc7ad70f629", "quote_hash": "57ce579ec3c520606a96c9fd64c8dd0ec6552df62f6240a36e541e8be12e54b0", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/status_note_md": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-cec", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/canadian-experience-class.html", "section": "Canadian Experience Class", "snapshot_id": "27b223e27b7dc56fcac01de9fcf17d0a2674fbefa06143a7c9816fc7ad70f629", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-cec", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/canadian-experience-class.html", "section": "Canadian skilled work experience and where you can live", "snapshot_id": "27b223e27b7dc56fcac01de9fcf17d0a2674fbefa06143a7c9816fc7ad70f629", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-cec", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/canadian-experience-class.html", "section": "Canadian skilled work experience", "snapshot_id": "27b223e27b7dc56fcac01de9fcf17d0a2674fbefa06143a7c9816fc7ad70f629", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-cec", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/canadian-experience-class.html", "section": "Self-employment and student work experience; Where you can live in Canada", "snapshot_id": "27b223e27b7dc56fcac01de9fcf17d0a2674fbefa06143a7c9816fc7ad70f629", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-cec", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/canadian-experience-class.html", "section": "Canadian Experience Class", "snapshot_id": "27b223e27b7dc56fcac01de9fcf17d0a2674fbefa06143a7c9816fc7ad70f629", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-cec", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/canadian-experience-class.html", "section": "Canadian skilled work experience, language ability, education, admissibility", "snapshot_id": "27b223e27b7dc56fcac01de9fcf17d0a2674fbefa06143a7c9816fc7ad70f629", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" }, { "source_id": "canada-ircc-language-tests", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/documents/language-test.html", "section": "Canadian Experience Class language requirements", "snapshot_id": "49a30ed7eace3803a70063a068b8692175ef07f93fbed1cb34da46f968ac134f", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-fees", "url": "https://ircc.canada.ca/english/information/fees/fees.asp", "section": "Economic immigration (including Express Entry) fees", "snapshot_id": "0f6dce57d6b5c1180025783417a6eb73a12c6eeae89ade8accf88998034a4723", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-cec", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/canadian-experience-class.html", "section": "Paid work requirement", "snapshot_id": "27b223e27b7dc56fcac01de9fcf17d0a2674fbefa06143a7c9816fc7ad70f629", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-processing-times", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/application/check-processing-times.html", "section": "Dynamic processing times", "snapshot_id": "0e6f5b1e07ef4cc6f8016e7d407be1a9d2e83836565744e33078e641ad78e357", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-pr-rights", "url": "https://ircc.canada.ca/english/helpcentre/answer.asp?qnum=1113&top=6", "section": "Permanent resident right to live, work or study in Canada", "snapshot_id": "82ee40826dbf95931477d61a12dd10867729123a2b114eb7f888e79d1fba5c63", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-family-inclusion", "url": "https://ircc.canada.ca/english/helpcentre/answer.asp?qnum=256&top=28", "section": "Who to include on a permanent residence application", "snapshot_id": "039579798e31c030da1c90fa4967f61c05ad3f71a002c16062b27fd4e523a037", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-cec", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/canadian-experience-class.html", "quote_md": "The Canadian Experience Class is for skilled workers who have Canadian work experience and want to become permanent residents.", "section": "Canadian Experience Class permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "27b223e27b7dc56fcac01de9fcf17d0a2674fbefa06143a7c9816fc7ad70f629", "quote_hash": "57ce579ec3c520606a96c9fd64c8dd0ec6552df62f6240a36e541e8be12e54b0", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-citizenship", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/canadian-citizenship/adult-minor/who.html", "section": "Canadian citizenship: Who can apply", "snapshot_id": "71d38956f91d34e513c253c9ddc58488e6d29aeefaa100cd555377c87bcc4e5b", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-cec", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/canadian-experience-class.html", "section": "Conservative Canadian Experience Class filter fields", "snapshot_id": "27b223e27b7dc56fcac01de9fcf17d0a2674fbefa06143a7c9816fc7ad70f629", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T13:30:46.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 7, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "canada-express-entry-fsw", "country_id": "canada", "country_names": { "en": "Canada", "zh-Hans": "加拿大" }, "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Federal Skilled Worker Program", "zh-Hans": "联邦技术工人计划" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "points_invitation", "summary_md": { "en": "A federal permanent-residence pathway for skilled workers with foreign work experience. Candidates must satisfy the Federal Skilled Worker minimum requirements and score at least 67 out of 100 selection-factor points before competing for an invitation through Express Entry.", "zh-Hans": "为具有外国工作经验的技术工人提供联邦永久居留途径。候选人必须满足联邦技术工人的最低要求，并在通过“快速通道”竞争邀请之前获得至少 67 分（满分 100 分）。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [ { "amount": 15263, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "family", "calculation": "minimum_total", "family_size": 1 }, { "amount": 19001, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "family", "calculation": "minimum_total", "family_size": 2 }, { "amount": 23360, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "family", "calculation": "minimum_total", "family_size": 3 }, { "amount": 28362, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "family", "calculation": "minimum_total", "family_size": 4 }, { "amount": 32168, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "family", "calculation": "minimum_total", "family_size": 5 }, { "amount": 36280, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "family", "calculation": "minimum_total", "family_size": 6 }, { "amount": 40392, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "family", "calculation": "minimum_total", "family_size": 7 }, { "amount": 4112, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "per_dependent", "calculation": "increment_per_additional_member", "family_size_above": 7 } ], "proof_of_funds_exemptions": [ { "all_of": [ "authorized_to_work_in_country", "valid_job_offer" ], "note_md": { "en": "Proof of funds is not required when both conditions are met.", "zh-Hans": "当满足这两个条件时，不需要资金证明。" } } ], "exemption_note_md": { "en": "Proof of funds is not required when the applicant is authorized to work in Canada and has a valid Canadian job offer. Family size includes the applicant, spouse or common-law partner, and dependent children, including family members who are not accompanying the applicant.", "zh-Hans": "当申请人被授权在加拿大工作并拥有有效的加拿大工作机会时，不需要提供资金证明。家庭规模包括申请人、配偶或同居伴侣以及受抚养子女，包括不随申请人同行的家庭成员。" }, "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Principal applicant, including right of permanent residence fee", "zh-Hans": "主申请人，包括永久居留权费用" }, "amount": 1590, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Principal applicant, without right of permanent residence fee", "zh-Hans": "主申请人，无永久居留权费用" }, "amount": 990, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Spouse or partner, including right of permanent residence fee", "zh-Hans": "配偶或伴侣，包括永久居留权费用" }, "amount": 1590, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "family" }, { "label": { "en": "Dependent child", "zh-Hans": "受抚养子女" }, "amount": 270, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "per_dependent" } ] }, "income": { "required": false, "accepted_sources": [], "income_location": "not_applicable", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The program uses settlement funds rather than a recurring-income threshold.", "zh-Hans": "该计划使用定居资金而不是经常性收入门槛。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "Processing time is dynamic and depends on the application and current IRCC inventory. Use the cited official processing-times tool for the current estimate.", "zh-Hans": "处理时间是动态的，取决于应用程序和当前 IRCC 库存。使用引用的官方处理时间工具进行当前估计。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "renewable": false }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": true, "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": "unknown", "healthcare_access_md": { "en": "Permanent residents may qualify for public health coverage, but enrollment and waiting rules are provincial or territorial.", "zh-Hans": "永久居民可能有资格享受公共卫生保险，但注册和等待规则是按省或地区规定的。" }, "tax_residency_note_md": { "en": "Tax residence depends on facts and Canadian tax rules; permanent-resident status alone is not a complete tax-residency determination.", "zh-Hans": "税务居住地取决于事实和加拿大税务规则；仅凭永久居民身份并不能完全确定税务居民身份。" } }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": true, "children_allowed": true, "max_child_age": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": true, "dependent_parents_allowed": "not_applicable", "note_md": { "en": "A spouse or common-law partner and dependent children must be declared and may accompany the principal applicant. Each family member must satisfy the applicable admissibility and document requirements.", "zh-Hans": "配偶或同居伴侣和受抚养子女必须申报并可以陪同主申请人。每个家庭成员都必须满足适用的准入和文件要求。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": true, "summary_md": { "en": "A successful application grants Canadian permanent residence directly.", "zh-Hans": "成功申请可直接授予加拿大永久居留权。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "min_residence_years": 3, "physical_presence_requirement_md": { "en": "Adult citizenship applicants generally need at least 1,095 days of physical presence during the five-year eligibility period, including at least 730 days as a permanent resident.", "zh-Hans": "成年公民申请人通常需要在五年资格期内实际居住至少 1,095 天，其中作为永久居民至少居住 730 天。" }, "language_requirement_md": { "en": "Applicants aged 18 to 54 generally need to demonstrate adequate English or French and take the citizenship test, subject to the official exemptions and waiver rules.", "zh-Hans": "18 至 54 岁的申请人通常需要表现出足够的英语或法语能力，并参加公民考试，但须遵守官方豁免和豁免规则。" }, "summary_md": { "en": "Permanent residence can lead to citizenship after the separate citizenship requirements are met.", "zh-Hans": "满足单独的公民身份要求后，永久居留即可获得公民身份。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 4, "cost_score": 3, "permanence_score": 5, "family_friendliness_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 4 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "direct_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "points_invitation", "pathway_type": "direct_pr", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "canada-ircc-fsw", "canada-ircc-proof-funds", "canada-ircc-language-tests", "canada-ircc-eca", "canada-ircc-fees", "canada-ircc-rounds", "canada-ircc-citizenship", "canada-ircc-pr-rights", "canada-ircc-family-inclusion", "canada-ircc-police-certificates", "canada-ircc-medical-exams", "canada-ircc-processing-times" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-fsw", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/federal-skilled-workers.html", "quote_md": "The Federal Skilled Worker Program is for skilled workers who have foreign work experience and want to become permanent residents.", "section": "Federal Skilled Worker Program", "snapshot_id": "59f44ebd637ebbd1404136fdc73e6ea3c220074787b3b893fbedd932cff43860", "quote_hash": "8678a16ca7a18bd693f1440319193862dc9faac778100a27e7104b3cca958383", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-fsw", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/federal-skilled-workers.html", "section": "Federal Skilled Worker Program", "snapshot_id": "59f44ebd637ebbd1404136fdc73e6ea3c220074787b3b893fbedd932cff43860", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-fsw", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/federal-skilled-workers.html", "section": "Minimum requirements and selection factors", "snapshot_id": "59f44ebd637ebbd1404136fdc73e6ea3c220074787b3b893fbedd932cff43860", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-fsw", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/federal-skilled-workers.html", "quote_md": "We choose skilled workers based on education, work experience, language skills, and other criteria.", "section": "Minimum requirements", "snapshot_id": "59f44ebd637ebbd1404136fdc73e6ea3c220074787b3b893fbedd932cff43860", "quote_hash": "4a18e50ad54eda05c723ef8a00925a2307df7e75baf751a464aec17a01896d58", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-rounds", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/rounds-invitations.html", "quote_md": "We identify the highest-ranking candidates from the pool who are eligible for the chosen round type.", "section": "How the rounds work", "snapshot_id": "4359b182e2403d8f5da9bfec850c7ecd4d1fbb7190675f17d9d438808e1b2bf1", "quote_hash": "c2d41005613757c104f67256f51442cf2649dbdb4c0ca754996f8d9c91e1ad42", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-fsw", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/federal-skilled-workers.html", "section": "Minimum requirements and selection factors", "snapshot_id": "59f44ebd637ebbd1404136fdc73e6ea3c220074787b3b893fbedd932cff43860", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" }, { "source_id": "canada-ircc-language-tests", "url": 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"/income": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-proof-funds", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/documents/proof-funds.html", "section": "Who needs proof of funds", "snapshot_id": "cbfc58425d58f7d935426f122f4fb5d9b95b1a2051c81bf80176b0fda962a73f", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-processing-times", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/application/check-processing-times.html", "section": "Current processing times", "snapshot_id": "0e6f5b1e07ef4cc6f8016e7d407be1a9d2e83836565744e33078e641ad78e357", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-pr-rights", "url": "https://ircc.canada.ca/english/helpcentre/answer.asp?qnum=1113&top=6", "quote_md": "As a permanent resident, you have the right to live, work or study anywhere in Canada.", "section": "Permanent resident rights", "snapshot_id": "82ee40826dbf95931477d61a12dd10867729123a2b114eb7f888e79d1fba5c63", "quote_hash": "16d1babd2e5d9f818e74821f1bcf90e3fac726c440866b5959cb12c49e3388be", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-family-inclusion", "url": "https://ircc.canada.ca/english/helpcentre/answer.asp?qnum=256&top=28", "section": "Who should I include", "snapshot_id": "039579798e31c030da1c90fa4967f61c05ad3f71a002c16062b27fd4e523a037", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" }, { "source_id": "canada-ircc-pr-rights", "url": "https://ircc.canada.ca/english/helpcentre/answer.asp?qnum=1113&top=6", "section": "Permanent resident rights", "snapshot_id": "82ee40826dbf95931477d61a12dd10867729123a2b114eb7f888e79d1fba5c63", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-fsw", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/federal-skilled-workers.html", "section": "Federal 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"study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Post-graduation work permit", "zh-Hans": "毕业后工作许可" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "summary_md": { "en": "A temporary open work permit that lets eligible international graduates work in Canada after completing a qualifying program at a PGWP-eligible designated learning institution. Canadian work experience gained on a PGWP is commonly used later for permanent residence routes such as the Canadian Experience Class, but the PGWP itself is not permanent residence.", "zh-Hans": "允许合资格国际毕业生在完成毕业工签合资格指定学习机构课程后在加拿大工作的临时开放式工作许可。持毕业工签获得的加拿大工作经验常用于之后的加拿大经验类等永居途径，但毕业工签本身不是永久居留。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Work permit and open work permit holder fee (combined)", "zh-Hans": "工作许可费与开放式工作许可持有人费（合计）" }, "amount": 255, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable" }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "Applicants generally have up to 180 days after confirmation of program completion to apply. Validity length depends on program level and duration and the passport expiry date: master's degrees of at least 8 months may receive up to 3 years; other programs under 2 years may match program length; programs of 2 years or more may receive up to 3 years.", "zh-Hans": "申请人通常在确认完成课程后最多 180 天内申请。有效期取决于课程层次与时长以及护照有效期：至少 8 个月的硕士课程最长可获 3 年；其他不足 2 年的课程可能与课程时长相当；2 年或以上课程最长可获 3 年。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": false, "max_stay_months": 36 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "not_applicable" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "The PGWP is temporary. Qualifying Canadian skilled work experience gained while on a PGWP may support later permanent residence applications such as the Canadian Experience Class through Express Entry, subject to those programs' separate rules.", "zh-Hans": "毕业工签是临时的。在持毕业工签期间获得的合资格加拿大技术工作经验，可能支持之后通过快速通道申请加拿大经验类等永居，但仍须满足那些计划的单独规则。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The PGWP sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "毕业工签来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 2, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "pathway_type": "temporary_only", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "canada-ircc-pgwp-about", "canada-ircc-pgwp-eligibility", "canada-ircc-pgwp-apply" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-pgwp-about", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/work/after-graduation/about.html", "quote_md": "The post-graduation work permit (PGWP) allows students who have graduated from eligible designated learning institutions (DLIs) to gain valuable Canadian work experience.", "section": "About the post-graduation work permit", "snapshot_id": "2b7c91587d463b731cfaaba1c46b7f4364578b40f8d37c1468f7a15666461bf3", "quote_hash": "08d08ab466b980d297e93f54032596e4ced4175a43fee9deae9ba24a7965d446", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/status_note_md": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-pgwp-about", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/work/after-graduation/about.html", "section": "November 1, 2024 eligibility changes", "snapshot_id": "2b7c91587d463b731cfaaba1c46b7f4364578b40f8d37c1468f7a15666461bf3", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { 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"2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" }, { "source_id": "canada-ircc-pgwp-apply", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/work/after-graduation/apply.html", "section": "Up to 180 days after you graduate", "snapshot_id": "3a3d50a38d349a338c59a1d28e8bbf93fd05e003e682e96f4adb692139e7df2e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-pgwp-about", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/work/after-graduation/about.html", "section": "About the post-graduation work permit", "snapshot_id": "2b7c91587d463b731cfaaba1c46b7f4364578b40f8d37c1468f7a15666461bf3", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-pgwp-apply", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/work/after-graduation/apply.html", "section": "Application includes family members only as documented on apply pages", "snapshot_id": "3a3d50a38d349a338c59a1d28e8bbf93fd05e003e682e96f4adb692139e7df2e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-pgwp-about", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/work/after-graduation/about.html", "section": "Canadian work experience after graduation", "snapshot_id": "2b7c91587d463b731cfaaba1c46b7f4364578b40f8d37c1468f7a15666461bf3", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-pgwp-about", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/work/after-graduation/about.html", "section": "Temporary work authorization", "snapshot_id": "2b7c91587d463b731cfaaba1c46b7f4364578b40f8d37c1468f7a15666461bf3", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-pgwp-eligibility", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/work/after-graduation/eligibility.html", "section": "Conservative PGWP filter fields", "snapshot_id": "e64625cc1a67942708fc85d9110b189a45746afcad85741a375c5c21435f864e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T13:30:46.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "canada-study-permit", "country_id": "canada", "country_names": { "en": "Canada", "zh-Hans": "加拿大" }, "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Study permit", "zh-Hans": "学习许可" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "summary_md": { "en": "Canada's principal temporary study authorization for international students enrolled at designated learning institutions. It can form part of a longer study-to-work-to-PR path when the program and later PGWP or Express Entry rules are met, but the study permit itself is not permanent residence.", "zh-Hans": "加拿大面向在指定学习机构就读的国际学生的主要临时学习许可。在课程及后续毕业工签或快速通道规则满足时，可成为学习-工作-永居路径的一部分，但学习许可本身不是永久居留。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [ { "amount": 22895, "currency": "CAD", "period": "annual", "applies_to": "family", "calculation": "minimum_total", "family_size": 1, "note_md": { "en": "Living-expense amount for applications on or after 1 September 2025 outside Quebec, excluding tuition and transportation. Larger family sizes have higher published annual amounts.", "zh-Hans": "2025 年 9 月 1 日及之后在魁北克以外申请的生活费金额，不含学费和交通。家庭成员越多，公布的年度金额越高。" } }, { "amount": 28502, "currency": "CAD", "period": "annual", "applies_to": "family", "calculation": "minimum_total", "family_size": 2 }, { "amount": 35040, "currency": "CAD", "period": "annual", "applies_to": "family", "calculation": "minimum_total", "family_size": 3 }, { "amount": 42543, "currency": "CAD", "period": "annual", "applies_to": "family", "calculation": "minimum_total", "family_size": 4 }, { "amount": 48252, "currency": "CAD", "period": "annual", "applies_to": "family", "calculation": "minimum_total", "family_size": 5 }, { "amount": 54420, "currency": "CAD", "period": "annual", "applies_to": "family", "calculation": "minimum_total", "family_size": 6 }, { "amount": 60589, "currency": "CAD", "period": "annual", "applies_to": "family", "calculation": "minimum_total", "family_size": 7 }, { "amount": 6170, "currency": "CAD", "period": "annual", "applies_to": "per_dependent", "calculation": "increment_per_additional_member", "family_size_above": 7 } ], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Study permit processing fee", "zh-Hans": "学习许可处理费" }, "amount": 150, "currency": "CAD", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "Applicants must show financial support for study without relying on working in Canada to meet the funds requirement.", "zh-Hans": "申请人必须证明有经济能力支持学习，不能依赖在加拿大工作来满足资金要求。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "IRCC states processing times vary by country. Use the official processing-times tool for the current estimate.", "zh-Hans": "IRCC 说明处理时间因国家而异。请使用官方处理时间工具查看当前估计。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": "unknown", "local_employment_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": false, "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": false }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "not_applicable", "note_md": { "en": "Family members may be included in funding calculations and document packages. Separate companion permits or visas may be required and are not fully specified on the core study-permit pages retained here.", "zh-Hans": "家庭成员可纳入资金计算和文件包。随行许可或签证可能另需申请，本记录保留的核心学习许可页面未完整说明。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "A study permit is temporary. Eligible graduates may later apply for a post-graduation work permit and, with Canadian experience, for permanent residence routes such as the Canadian Experience Class. Those later steps have separate eligibility rules.", "zh-Hans": "学习许可是临时的。合资格毕业生之后可能申请毕业工签，并在取得加拿大经验后申请加拿大经验类等永居途径。后续步骤有单独资格规则。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The study permit sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "学习许可来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 4, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "canada-ircc-study-permit", "canada-ircc-study-permit-eligibility", "canada-ircc-study-permit-documents", "canada-ircc-study-permit-financial-support" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-study-permit", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/study-permit.html", "quote_md": "The study permit is a document we issue that allows foreign nationals to study at designated learning institutions (DLIs) in Canada.", "section": "Study permit", "snapshot_id": "842c77532eb12ecc5fac18ab6f7e100909df0c41100c7581f03d518fbc75e305", "quote_hash": "e711261f7e04afd222211a627c91f05611283942cdd155ae30f30d55cde16a88", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/status_note_md": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-study-permit", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/study-permit.html", "section": "Study permit overview and fees", "snapshot_id": "842c77532eb12ecc5fac18ab6f7e100909df0c41100c7581f03d518fbc75e305", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-study-permit", "url": 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"canada-ircc-study-permit-documents", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/study-permit/get-documents.html", "section": "Letter of acceptance and provincial attestation", "snapshot_id": "cfa5a6f8c20bc41d8083d2d01218a1cbd2cbacf8a2d159e8056e8f15548a21e7", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-study-permit-eligibility", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/study-permit/eligibility.html", "section": "Eligibility requirements and temporary study purpose", "snapshot_id": "4f70915758794fa74f38021f999888d65c691150ca7036ce7612030b52e4957a", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-study-permit", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/study-permit.html", "section": "Study permit", "snapshot_id": "842c77532eb12ecc5fac18ab6f7e100909df0c41100c7581f03d518fbc75e305", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-study-permit-eligibility", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/study-permit/eligibility.html", "section": "Eligibility requirements", "snapshot_id": "4f70915758794fa74f38021f999888d65c691150ca7036ce7612030b52e4957a", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" }, { "source_id": "canada-ircc-study-permit-documents", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/study-permit/get-documents.html", "section": "Get the right documents", "snapshot_id": "cfa5a6f8c20bc41d8083d2d01218a1cbd2cbacf8a2d159e8056e8f15548a21e7", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-study-permit", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/study-permit.html", "section": "Fees Study permit $CAN 150", "snapshot_id": "842c77532eb12ecc5fac18ab6f7e100909df0c41100c7581f03d518fbc75e305", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" }, { "source_id": "canada-ircc-study-permit-financial-support", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/study-permit/get-documents/financial-support.html", "section": "How much money you need for living expenses on or after September 1, 2025", "snapshot_id": "39d164d3fb266ade384d9b5d6894c1ea6de48f83aaf20711692b10f574ff1999", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-study-permit-financial-support", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/study-permit/get-documents/financial-support.html", "section": "Proof of financial support without working in Canada", "snapshot_id": "39d164d3fb266ade384d9b5d6894c1ea6de48f83aaf20711692b10f574ff1999", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-study-permit", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/study-permit.html", "section": "Processing times vary by country", "snapshot_id": "842c77532eb12ecc5fac18ab6f7e100909df0c41100c7581f03d518fbc75e305", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-study-permit-eligibility", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/study-permit/eligibility.html", "section": "Your responsibilities as a student and permit conditions", "snapshot_id": "4f70915758794fa74f38021f999888d65c691150ca7036ce7612030b52e4957a", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-study-permit-financial-support", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/study-permit/get-documents/financial-support.html", "section": "Living expenses for applicant and family members", "snapshot_id": "39d164d3fb266ade384d9b5d6894c1ea6de48f83aaf20711692b10f574ff1999", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-study-permit-eligibility", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/study-permit/eligibility.html", "section": "Post-graduation work permit", "snapshot_id": "4f70915758794fa74f38021f999888d65c691150ca7036ce7612030b52e4957a", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-study-permit", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/study-permit.html", "section": "Temporary study authorization", "snapshot_id": "842c77532eb12ecc5fac18ab6f7e100909df0c41100c7581f03d518fbc75e305", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "canada-ircc-study-permit-eligibility", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/study-permit/eligibility.html", "section": "Conservative study permit filter fields", "snapshot_id": "4f70915758794fa74f38021f999888d65c691150ca7036ce7612030b52e4957a", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T13:12:00Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T13:30:46.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "croatia-digital-nomad", "country_id": "croatia", "country_names": { "en": "Croatia", "zh-Hans": "克罗地亚" }, "category_ids": [ "digital_nomad" ], "official_names": { "en": "Temporary Stay of Digital Nomads", "zh-Hans": "数字游牧民的暂时停留" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "remote_income", "summary_md": { "en": "A Croatian temporary stay route for third-country digital nomads with foreign remote work, up to 18 months, a €3,622.50 monthly means-of-subsistence threshold, and immediate family reunification eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "克罗地亚临时居留途径，适用于在国外远程工作的第三国数字游牧民，最长可达 18 个月，每月生活资料门槛为 3,622.50 欧元，并有直系亲属团聚资格。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Temporary stay grant fee at police administration", "zh-Hans": "警察局临时居留补助费" }, "amount": 46.45, "currency": "EUR", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Administrative fee for biometric residence permit", "zh-Hans": "生物识别居留许可管理费" }, "amount": 9.29, "currency": "EUR", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Biometric residence card", "zh-Hans": "生物识别居留卡" }, "amount": 31.85, "currency": "EUR", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": true, "min_income": [ { "amount": 3622.5, "currency": "EUR", "period": "monthly", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total" } ], "accepted_sources": [ "remote_employment", "self_employment", "freelance", "savings" ], "income_location": "outside_destination", "proof_history_months": 6, "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The MUP page requires at least 2.5 average Croatian net salaries, currently €3,622.50 per month. It allows regular-income evidence or payslips for the previous six months; alternatives include €43,470 for a 12-month stay or €65,205 for an 18-month stay.", "zh-Hans": "MUP 页面要求至少 2.5 克罗地亚平均净工资，目前每月 3,622.50 欧元。它允许提供过去六个月的固定收入证据或工资单；其他选择包括 12 个月住宿 43,470 欧元或 18 个月住宿 65,205 欧元。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "Temporary stay may be granted for up to 18 months. If granted for less than 18 months, an extension of up to six months may be requested no later than 60 days before expiry. A new digital-nomad application may be submitted six months after expiry.", "zh-Hans": "临时居留期限最长可达 18 个月。如果授予期限少于 18 个月，则可以在到期前 60 天以内申请最多六个月的延期。新的数字游牧者申请可以在到期后六个月提交。" }, "initial_validity_months": "variable", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": 18 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": false, "remote_work_allowed": true, "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": true, "children_allowed": true, "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "Close family members, including qualifying common-law partners, may join after the digital nomad has been granted temporary stay.", "zh-Hans": "在数字游牧者获得临时居留权后，亲密的家庭成员，包括符合条件的同居伴侣，可以加入。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": false, "summary_md": { "en": "The MUP page describes temporary stay and a later application after six months, but does not establish a permanent-residence pathway from digital-nomad stay.", "zh-Hans": "MUP 页面描述了临时居留和六个月后的后续申请，但没有建立从数字游牧者居留到永久居留的途径。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained MUP page does not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "保留的 MUP 页面并不确定公民资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 2, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 1, "family_friendliness_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "temporary_no_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "remote_income", "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "croatia-mup-digital-nomad" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-digital-nomad", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/temporary-stay-of-digital-nomads/286833", "section": "Digital nomad definition, 18-month stay, income, family, documents, and costs", "snapshot_id": 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"https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/temporary-stay-of-digital-nomads/286833", "section": "Digital nomad definition, 18-month stay, income, family, documents, and costs", "snapshot_id": "fb2c1478c6cdaf65f2b544b19d977ceaecbaf0a1f79fa4a5e1b7b15cf78a5788", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-digital-nomad", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/temporary-stay-of-digital-nomads/286833", "section": "Digital nomad definition, 18-month stay, income, family, documents, and costs", "snapshot_id": "fb2c1478c6cdaf65f2b544b19d977ceaecbaf0a1f79fa4a5e1b7b15cf78a5788", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-digital-nomad", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/temporary-stay-of-digital-nomads/286833", "section": "Digital nomad definition, 18-month stay, income, family, documents, and costs", "snapshot_id": "fb2c1478c6cdaf65f2b544b19d977ceaecbaf0a1f79fa4a5e1b7b15cf78a5788", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-digital-nomad", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/temporary-stay-of-digital-nomads/286833", "section": "Digital nomad definition, 18-month stay, income, family, documents, and costs", "snapshot_id": "fb2c1478c6cdaf65f2b544b19d977ceaecbaf0a1f79fa4a5e1b7b15cf78a5788", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-digital-nomad", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/temporary-stay-of-digital-nomads/286833", "section": "Digital nomad definition, 18-month stay, income, family, documents, and costs", "snapshot_id": "fb2c1478c6cdaf65f2b544b19d977ceaecbaf0a1f79fa4a5e1b7b15cf78a5788", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-digital-nomad", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/temporary-stay-of-digital-nomads/286833", "section": "Digital nomad definition, 18-month stay, income, family, documents, and costs", "snapshot_id": "fb2c1478c6cdaf65f2b544b19d977ceaecbaf0a1f79fa4a5e1b7b15cf78a5788", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-digital-nomad", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/temporary-stay-of-digital-nomads/286833", "section": "Digital nomad definition, 18-month stay, income, family, documents, and costs", "snapshot_id": "fb2c1478c6cdaf65f2b544b19d977ceaecbaf0a1f79fa4a5e1b7b15cf78a5788", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-digital-nomad", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/temporary-stay-of-digital-nomads/286833", "section": "Digital nomad definition, 18-month stay, income, family, documents, and costs", "snapshot_id": "fb2c1478c6cdaf65f2b544b19d977ceaecbaf0a1f79fa4a5e1b7b15cf78a5788", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-digital-nomad", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/temporary-stay-of-digital-nomads/286833", "section": "Digital nomad definition, 18-month stay, income, family, documents, and costs", "snapshot_id": "fb2c1478c6cdaf65f2b544b19d977ceaecbaf0a1f79fa4a5e1b7b15cf78a5788", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-digital-nomad", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/temporary-stay-of-digital-nomads/286833", "section": "Digital nomad definition, 18-month stay, income, family, documents, and costs", "snapshot_id": "fb2c1478c6cdaf65f2b544b19d977ceaecbaf0a1f79fa4a5e1b7b15cf78a5788", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-digital-nomad", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/temporary-stay-of-digital-nomads/286833", "section": "Digital nomad definition, 18-month stay, income, family, documents, and costs", "snapshot_id": "fb2c1478c6cdaf65f2b544b19d977ceaecbaf0a1f79fa4a5e1b7b15cf78a5788", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:36.068Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "croatia-eu-blue-card", "country_id": "croatia", "country_names": { "en": "Croatia", "zh-Hans": "克罗地亚" }, "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Stay and work permit for highly qualified workers (EU Blue Card)", "zh-Hans": "高技能劳动者居留和工作许可（欧盟蓝卡）" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "summary_md": { "en": "An employer-linked Croatian stay and work permit for highly qualified jobs with at least a one-year employment contract with a Croatian-registered employer, higher-education qualifications, and regulated-profession conditions where applicable. Apply at a Croatian mission or local police administration. MUP lists administrative fees for the permit and biometric residence card.", "zh-Hans": "面向高技能岗位的克罗地亚居留和工作许可，须与在克罗地亚注册的雇主签订至少一年雇佣合同、具备高等教育资格，并在适用时满足受规管职业条件。可在克罗地亚使领馆或地方警察部门申请。内政部列明许可与生物识别居留卡行政费用。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Stay and work permit administrative fee", "zh-Hans": "居留和工作许可行政费" }, "amount": 74.32, "currency": "EUR", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Biometric residence card (regular procedure)", "zh-Hans": "生物识别居留卡（普通程序）" }, "amount": 31.85, "currency": "EUR", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": true, "accepted_sources": [ "employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "Built around a highly qualified employment contract of at least one year with a Croatian-registered employer entity.", "zh-Hans": "基于与克罗地亚注册雇主实体签订的至少一年高技能雇佣合同。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "Apply at a diplomatic mission/consular post or police administration/station of intended stay. Exact decision times are not fixed on the retained MUP page.", "zh-Hans": "向使领馆或拟居留地警察部门申请。保留的内政部页面未固定确切决定时限。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "initial_validity_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "Long-term residence after uninterrupted legal stay is described on related MUP long-term residence pages; EU Blue Card holders may later qualify under EU/national long-term rules. Confirm current counting rules separately.", "zh-Hans": "相关内政部长期居留页面描述连续合法居留后的长期居留；欧盟蓝卡持有人之后可能符合欧盟/国家长期规则。请另行核对当前计算规则。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "MUP Blue Card page does not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "内政部蓝卡页面没有确认公民资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 3, "family_friendliness_score": 2, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "requires_job_offer": true, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "croatia-mup-eu-blue-card", "croatia-mup-work-third-country" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/stay-and-work-of-highly-qualified-third-country-nationals/281692", "section": "Stay and work of highly-qualified third-country nationals", "snapshot_id": "dd50ec303fba6dd8b7b485737c0e8c73c4303dbdfb80c435660915b1aeda3082", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/stay-and-work-of-highly-qualified-third-country-nationals/281692", "section": "Stay and work of highly-qualified third-country nationals", "snapshot_id": "dd50ec303fba6dd8b7b485737c0e8c73c4303dbdfb80c435660915b1aeda3082", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/stay-and-work-of-highly-qualified-third-country-nationals/281692", "section": "Stay and work of highly-qualified third-country nationals", "snapshot_id": "dd50ec303fba6dd8b7b485737c0e8c73c4303dbdfb80c435660915b1aeda3082", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/stay-and-work-of-highly-qualified-third-country-nationals/281692", "section": "Stay and work of highly-qualified third-country nationals", "snapshot_id": "dd50ec303fba6dd8b7b485737c0e8c73c4303dbdfb80c435660915b1aeda3082", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-work-third-country", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/work-of-third-country-nationals/281663", "section": "Stay and work permit for third-country nationals", "snapshot_id": "88bca5d788de8f33d0a18c0fd9ca4f40cf52ac979b1835e69f3fcec2e620242a", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/stay-and-work-of-highly-qualified-third-country-nationals/281692", "section": "One-year highly qualified employment contract and higher education proof", "snapshot_id": "dd50ec303fba6dd8b7b485737c0e8c73c4303dbdfb80c435660915b1aeda3082", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/stay-and-work-of-highly-qualified-third-country-nationals/281692", "section": "Administrative fee 74,32 EUR and biometric card fees", "snapshot_id": "dd50ec303fba6dd8b7b485737c0e8c73c4303dbdfb80c435660915b1aeda3082", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/stay-and-work-of-highly-qualified-third-country-nationals/281692", "section": "Stay and work of highly-qualified third-country nationals", "snapshot_id": "dd50ec303fba6dd8b7b485737c0e8c73c4303dbdfb80c435660915b1aeda3082", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/stay-and-work-of-highly-qualified-third-country-nationals/281692", "section": "Stay and work of highly-qualified third-country nationals", "snapshot_id": "dd50ec303fba6dd8b7b485737c0e8c73c4303dbdfb80c435660915b1aeda3082", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/stay-and-work-of-highly-qualified-third-country-nationals/281692", "section": "Stay and work of highly-qualified third-country nationals", "snapshot_id": "dd50ec303fba6dd8b7b485737c0e8c73c4303dbdfb80c435660915b1aeda3082", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/stay-and-work-of-highly-qualified-third-country-nationals/281692", "section": "Stay and work of highly-qualified third-country nationals", "snapshot_id": "dd50ec303fba6dd8b7b485737c0e8c73c4303dbdfb80c435660915b1aeda3082", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/stay-and-work-of-highly-qualified-third-country-nationals/281692", "section": "Stay and work of highly-qualified third-country nationals", "snapshot_id": "dd50ec303fba6dd8b7b485737c0e8c73c4303dbdfb80c435660915b1aeda3082", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/stay-and-work-of-highly-qualified-third-country-nationals/281692", "section": "Stay and work of highly-qualified third-country nationals", "snapshot_id": "dd50ec303fba6dd8b7b485737c0e8c73c4303dbdfb80c435660915b1aeda3082", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "croatia-mup-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/stay-and-work-of-highly-qualified-third-country-nationals/281692", "section": "Stay and work of highly-qualified third-country nationals", "snapshot_id": "dd50ec303fba6dd8b7b485737c0e8c73c4303dbdfb80c435660915b1aeda3082", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 30, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "estonia-digital-nomad-visa", "country_id": "estonia", "country_names": { "en": "Estonia", "zh-Hans": "爱沙尼亚" }, "category_ids": [ "digital_nomad" ], "official_names": { "en": "Digital Nomad Visa", "zh-Hans": "数字游牧签证" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "remote_income", "summary_md": { "en": "A temporary Estonian visa for location-independent workers working for a foreign employer, a foreign company, or mostly foreign clients, with a maximum D-visa stay of up to one year.", "zh-Hans": "爱沙尼亚临时签证，适用于为外国雇主、外国公司或大多数外国客户工作的不受地点限制的工人，D 签证最长停留期限为一年。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Long-stay D visa state fee", "zh-Hans": "长期居留 D 签证政府费用" }, "amount": 120, "currency": "EUR", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Short-stay C visa state fee", "zh-Hans": "短期停留C签证政府费用" }, "amount": 90, "currency": "EUR", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": true, "min_income": [ { "amount": 4500, "currency": "EUR", "period": "monthly", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total" } ], "accepted_sources": [ "remote_employment", "self_employment", "freelance" ], "income_location": "outside_destination", "proof_history_months": 6, "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The FAQ states that applicants must evidence income during the six months before application and meet the monthly gross threshold.", "zh-Hans": "常见问题解答指出，申请人必须证明申请前六个月内的收入并达到每月总额门槛。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "The e-Residency programme page says DNV processing can take up to 30 days. The FAQ distinguishes a C visa of up to 90 days from a D visa of up to 365 days.", "zh-Hans": "e-Residency 计划页面显示，DNV 处理最多可能需要 30 天。常见问题解答将最长 90 天的 C 签证与最长 365 天的 D 签证区分开来。" }, "initial_validity_months": "variable", "renewable": false, "max_stay_months": "variable" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": false, "remote_work_allowed": true, "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "unknown", "tax_residency_note_md": { "en": "The DNV is a temporary stay visa and is not a residence permit.", "zh-Hans": "DNV 是临时居留签证，不是居留许可。" } }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "The retained DNV pages do not establish dependant eligibility or dependant work rights.", "zh-Hans": "保留的 DNV 页面不建立附属资格或附属工作权利。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": false, "summary_md": { "en": "The FAQ states that DNV stays do not provide an advantage for obtaining an Estonian residence permit and do not give permanent residence.", "zh-Hans": "常见问题解答指出，DNV 居留并不能为获得爱沙尼亚居留许可提供优势，也不能提供永久居留权。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": false, "summary_md": { "en": "The FAQ states that DNV stays do not give a right to Estonian citizenship.", "zh-Hans": "常见问题解答指出，DNV 停留并不赋予爱沙尼亚公民身份的权利。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 2, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 1, "family_friendliness_score": 2, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "temporary_no_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "remote_income", "pathway_type": "temporary_only", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "estonia-digital-nomad-visa", "estonia-digital-nomad-visa-faq" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "estonia-digital-nomad-visa", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/nomadvisa", "section": "Digital Nomad Visa versus 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"retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:27.837Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "estonia-digital-nomad-visa", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/nomadvisa", "section": "Digital Nomad Visa versus e-Residency", "snapshot_id": "a08543a85e3178ce66aae5ae1a3c9404295fff41ae2e68b17deaab71d1a81983", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:27.837Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "estonia-digital-nomad-visa", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/nomadvisa", "section": "Digital Nomad Visa versus e-Residency", "snapshot_id": "a08543a85e3178ce66aae5ae1a3c9404295fff41ae2e68b17deaab71d1a81983", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:27.837Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "estonia-digital-nomad-visa", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/nomadvisa", "section": "Digital Nomad Visa versus e-Residency", "snapshot_id": "a08543a85e3178ce66aae5ae1a3c9404295fff41ae2e68b17deaab71d1a81983", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:27.837Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "estonia-digital-nomad-visa-faq", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/blog/posts/faqs-about-estonias-digital-nomad-visa", "section": "DNV distinction, eligibility, income threshold, visa duration, and no residence/PR outcome", "snapshot_id": "9a46fbdd93a5606179e764e1ec88f6c55f46a1a6d6dca1e205e7ac4accf0526c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:30.168Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "estonia-digital-nomad-visa-faq", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/blog/posts/faqs-about-estonias-digital-nomad-visa", "section": "DNV distinction, eligibility, income threshold, visa duration, and no residence/PR outcome", "snapshot_id": "9a46fbdd93a5606179e764e1ec88f6c55f46a1a6d6dca1e205e7ac4accf0526c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:30.168Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "estonia-digital-nomad-visa-faq", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/blog/posts/faqs-about-estonias-digital-nomad-visa", "section": "DNV distinction, eligibility, income threshold, visa duration, and no residence/PR outcome", "snapshot_id": 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"https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/blog/posts/faqs-about-estonias-digital-nomad-visa", "section": "DNV distinction, eligibility, income threshold, visa duration, and no residence/PR outcome", "snapshot_id": "9a46fbdd93a5606179e764e1ec88f6c55f46a1a6d6dca1e205e7ac4accf0526c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:30.168Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "estonia-digital-nomad-visa-faq", "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/blog/posts/faqs-about-estonias-digital-nomad-visa", "section": "DNV distinction, eligibility, income threshold, visa duration, and no residence/PR outcome", "snapshot_id": "9a46fbdd93a5606179e764e1ec88f6c55f46a1a6d6dca1e205e7ac4accf0526c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:30.168Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:30.168Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:30.168Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:30.168Z", "update_frequency_days": 30, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "estonia-e-residency", "country_id": "estonia", "country_names": { "en": "Estonia", "zh-Hans": "爱沙尼亚" }, "category_ids": [ "startup_entrepreneur" ], "official_names": { "en": "e-Residency", "zh-Hans": "电子居住" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "e_residency", "summary_md": { "en": "A Republic of Estonia digital identity that lets global entrepreneurs authenticate online, sign documents, and establish or manage an Estonian company remotely; it does not grant residence or travel rights.", "zh-Hans": "爱沙尼亚共和国数字身份，让全球企业家可以在线验证、签署文件以及远程建立或管理爱沙尼亚公司；它不授予居住或旅行权利。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "e-Residency application fee", "zh-Hans": "电子居留申请费" }, "amount": 150, "currency": "EUR", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": false, "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable", "proof_history_months": "unknown", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "e-Residency is not an immigration residence route and has no published personal-income requirement in the retained application page.", "zh-Hans": "e-Residency不是移民居留途径，并且在保留的申请页面中没有公布个人收入要求。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "The application flow shows an identity check, approximately 30 days for approval, card delivery in two to five weeks, and automatic card activation within 24 hours after pickup.", "zh-Hans": "申请流程包括身份检查、大约 30 天的批准时间、两到五周内的卡交付以及取卡后 24 小时内的自动卡激活。" }, "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": "unknown", "max_stay_months": 0 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": false, "local_employment_allowed": false, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": false, "business_allowed": true, "tax_residency_note_md": { "en": "e-Residency does not change physical or tax residency.", "zh-Hans": "电子居民身份不会改变实际或税务居民身份。" } }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "Because e-Residency does not grant residence or travel rights, the retained sources do not establish family immigration benefits.", "zh-Hans": "由于电子居留权不授予居住或旅行权利，因此保留的来源不建立家庭移民福利。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": false, "summary_md": { "en": "The retained e-Residency FAQ explicitly states that e-Residency provides no residence right.", "zh-Hans": "保留的电子居留常见问题解答明确指出电子居留不提供居留权。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": false, "summary_md": { "en": "The retained e-Residency FAQ explicitly states that e-Residency provides no citizenship right.", "zh-Hans": "保留的电子居住常见问题解答明确指出电子居住不提供公民权利。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 2, "cost_score": 2, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 1, "family_friendliness_score": 1, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "e_status_only", "pathway_mechanism": "e_residency", "pathway_type": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": "unknown" }, "source_ids": [ 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The official page also describes special rules for some IT professionals without a formal qualification.", "zh-Hans": "面向合格专业人士的德国居留途径，要求劳动合同或有约束力的工作机会、获认可或同等的高等教育学历，以及适用的年度税前年薪门槛。官方页面还说明了部分没有正式学历的 IT 专业人士可适用特殊规则。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": true, "min_income": [ { "amount": 50700, "currency": "EUR", "period": "annual", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total" } ], "accepted_sources": [ "employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination" }, "timeline": { "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": true, "spouse_work_allowed": true, "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "min_residence_years": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The official portal describes a settlement-permit route for EU Blue Card holders, but the qualifying residence period depends on the applicable conditions.", "zh-Hans": "官方门户描述了欧盟蓝卡持有者申请定居许可的途径，但合格居留期限取决于适用条件。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The EU Blue Card page does not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "欧盟蓝卡页面没有确认公民资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 4, "family_friendliness_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 4 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "pathway_type": "residence", "requires_job_offer": true, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "germany-eu-blue-card" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "germany-eu-blue-card", "url": 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"https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/types/eu-blue-card", "section": "How to live and work with the EU Blue Card", "snapshot_id": "887aded668b4bdfb80179d04d157589182c6e5a08a5baf48bda086f0941f6548", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:25.813Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "germany-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/types/eu-blue-card", "section": "Family reunification with the EU Blue Card", "snapshot_id": "887aded668b4bdfb80179d04d157589182c6e5a08a5baf48bda086f0941f6548", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:25.813Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "germany-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/types/eu-blue-card", "section": "Settlement permit for EU Blue Card holders", "snapshot_id": "887aded668b4bdfb80179d04d157589182c6e5a08a5baf48bda086f0941f6548", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:25.813Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "germany-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/types/eu-blue-card", "section": "Long-term residence and naturalisation information", "snapshot_id": "887aded668b4bdfb80179d04d157589182c6e5a08a5baf48bda086f0941f6548", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:25.813Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "germany-eu-blue-card", "url": "https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/types/eu-blue-card", "section": "Conservative comparison and filter fields", "snapshot_id": "887aded668b4bdfb80179d04d157589182c6e5a08a5baf48bda086f0941f6548", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:25.813Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T11:42:03Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T11:42:03Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:25.813Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "germany-opportunity-card", "country_id": "germany", "country_names": { "en": "Germany", "zh-Hans": "德国" }, "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Opportunity Card (Chancenkarte)", "zh-Hans": "机会卡（Chancenkarte）" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "points_invitation", "summary_md": { "en": "A German job-search residence route for non-EU skilled workers. It is designed to help candidates look for qualified employment in Germany, typically for up to one year, with limited part-time work while searching. Finding a qualifying job can lead to a longer work residence title such as the EU Blue Card.", "zh-Hans": "面向非欧盟技术工人的德国求职居留途径。旨在帮助申请人在德国寻找合格工作，通常最长一年，求职期间可从事有限兼职。找到合资格工作后可转为欧盟蓝卡等更长期工作居留。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "Applicants must be able to support themselves during the job search. Official guidance commonly refers to blocked-account or other subsistence proof rather than a job salary threshold for entry.", "zh-Hans": "申请人必须能在求职期间自给。官方指引通常要求冻结账户或其他生活费证明，而非入职时的薪资门槛。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "Processing depends on the mission or authority handling the application. The card is typically issued for up to one year for job search; after finding qualified work, a different residence title is needed.", "zh-Hans": "处理时间取决于办理申请的使领馆或主管机关。该卡通常为最长一年的求职居留；找到合格工作后需换取其他居留许可。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "initial_validity_months": 12, "renewable": "unknown", "max_stay_months": 12 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": "limited", "local_employment_allowed": "limited", "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "limited" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "The Opportunity Card itself is a temporary job-search title. A later skilled-work residence permit such as the EU Blue Card may lead toward permanent residence under its own rules.", "zh-Hans": "机会卡本身是临时求职身份。之后如欧盟蓝卡等技术工作居留许可，可在其自身规则下通向永久居留。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The Opportunity Card sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "机会卡来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 2, "source_confidence_score": 4, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "points_invitation", "pathway_type": "temporary_only", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "germany-opportunity-card" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "germany-opportunity-card", "url": "https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte", "section": "Opportunity Card online application portal", "snapshot_id": "4a270df62c14a3fb11c9e900227a028c94c84346ac7b5979d9ffca43fad2e633", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/status_note_md": [ { "source_id": "germany-opportunity-card", "url": "https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte", "section": "Residence permit to seek employment", "snapshot_id": "4a270df62c14a3fb11c9e900227a028c94c84346ac7b5979d9ffca43fad2e633", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "germany-opportunity-card", "url": "https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte", "section": "Opportunity Card for third-country workers", "snapshot_id": "4a270df62c14a3fb11c9e900227a028c94c84346ac7b5979d9ffca43fad2e633", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "germany-opportunity-card", "url": "https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte", "section": "Seek employment in Germany", "snapshot_id": "4a270df62c14a3fb11c9e900227a028c94c84346ac7b5979d9ffca43fad2e633", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "germany-opportunity-card", "url": "https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte", "section": "Job-search route limitations", "snapshot_id": "4a270df62c14a3fb11c9e900227a028c94c84346ac7b5979d9ffca43fad2e633", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "germany-opportunity-card", "url": "https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte", "section": "Skilled-worker selection without existing job", "snapshot_id": "4a270df62c14a3fb11c9e900227a028c94c84346ac7b5979d9ffca43fad2e633", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "germany-opportunity-card", "url": "https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte", "section": "Third-country skilled workers seeking employment", "snapshot_id": "4a270df62c14a3fb11c9e900227a028c94c84346ac7b5979d9ffca43fad2e633", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "germany-opportunity-card", "url": "https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte", "section": "Self-support during job search", "snapshot_id": "4a270df62c14a3fb11c9e900227a028c94c84346ac7b5979d9ffca43fad2e633", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "germany-opportunity-card", "url": "https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte", "section": "No job offer required to enter for search", "snapshot_id": "4a270df62c14a3fb11c9e900227a028c94c84346ac7b5979d9ffca43fad2e633", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "germany-opportunity-card", "url": "https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte", "section": "Job-search residence period", "snapshot_id": "4a270df62c14a3fb11c9e900227a028c94c84346ac7b5979d9ffca43fad2e633", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "germany-opportunity-card", "url": "https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte", "section": "Seek employment activities", "snapshot_id": "4a270df62c14a3fb11c9e900227a028c94c84346ac7b5979d9ffca43fad2e633", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "germany-opportunity-card", "url": "https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte", "section": "Family rules not fully established on portal landing", "snapshot_id": "4a270df62c14a3fb11c9e900227a028c94c84346ac7b5979d9ffca43fad2e633", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "germany-opportunity-card", "url": "https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte", "section": "Temporary search title leading to later work permit", "snapshot_id": "4a270df62c14a3fb11c9e900227a028c94c84346ac7b5979d9ffca43fad2e633", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "germany-opportunity-card", "url": "https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte", "section": "Citizenship not established", "snapshot_id": "4a270df62c14a3fb11c9e900227a028c94c84346ac7b5979d9ffca43fad2e633", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "germany-opportunity-card", "url": "https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte", "section": "Conservative Opportunity Card filter fields", "snapshot_id": "4a270df62c14a3fb11c9e900227a028c94c84346ac7b5979d9ffca43fad2e633", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "germany-student-residence", "country_id": "germany", "country_names": { "en": "Germany", "zh-Hans": "德国" }, "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Residence title for full-time study", "zh-Hans": "全日制学习居留许可" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "summary_md": { "en": "A German study residence route for full-time higher education. BAMF says limited employment is possible while studying, and after successful completion you generally have up to 18 months to look for qualified work. That later job search can lead toward skilled-work titles and longer settlement pathways.", "zh-Hans": "面向全日制高等教育的德国学习居留途径。BAMF 说明学习期间可有限就业，成功完成学业后通常有最长 18 个月寻找合格工作。后续求职可通向技术工作居留及更长定居路径。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "BAMF requires that you be able to support yourself while studying. Exact subsistence proof (blocked account, scholarship, etc.) is set in the visa/residence process.", "zh-Hans": "BAMF 要求学习期间能够自给。具体生活费证明方式（冻结账户、奖学金等）在签证/居留程序中确定。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "Processing depends on the mission and local foreigners authority. BAMF notes that after successful studies you generally have up to 18 months to seek qualified employment, and you may work during that search period.", "zh-Hans": "处理时间取决于使领馆和地方外国人管理局。BAMF 说明成功完成学业后通常有最长 18 个月寻找合格工作，求职期间可以工作。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": "limited", "local_employment_allowed": "limited", "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": false }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "BAMF states that after graduation you generally have up to 18 months to find qualified employment. Longer skilled-work residence and later permanent residence follow separate work-title rules.", "zh-Hans": "BAMF 说明毕业后通常有最长 18 个月寻找合格工作。更长期的技术工作居留及之后的永久居留遵循单独的工作居留规则。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The student-residence sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "学习居留来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 4 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "germany-bamf-studying", "germany-study-in-germany-visa" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "germany-bamf-studying", "url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Bildung/Studium/studium-node.html", "quote_md": "You can come to Germany to study here as long as you are admitted to a full-time course of study by a higher education institution.", "section": "Studying in Germany", "snapshot_id": "e350ecb8f11c361be549d3664a1f4e1e3d9f0dd9056f2e2843c392b104b928e9", "quote_hash": "4cbd4ab6ccac8983f6c5f0496155e6f3031f32a24a64a4f4b43f82e96417a44a", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/status_note_md": [ { "source_id": "germany-bamf-studying", "url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Bildung/Studium/studium-node.html", "section": "Full-time study admission and self-support", "snapshot_id": "e350ecb8f11c361be549d3664a1f4e1e3d9f0dd9056f2e2843c392b104b928e9", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "germany-bamf-studying", "url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Bildung/Studium/studium-node.html", "section": "Employment while studying and 18 months after graduation", "snapshot_id": "e350ecb8f11c361be549d3664a1f4e1e3d9f0dd9056f2e2843c392b104b928e9", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "germany-bamf-studying", "url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Bildung/Studium/studium-node.html", "section": "Admission and ability to support yourself", "snapshot_id": "e350ecb8f11c361be549d3664a1f4e1e3d9f0dd9056f2e2843c392b104b928e9", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "germany-study-in-germany-visa", "url": "https://www.study-in-germany.de/en/plan-your-studies/requirements/visa/", "section": "Visa requirement for living and studying", "snapshot_id": "753066f0dc54862d1cbce8353bb47c97c336288f5fb2515ed4045c631b2eb4e2", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "germany-bamf-studying", "url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Bildung/Studium/studium-node.html", "section": "Residence title for study purposes", "snapshot_id": "e350ecb8f11c361be549d3664a1f4e1e3d9f0dd9056f2e2843c392b104b928e9", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "germany-bamf-studying", "url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Bildung/Studium/studium-node.html", "section": "Full-time admission and prospective-student stay", "snapshot_id": "e350ecb8f11c361be549d3664a1f4e1e3d9f0dd9056f2e2843c392b104b928e9", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "germany-bamf-studying", "url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Bildung/Studium/studium-node.html", "section": "Able to support yourself / subsistence", "snapshot_id": "e350ecb8f11c361be549d3664a1f4e1e3d9f0dd9056f2e2843c392b104b928e9", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "germany-bamf-studying", "url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Bildung/Studium/studium-node.html", "section": "Subsistence rather than employment income threshold", "snapshot_id": "e350ecb8f11c361be549d3664a1f4e1e3d9f0dd9056f2e2843c392b104b928e9", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "germany-bamf-studying", "url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Bildung/Studium/studium-node.html", "section": "Up to 18 months after studies to look for a job", "snapshot_id": "e350ecb8f11c361be549d3664a1f4e1e3d9f0dd9056f2e2843c392b104b928e9", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "germany-bamf-studying", "url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Bildung/Studium/studium-node.html", "section": "Limited employment and part-time student jobs", "snapshot_id": "e350ecb8f11c361be549d3664a1f4e1e3d9f0dd9056f2e2843c392b104b928e9", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "germany-bamf-studying", "url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Bildung/Studium/studium-node.html", "section": "Family rules not fully established on overview page", "snapshot_id": "e350ecb8f11c361be549d3664a1f4e1e3d9f0dd9056f2e2843c392b104b928e9", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "germany-bamf-studying", "url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Bildung/Studium/studium-node.html", "section": "Post-study job search then qualified employment", "snapshot_id": "e350ecb8f11c361be549d3664a1f4e1e3d9f0dd9056f2e2843c392b104b928e9", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "germany-bamf-studying", "url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Bildung/Studium/studium-node.html", "section": "Citizenship not established", "snapshot_id": "e350ecb8f11c361be549d3664a1f4e1e3d9f0dd9056f2e2843c392b104b928e9", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "germany-bamf-studying", "url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Bildung/Studium/studium-node.html", "section": "Conservative student residence filter fields", "snapshot_id": "e350ecb8f11c361be549d3664a1f4e1e3d9f0dd9056f2e2843c392b104b928e9", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "hong-kong-student", "country_id": "hong-kong", "country_names": { "en": "Hong Kong", "zh-Hans": "中国香港" }, "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Student visa / entry permit", "zh-Hans": "学生签证 / 进入许可" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "summary_md": { "en": "The main Hong Kong study entry route for non-local students with a school acceptance letter for an eligible private school, full-time locally accredited post-secondary programme, exchange, or registered non-local course. Applicants must show they can pay fees and living costs without working or public funds. Hong Kong has no dedicated digital-nomad visa in this record; talent routes such as TTPS are separate.", "zh-Hans": "面向非本地学生的主要香港学习入境途径，须持有合资格私立学校、全日制本地认可专上课程、交换或已登记非本地课程的录取信，并能证明可支付学费与生活费且不靠工作或公共资金。本记录不将香港描述为提供专门数字游民签证；顶尖人才通等途径另行处理。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [ { "amount": "unknown", "currency": "HKD", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "ImmD requires ability to meet course fees, living expenses, and accommodation without working and without recourse to public funds. Exact amounts are case- and programme-specific.", "zh-Hans": "入境处要求能够支付学费、生活费与住宿，且不靠工作及公共资金。具体金额视个案与课程而定。" } } ], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The study route is funded by personal means, not employment income in Hong Kong; ImmD states maintenance without working.", "zh-Hans": "学习途径依赖自有资金而非在港就业收入；入境处说明须在不工作的情况下维持生活。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "ImmD publishes processing-time guidance on the study pages; times vary and should be checked when applying.", "zh-Hans": "入境处在学习页面公布处理时间指引；时长会变化，申请时应核对。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": false, "local_employment_allowed": false, "remote_work_allowed": false, "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": false }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "A student visa/entry permit is temporary. Longer Hong Kong settlement, if any, depends on later employment or talent schemes such as IANG or TTPS under their own rules—not automatic from study alone.", "zh-Hans": "学生签证/进入许可是临时的。更长的香港定居（如有）取决于后续就业或 IANG、顶尖人才通等计划的自身规则，并非仅凭学习自动获得。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "ImmD study pages do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "入境处学习页面没有确认公民资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 4, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 2, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "hong-kong-immd-study" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-study", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/study.html", "section": "Students entry for study — Eligibility Criteria", "snapshot_id": "0e0d9beb64fe80e76c0092225595d952ee7f08a5f14fa79ff5fc89bd24e421b1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-study", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/study.html", "section": "Students entry for study — Eligibility Criteria", "snapshot_id": "0e0d9beb64fe80e76c0092225595d952ee7f08a5f14fa79ff5fc89bd24e421b1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-study", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/study.html", "section": "Students entry for study — Eligibility Criteria", "snapshot_id": "0e0d9beb64fe80e76c0092225595d952ee7f08a5f14fa79ff5fc89bd24e421b1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-study", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/study.html", "section": "Students entry for study — Eligibility Criteria", "snapshot_id": "0e0d9beb64fe80e76c0092225595d952ee7f08a5f14fa79ff5fc89bd24e421b1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-study", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/study.html", "section": "Students entry for study — Eligibility Criteria", "snapshot_id": "0e0d9beb64fe80e76c0092225595d952ee7f08a5f14fa79ff5fc89bd24e421b1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-study", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/study.html", "section": "Students entry for study — Eligibility Criteria", "snapshot_id": "0e0d9beb64fe80e76c0092225595d952ee7f08a5f14fa79ff5fc89bd24e421b1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-study", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/study.html", "section": "Students entry for study — Eligibility Criteria", "snapshot_id": "0e0d9beb64fe80e76c0092225595d952ee7f08a5f14fa79ff5fc89bd24e421b1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-study", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/study.html", "section": "Students entry for study — Eligibility Criteria", "snapshot_id": "0e0d9beb64fe80e76c0092225595d952ee7f08a5f14fa79ff5fc89bd24e421b1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-study", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/study.html", "section": "Students entry for study — Eligibility Criteria", "snapshot_id": "0e0d9beb64fe80e76c0092225595d952ee7f08a5f14fa79ff5fc89bd24e421b1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-study", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/study.html", "section": "Students entry for study — Eligibility Criteria", "snapshot_id": "0e0d9beb64fe80e76c0092225595d952ee7f08a5f14fa79ff5fc89bd24e421b1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-study", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/study.html", "section": "Students entry for study — Eligibility Criteria", "snapshot_id": "0e0d9beb64fe80e76c0092225595d952ee7f08a5f14fa79ff5fc89bd24e421b1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-study", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/study.html", "section": "Students entry for study — Eligibility Criteria", "snapshot_id": "0e0d9beb64fe80e76c0092225595d952ee7f08a5f14fa79ff5fc89bd24e421b1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-study", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/study.html", "section": "Students entry for study — Eligibility Criteria", "snapshot_id": "0e0d9beb64fe80e76c0092225595d952ee7f08a5f14fa79ff5fc89bd24e421b1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-study", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/study.html", "section": "Students entry for study — Eligibility Criteria", "snapshot_id": "0e0d9beb64fe80e76c0092225595d952ee7f08a5f14fa79ff5fc89bd24e421b1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "hong-kong-top-talent-pass", "country_id": "hong-kong", "country_names": { "en": "Hong Kong", "zh-Hans": "中国香港" }, "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Top Talent Pass Scheme", "zh-Hans": "顶尖人才通行证计划" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "talent_pass", "summary_md": { "en": "A Hong Kong talent admission route with Category A for high annual income, Categories B and C for graduates of eligible universities, and no Hong Kong job offer required at initial application.", "zh-Hans": "香港人才录取途径，A类适用于高年收入，B类和C类适用于符合条件的大学毕业生，首次申请时无需提供香港工作机会。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Non-refundable TTPS application fee", "zh-Hans": "不可退还的 TTPS 申请费" }, "amount": "unknown", "currency": "HKD", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": "unknown", "min_income": [ { "amount": 2500000, "currency": "HKD", "period": "annual", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "Category A threshold; Categories B and C use academic and work-history criteria instead.", "zh-Hans": "A类门槛； B 类和 C 类使用学术和工作经历标准。" } } ], "accepted_sources": [ "employment", "business_income", "self_employment" ], "income_location": "unknown", "proof_history_months": 12, "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "Category A uses taxable employment or business income in the preceding year. Extension requires Hong Kong employment with stable income or an established/joined Hong Kong business.", "zh-Hans": "A 类使用上一年的应税就业或营业收入。延期要求在香港就业并有稳定收入或已在香港成立/加盟企业。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "Entry applications normally take four weeks after all required documents and the relevant fee are received; extensions are normally processed in two to three weeks.", "zh-Hans": "入学申请通常在收到所有所需文件和相关费用后需要四个星期；延期通常会在两到三周内得到处理。" }, "initial_validity_months": "variable", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "variable" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": true }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": true, "max_child_age": 18, "spouse_work_allowed": true, "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "The TTPS dependant policy covers a spouse or qualifying civil partner and unmarried dependent children under 18; dependants are not prohibited from employment or study.", "zh-Hans": "TTPS 受养人政策涵盖配偶或合格的民事伴侣以及 18 岁以下的未婚受抚养子女；不禁止家属就业或学习。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": true, "min_residence_years": 7, "summary_md": { "en": "Persons admitted under TTPS who have ordinarily resided in Hong Kong for a continuous period of not less than seven years may apply for right of abode under the law.", "zh-Hans": "根据TTPS来港人士在香港通常居住连续满七年，可依法申请居留权。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained Immigration Department pages establish a right-of-abode route but do not establish a citizenship route.", "zh-Hans": "保留的移民局页面建立了居留权途径，但没有建立公民身份途径。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 4, "permanence_score": 4, "family_friendliness_score": 5, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "residence", "pathway_mechanism": "talent_pass", "pathway_type": "residence", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": "unknown" }, "source_ids": [ "hong-kong-immd-ttps", "hong-kong-immd-ttps-faq" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-ttps", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/TTPS.html", "section": "Eligibility Criteria and Entry of Dependants", "snapshot_id": "f56154cbb05121ab9d67255cafc59a6ff0a001bc7e34105ffc3baa86202c8971", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:27.494Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-ttps", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/TTPS.html", "section": "Eligibility Criteria and Entry of Dependants", "snapshot_id": "f56154cbb05121ab9d67255cafc59a6ff0a001bc7e34105ffc3baa86202c8971", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:27.494Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-ttps", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/TTPS.html", "section": "Eligibility Criteria and Entry of Dependants", "snapshot_id": "f56154cbb05121ab9d67255cafc59a6ff0a001bc7e34105ffc3baa86202c8971", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:27.494Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-ttps", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/TTPS.html", "section": "Eligibility Criteria and Entry of Dependants", "snapshot_id": "f56154cbb05121ab9d67255cafc59a6ff0a001bc7e34105ffc3baa86202c8971", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:27.494Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-ttps", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/TTPS.html", "section": "Eligibility Criteria and Entry of Dependants", "snapshot_id": "f56154cbb05121ab9d67255cafc59a6ff0a001bc7e34105ffc3baa86202c8971", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:27.494Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-ttps-faq", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/faq/TTPS.html", "section": "Eligibility, condition of stay, dependants, and extension of stay", "snapshot_id": "ca6fa9abfe75739f70c6af5878fa455cb77624a59f2ea99dc50525ac138af4d7", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:28.622Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-ttps", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/TTPS.html", "section": "Eligibility Criteria and Entry of Dependants", "snapshot_id": "f56154cbb05121ab9d67255cafc59a6ff0a001bc7e34105ffc3baa86202c8971", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:27.494Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-ttps-faq", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/faq/TTPS.html", "section": "Eligibility, condition of stay, dependants, and extension of stay", "snapshot_id": "ca6fa9abfe75739f70c6af5878fa455cb77624a59f2ea99dc50525ac138af4d7", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:28.622Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-ttps", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/TTPS.html", "section": "Eligibility Criteria and Entry of Dependants", "snapshot_id": "f56154cbb05121ab9d67255cafc59a6ff0a001bc7e34105ffc3baa86202c8971", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:27.494Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-ttps-faq", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/faq/TTPS.html", "section": "Eligibility, condition of stay, dependants, and extension of stay", "snapshot_id": "ca6fa9abfe75739f70c6af5878fa455cb77624a59f2ea99dc50525ac138af4d7", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:28.622Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-ttps-faq", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/faq/TTPS.html", "section": "Eligibility, condition of stay, dependants, and extension of stay", "snapshot_id": "ca6fa9abfe75739f70c6af5878fa455cb77624a59f2ea99dc50525ac138af4d7", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:28.622Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-ttps", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/TTPS.html", "section": "Eligibility Criteria and Entry of Dependants", "snapshot_id": "f56154cbb05121ab9d67255cafc59a6ff0a001bc7e34105ffc3baa86202c8971", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:27.494Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-ttps", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/TTPS.html", "section": "Eligibility Criteria and Entry of Dependants", "snapshot_id": "f56154cbb05121ab9d67255cafc59a6ff0a001bc7e34105ffc3baa86202c8971", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:27.494Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "hong-kong-immd-ttps-faq", "url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/faq/TTPS.html", "section": "Eligibility, condition of stay, dependants, and extension of stay", "snapshot_id": "ca6fa9abfe75739f70c6af5878fa455cb77624a59f2ea99dc50525ac138af4d7", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:28.622Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:28.622Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:28.622Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:28.622Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "japan-digital-nomad", "country_id": "japan", "country_names": { "en": "Japan", "zh-Hans": "日本" }, "category_ids": [ "digital_nomad" ], "official_names": { "en": "Designated Activities (Digital Nomad)", "zh-Hans": "特定活动（数字游民）" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "remote_income", "summary_md": { "en": "A temporary Japan route for nationals of eligible visa-exempt tax-treaty countries who earn at least 10 million yen a year and hold private medical travel insurance covering death, injury and illness (medical treatment coverage of 10 million yen or more). Work must be remote international work for a foreign employer or overseas clients using ICT; local Japanese employment is not the model.", "zh-Hans": "面向合资格免签且适用日本税收协定国家/地区国民的临时途径，要求年收入至少 1,000 万日元，并持有覆盖死亡、伤害、疾病的民间旅行医疗保险（伤病医疗补偿额 1,000 万日元以上）。工作须是利用信息通信技术为境外组织或境外客户从事国际远程工作，而非在日本本地就业模式。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": true, "min_income": [ { "amount": 10000000, "currency": "JPY", "period": "annual", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "ISA states annual income must be at least 10 million yen at the time of application, proven by tax or income certificates from the country where the applicant worked.", "zh-Hans": "出入国在留管理厅说明申请时年收入须至少 1,000 万日元，并以工作所在国的税务或收入证明证明。" } } ], "accepted_sources": [ "remote_employment", "freelance", "business_income" ], "income_location": "outside_destination" }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "A Certificate of Eligibility application may be filed with regional immigration services. Stay is six months with no extension. After using the full six months, reapplication for the same status requires waiting another six months.", "zh-Hans": "可向地方出入国在留管理局申请在留资格认定证明书。停留期为六个月且不可延期。用满六个月后，再次申请同一资格须再等待六个月。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "initial_validity_months": 6, "renewable": false, "max_stay_months": 6 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": false, "remote_work_allowed": true, "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "limited" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": true, "spouse_work_allowed": false, "dependent_parents_allowed": false, "note_md": { "en": "ISA publishes a separate Designated Activities status for the spouse or child of a digital nomad, also for six months with private medical insurance requirements.", "zh-Hans": "出入国在留管理厅另公布数字游民配偶或子女的特定活动资格，同样为六个月，并有民间医疗保险要求。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": false, "summary_md": { "en": "This status is temporary for up to six months, does not issue a residence card, and does not establish a permanent-residence pathway.", "zh-Hans": "该资格最长临时停留六个月，不签发在留卡，也不构成永久居留路径。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": false, "summary_md": { "en": "The digital-nomad sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "数字游民来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 4, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 1, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "temporary_no_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "remote_income", "pathway_type": "temporary_only", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "japan-isa-digital-nomad" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-digital-nomad", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "quote_md": "Six months (No extension will be granted.)", "section": "Designated Activities for Digital Nomad", "snapshot_id": "2bdbe5663fa629cf8a7fd46b30e3dbe4e2913259eefb32528ff46a86e72a7d93", "quote_hash": "a5eb0e0e28c8213d7f06ec72e83c621be4db77365cea2681453d119b648b7380", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/status_note_md": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-digital-nomad", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "section": "Six months, reapply wait, no residence card", "snapshot_id": "2bdbe5663fa629cf8a7fd46b30e3dbe4e2913259eefb32528ff46a86e72a7d93", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-digital-nomad", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "section": "Income, insurance, nationality chart, remote work activities", "snapshot_id": "2bdbe5663fa629cf8a7fd46b30e3dbe4e2913259eefb32528ff46a86e72a7d93", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-digital-nomad", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "section": "Eligibility conditions for Digital Nomad", "snapshot_id": "2bdbe5663fa629cf8a7fd46b30e3dbe4e2913259eefb32528ff46a86e72a7d93", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-digital-nomad", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "section": "Nationality list, income and six-month limit", "snapshot_id": "2bdbe5663fa629cf8a7fd46b30e3dbe4e2913259eefb32528ff46a86e72a7d93", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-digital-nomad", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "section": "International remote work using ICT for foreign organisations or clients", "snapshot_id": "2bdbe5663fa629cf8a7fd46b30e3dbe4e2913259eefb32528ff46a86e72a7d93", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-digital-nomad", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "section": "Nationality, income, insurance requirements", "snapshot_id": "2bdbe5663fa629cf8a7fd46b30e3dbe4e2913259eefb32528ff46a86e72a7d93", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-digital-nomad", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "section": "Income proof rather than settlement funds table", "snapshot_id": "2bdbe5663fa629cf8a7fd46b30e3dbe4e2913259eefb32528ff46a86e72a7d93", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-digital-nomad", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "quote_md": "Annual income of an applicant must be at least 10 million yen at the time of application.", "section": "Annual income of at least 10 million yen", "snapshot_id": "2bdbe5663fa629cf8a7fd46b30e3dbe4e2913259eefb32528ff46a86e72a7d93", "quote_hash": "4b0a8f39311bec685ea0f9d02ff3ad1c9ae1bac681e1e4d6751b293a13ff9e83", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-digital-nomad", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "section": "Six months, no extension, reapply wait", "snapshot_id": "2bdbe5663fa629cf8a7fd46b30e3dbe4e2913259eefb32528ff46a86e72a7d93", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-digital-nomad", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "section": "International remote work activities", "snapshot_id": "2bdbe5663fa629cf8a7fd46b30e3dbe4e2913259eefb32528ff46a86e72a7d93", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-digital-nomad", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "section": "Spouse or child of Digital Nomad", "snapshot_id": "2bdbe5663fa629cf8a7fd46b30e3dbe4e2913259eefb32528ff46a86e72a7d93", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-digital-nomad", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "section": "Temporary six-month status without residence card", "snapshot_id": "2bdbe5663fa629cf8a7fd46b30e3dbe4e2913259eefb32528ff46a86e72a7d93", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-digital-nomad", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "section": "Citizenship not available on this status", "snapshot_id": "2bdbe5663fa629cf8a7fd46b30e3dbe4e2913259eefb32528ff46a86e72a7d93", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-digital-nomad", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "section": "Conservative digital-nomad filter fields", "snapshot_id": "2bdbe5663fa629cf8a7fd46b30e3dbe4e2913259eefb32528ff46a86e72a7d93", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "japan-engineer-specialist", "country_id": "japan", "country_names": { "en": "Japan", "zh-Hans": "日本" }, "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Engineer / Specialist in Humanities / International Services", "zh-Hans": "工程师/人文专家/国际服务" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "summary_md": { "en": "A Japan work residence status for technical, humanities, and certain foreign-culture-based activities performed under a contract with a public or private institution in Japan.", "zh-Hans": "根据与日本公共或私人机构签订的合同进行的技术、人文和某些外国文化活动的日本工作居留身份。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": true, "accepted_sources": [ "employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination", "proof_history_months": "unknown", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The status is based on paid activity under a contract with an institution in Japan; the retained page does not state a universal salary minimum.", "zh-Hans": "该状态基于与日本机构签订的合同下的付费活动；保留的页面没有规定普遍最低工资。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "The ISA page provides application procedures and document categories but no single processing-time value in the retained text.", "zh-Hans": "ISA 页面提供了申请程序和文档类别，但保留文本中没有单个处理时间值。" }, "initial_validity_months": "variable", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained ISA status page does not establish a permanent-residence pathway.", "zh-Hans": "保留的 ISA 状态页面不会建立永久居留途径。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained ISA status page does not establish a citizenship pathway.", "zh-Hans": "保留的 ISA 状态页面并未建立公民身份途径。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 4, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 2, "permanence_score": 3, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "requires_job_offer": true, "requires_local_entity": true }, "source_ids": [ "japan-isa-engineer-specialist", "japan-isa-residence-status-list" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-residence-status-list", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/index.html", "section": "Residence status index", "snapshot_id": "f6674778b30bf11445e7eee0314b9d3a75ca1f573a7d311333c43214f32a2d2c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:38:47.655Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-engineer-specialist", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/gijinkoku.html?lang=en", "section": "Activities covered and period of stay", "snapshot_id": "1fa7848b71d5ff31ef69fe67f7c7f8b219367c1102e9e2bfa168b9a8d48300b5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:29.406Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-engineer-specialist", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/gijinkoku.html?lang=en", "section": "Activities covered and period of stay", "snapshot_id": "1fa7848b71d5ff31ef69fe67f7c7f8b219367c1102e9e2bfa168b9a8d48300b5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:29.406Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-engineer-specialist", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/gijinkoku.html?lang=en", "section": "Activities covered and period of stay", "snapshot_id": "1fa7848b71d5ff31ef69fe67f7c7f8b219367c1102e9e2bfa168b9a8d48300b5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:29.406Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-engineer-specialist", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/gijinkoku.html?lang=en", "section": "Activities covered and period of stay", "snapshot_id": "1fa7848b71d5ff31ef69fe67f7c7f8b219367c1102e9e2bfa168b9a8d48300b5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:29.406Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-engineer-specialist", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/gijinkoku.html?lang=en", "section": "Activities covered and period of stay", "snapshot_id": "1fa7848b71d5ff31ef69fe67f7c7f8b219367c1102e9e2bfa168b9a8d48300b5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:29.406Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-engineer-specialist", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/gijinkoku.html?lang=en", "section": "Activities covered and period of stay", "snapshot_id": "1fa7848b71d5ff31ef69fe67f7c7f8b219367c1102e9e2bfa168b9a8d48300b5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:29.406Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-engineer-specialist", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/gijinkoku.html?lang=en", "section": "Activities covered and period of stay", "snapshot_id": "1fa7848b71d5ff31ef69fe67f7c7f8b219367c1102e9e2bfa168b9a8d48300b5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:29.406Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-engineer-specialist", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/gijinkoku.html?lang=en", "section": "Activities covered and period of stay", "snapshot_id": "1fa7848b71d5ff31ef69fe67f7c7f8b219367c1102e9e2bfa168b9a8d48300b5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:29.406Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-engineer-specialist", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/gijinkoku.html?lang=en", "section": "Activities covered and period of stay", "snapshot_id": "1fa7848b71d5ff31ef69fe67f7c7f8b219367c1102e9e2bfa168b9a8d48300b5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:29.406Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-engineer-specialist", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/gijinkoku.html?lang=en", "section": "Activities covered and period of stay", "snapshot_id": "1fa7848b71d5ff31ef69fe67f7c7f8b219367c1102e9e2bfa168b9a8d48300b5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:29.406Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-engineer-specialist", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/gijinkoku.html?lang=en", "section": "Activities covered and period of stay", "snapshot_id": "1fa7848b71d5ff31ef69fe67f7c7f8b219367c1102e9e2bfa168b9a8d48300b5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:29.406Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-engineer-specialist", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/gijinkoku.html?lang=en", "section": "Activities covered and period of stay", "snapshot_id": "1fa7848b71d5ff31ef69fe67f7c7f8b219367c1102e9e2bfa168b9a8d48300b5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:29.406Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "japan-isa-engineer-specialist", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/gijinkoku.html?lang=en", "section": "Activities covered and period of stay", "snapshot_id": "1fa7848b71d5ff31ef69fe67f7c7f8b219367c1102e9e2bfa168b9a8d48300b5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:29.406Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T05:38:47.655Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T05:38:47.655Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T05:38:47.655Z", "update_frequency_days": 30, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "japan-student", "country_id": "japan", "country_names": { "en": "Japan", "zh-Hans": "日本" }, "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Student status of residence", "zh-Hans": "留学在留资格" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "summary_md": { "en": "Japan's main study residence status for school-based learning. Applicants usually obtain a Certificate of Eligibility through the school, then a visa at a Japanese mission, and receive a residence card after entry when staying more than three months.", "zh-Hans": "日本面向学校学习的主要留学在留资格。申请人通常通过学校申请在留资格认定证明书，再向日本使领馆申请签证，停留超过三个月时入境后领取在留卡。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "Study in Japan states that COE or visa applications may require proof that the applicant can cover expenses while studying, such as savings, income certificates, or sponsor documentation.", "zh-Hans": "Study in Japan 说明申请认定证明书或签证时可能需要证明能够支付学习期间费用，例如存款、收入证明或担保人材料。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "The school usually acts as proxy for the Certificate of Eligibility. After the COE is issued, apply for a visa at a Japanese embassy or consulate. Period of stay is set case by case up to 4 years and 3 months.", "zh-Hans": "学校通常代理申请在留资格认定证明书。认定证明书签发后，向日本使领馆申请签证。居留期限按个案设定，最长 4 年 3 个月。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": 51 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": "unknown", "local_employment_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": false, "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": false }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "Student status is temporary. Changing to a work status after graduation follows separate Immigration Services Agency procedures and is not automatic.", "zh-Hans": "留学资格是临时的。毕业后变更为工作类在留资格需按出入国在留管理厅另行手续办理，并非自动获得。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The student sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "留学来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 2, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 4 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "japan-studyinjapan-student" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "japan-studyinjapan-student", "url": "https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/planning/immigration-procedures/", "quote_md": "The residential status for the purpose of studies at universities, junior colleges, colleges of technology, specialized training colleges or Japanese language schools in Japan is designated as \"Student.\"", "section": "Visas and Status of Residence — Student", "snapshot_id": "cbd801e4e5b02885c992e528868760a962dd7deafb82203a73b60cb70207a622", "quote_hash": "79bd5ec1d7b52609ec8d4b94b72a6d969fea7a0bb3e28d0676c3d6b3073b0e74", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/status_note_md": [ { "source_id": "japan-studyinjapan-student", "url": "https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/planning/immigration-procedures/", "section": "Period of stay not exceeding 4 years and 3 months", "snapshot_id": "cbd801e4e5b02885c992e528868760a962dd7deafb82203a73b60cb70207a622", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "japan-studyinjapan-student", "url": "https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/planning/immigration-procedures/", "section": "COE, visa application, residence card", "snapshot_id": "cbd801e4e5b02885c992e528868760a962dd7deafb82203a73b60cb70207a622", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "japan-studyinjapan-student", "url": "https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/planning/immigration-procedures/", "section": "Ability to pay expenses and COE process", "snapshot_id": "cbd801e4e5b02885c992e528868760a962dd7deafb82203a73b60cb70207a622", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "japan-studyinjapan-student", "url": "https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/planning/immigration-procedures/", "section": "Study-purpose residence status", "snapshot_id": "cbd801e4e5b02885c992e528868760a962dd7deafb82203a73b60cb70207a622", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "japan-studyinjapan-student", "url": "https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/planning/immigration-procedures/", "section": "School-based Student status", "snapshot_id": "cbd801e4e5b02885c992e528868760a962dd7deafb82203a73b60cb70207a622", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "japan-studyinjapan-student", "url": "https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/planning/immigration-procedures/", "section": "Eligible school types for Student status", "snapshot_id": "cbd801e4e5b02885c992e528868760a962dd7deafb82203a73b60cb70207a622", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "japan-studyinjapan-student", "url": "https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/planning/immigration-procedures/", "section": "Evidence showing ability to pay expenses", "snapshot_id": "cbd801e4e5b02885c992e528868760a962dd7deafb82203a73b60cb70207a622", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "japan-studyinjapan-student", "url": "https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/planning/immigration-procedures/", "section": "Expense coverage rather than employment income", "snapshot_id": "cbd801e4e5b02885c992e528868760a962dd7deafb82203a73b60cb70207a622", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "japan-studyinjapan-student", "url": "https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/planning/immigration-procedures/", "section": "COE then visa; period of stay up to 4 years 3 months", "snapshot_id": "cbd801e4e5b02885c992e528868760a962dd7deafb82203a73b60cb70207a622", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "japan-studyinjapan-student", "url": "https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/planning/immigration-procedures/", "section": "Student activities and residence card", "snapshot_id": "cbd801e4e5b02885c992e528868760a962dd7deafb82203a73b60cb70207a622", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "japan-studyinjapan-student", "url": "https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/planning/immigration-procedures/", "section": "Family rules not established on overview page", "snapshot_id": "cbd801e4e5b02885c992e528868760a962dd7deafb82203a73b60cb70207a622", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "japan-studyinjapan-student", "url": "https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/planning/immigration-procedures/", "section": "Temporary student status", "snapshot_id": "cbd801e4e5b02885c992e528868760a962dd7deafb82203a73b60cb70207a622", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "japan-studyinjapan-student", "url": "https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/planning/immigration-procedures/", "section": "Citizenship not established", "snapshot_id": "cbd801e4e5b02885c992e528868760a962dd7deafb82203a73b60cb70207a622", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "japan-studyinjapan-student", "url": "https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/planning/immigration-procedures/", "section": "Conservative Student status filter fields", "snapshot_id": "cbd801e4e5b02885c992e528868760a962dd7deafb82203a73b60cb70207a622", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 30, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "malaysia-de-rantau-nomad-pass", "country_id": "malaysia", "country_names": { "en": "Malaysia", "zh-Hans": "马来西亚" }, "category_ids": [ "digital_nomad" ], "official_names": { "en": "DE Rantau Nomad Pass", "zh-Hans": "DE Rantau 数字游牧者准证" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "remote_income", "summary_md": { "en": "A Malaysian digital-nomad route for eligible foreign digital professionals and remote workers. MDEC describes the programme as a way for qualified professionals to stay and work longer in Malaysia, while the latest update broadens eligible professional fields.", "zh-Hans": "面向符合条件的外国数字专业人士和远程工作者的马来西亚数字游牧途径。MDEC 将该计划描述为让合格专业人士在马来西亚停留和工作更长时间的途径，最新更新还扩大了可申请的专业领域。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": "unknown", "accepted_sources": [ "remote_employment", "self_employment", "freelance", "unknown" ], "income_location": "outside_destination" }, "timeline": { "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": "unknown", "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": true, "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained MDEC pages do not establish a permanent-residence route from the DE Rantau Nomad Pass.", "zh-Hans": "保留的 MDEC 页面没有确认 DE Rantau 数字游牧者准证通往永久居留的途径。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained MDEC pages do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "保留的 MDEC 页面没有确认公民资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 1, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "remote_income", "pathway_type": "temporary_only", "requires_job_offer": "unknown", "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau", "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/press-releases/mdec-expands-de-rantau-programme-new-opportunities-for-global-digital-nomads-and-exciting-partnerships", "section": "MDEC programme update and expanded professional coverage", "snapshot_id": "cdfd6c7e2c747cab06a2d6c0013e96dbda1b7dd4db7c95adce2afb8be8c29489", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.527Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/press-releases/mdec-expands-de-rantau-programme-new-opportunities-for-global-digital-nomads-and-exciting-partnerships", "section": "DE Rantau programme purpose and eligible professional scope", "snapshot_id": "cdfd6c7e2c747cab06a2d6c0013e96dbda1b7dd4db7c95adce2afb8be8c29489", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.527Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/press-releases/mdec-expands-de-rantau-programme-new-opportunities-for-global-digital-nomads-and-exciting-partnerships", "section": "DE Rantau programme scope", "snapshot_id": "cdfd6c7e2c747cab06a2d6c0013e96dbda1b7dd4db7c95adce2afb8be8c29489", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.527Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/press-releases/mdec-expands-de-rantau-programme-new-opportunities-for-global-digital-nomads-and-exciting-partnerships", "section": "Programme scope and limitations", "snapshot_id": "cdfd6c7e2c747cab06a2d6c0013e96dbda1b7dd4db7c95adce2afb8be8c29489", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.527Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/press-releases/mdec-expands-de-rantau-programme-new-opportunities-for-global-digital-nomads-and-exciting-partnerships", "section": "Digital nomad and remote-worker programme description", "snapshot_id": "cdfd6c7e2c747cab06a2d6c0013e96dbda1b7dd4db7c95adce2afb8be8c29489", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.527Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/press-releases/mdec-expands-de-rantau-programme-new-opportunities-for-global-digital-nomads-and-exciting-partnerships", "section": "Expanded professional coverage", "snapshot_id": "cdfd6c7e2c747cab06a2d6c0013e96dbda1b7dd4db7c95adce2afb8be8c29489", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.527Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/press-releases/mdec-expands-de-rantau-programme-new-opportunities-for-global-digital-nomads-and-exciting-partnerships", "section": "Application requirements not established on retained pages", "snapshot_id": "cdfd6c7e2c747cab06a2d6c0013e96dbda1b7dd4db7c95adce2afb8be8c29489", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.527Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/press-releases/mdec-expands-de-rantau-programme-new-opportunities-for-global-digital-nomads-and-exciting-partnerships", "section": "Application requirements not established on retained pages", "snapshot_id": "cdfd6c7e2c747cab06a2d6c0013e96dbda1b7dd4db7c95adce2afb8be8c29489", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.527Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/press-releases/mdec-expands-de-rantau-programme-new-opportunities-for-global-digital-nomads-and-exciting-partnerships", "section": "Pass duration not established on retained pages", "snapshot_id": "cdfd6c7e2c747cab06a2d6c0013e96dbda1b7dd4db7c95adce2afb8be8c29489", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.527Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/press-releases/mdec-expands-de-rantau-programme-new-opportunities-for-global-digital-nomads-and-exciting-partnerships", "section": "Stay and work description", "snapshot_id": "cdfd6c7e2c747cab06a2d6c0013e96dbda1b7dd4db7c95adce2afb8be8c29489", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.527Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/press-releases/mdec-expands-de-rantau-programme-new-opportunities-for-global-digital-nomads-and-exciting-partnerships", "section": "Family conditions not established on retained pages", "snapshot_id": "cdfd6c7e2c747cab06a2d6c0013e96dbda1b7dd4db7c95adce2afb8be8c29489", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.527Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/press-releases/mdec-expands-de-rantau-programme-new-opportunities-for-global-digital-nomads-and-exciting-partnerships", "section": "Long-term residence not established", "snapshot_id": "cdfd6c7e2c747cab06a2d6c0013e96dbda1b7dd4db7c95adce2afb8be8c29489", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.527Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/press-releases/mdec-expands-de-rantau-programme-new-opportunities-for-global-digital-nomads-and-exciting-partnerships", "section": "Citizenship not established", "snapshot_id": "cdfd6c7e2c747cab06a2d6c0013e96dbda1b7dd4db7c95adce2afb8be8c29489", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.527Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/press-releases/mdec-expands-de-rantau-programme-new-opportunities-for-global-digital-nomads-and-exciting-partnerships", "section": "Conservative bootstrap filter fields", "snapshot_id": "cdfd6c7e2c747cab06a2d6c0013e96dbda1b7dd4db7c95adce2afb8be8c29489", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.527Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T11:42:03Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T11:42:03Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.527Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "malaysia-employment-pass", "country_id": "malaysia", "country_names": { "en": "Malaysia", "zh-Hans": "马来西亚" }, "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Employment Pass (Category I–III)", "zh-Hans": "就业准证（第一至第三类别）" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "summary_md": { "en": "An employer-sponsored Malaysian work-pass route for expatriates hired by an ESD-registered company. The ESD guidebook describes company registration and activation, expatriate application, Employment Pass categories, supporting-agency processes, and pass endorsement.", "zh-Hans": "面向由 ESD 注册公司聘用的外籍人士的马来西亚雇主担保工作准证途径。ESD 指南说明了公司注册和激活、外籍人士申请、就业准证类别、支持机构流程以及准证签注。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": true, "min_income": [ { "amount": "unknown", "currency": "MYR", "period": "monthly", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total" } ], "accepted_sources": [ "employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The ESD portal states that revised Employment Pass salary thresholds and a structured employment-duration framework take effect on June 1, 2026. The category table and case-specific exceptions must be checked before filing.", "zh-Hans": "ESD 门户说明，修订后的就业准证薪资门槛和结构化雇佣期限框架自 2026 年 6 月 1 日起实施。递交申请前必须核对类别表和案件特定例外。" } }, "timeline": { "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained Employment Pass sources do not establish a permanent-residence outcome.", "zh-Hans": "保留的就业准证来源没有确认永久居留结果。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained Employment Pass sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "保留的就业准证来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "pathway_type": "temporary_only", "requires_job_offer": true, "requires_local_entity": true }, "source_ids": [ "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-guidebook", "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-overview", "malaysia-mdec-foreign-knowledge-worker-epass" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-overview", "url": "https://esd.imi.gov.my", "section": "Employment Pass categories and current ESD policy notices", "snapshot_id": "7081c042f837f910e3fae2087e806a28affa4632a8ffaa116fe9abef7139f189", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:15.528Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-guidebook", "url": "https://esd.imi.gov.my/portal/pdf/ESD_Online_Guidebook_V6_2025_(14042025).pdf", "section": "Employment of expatriates in Malaysia and ESD application stages", "snapshot_id": "5ea9d1983b725904dc3ba1edbc46d88180529e54bae37f9d9aab0fdf0a6c7edb", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:14.052Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-guidebook", "url": "https://esd.imi.gov.my/portal/pdf/ESD_Online_Guidebook_V6_2025_(14042025).pdf", "section": "Company registration, activation, and expatriate application requirements", "snapshot_id": "5ea9d1983b725904dc3ba1edbc46d88180529e54bae37f9d9aab0fdf0a6c7edb", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:14.052Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-guidebook", "url": "https://esd.imi.gov.my/portal/pdf/ESD_Online_Guidebook_V6_2025_(14042025).pdf", "section": "Employment Pass employer and category conditions", "snapshot_id": "5ea9d1983b725904dc3ba1edbc46d88180529e54bae37f9d9aab0fdf0a6c7edb", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:14.052Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-guidebook", "url": "https://esd.imi.gov.my/portal/pdf/ESD_Online_Guidebook_V6_2025_(14042025).pdf", "section": "Employment Pass applied for by the hiring company", "snapshot_id": "5ea9d1983b725904dc3ba1edbc46d88180529e54bae37f9d9aab0fdf0a6c7edb", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:14.052Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-guidebook", "url": "https://esd.imi.gov.my/portal/pdf/ESD_Online_Guidebook_V6_2025_(14042025).pdf", "section": "Eligibility criteria for Employment Pass applications", "snapshot_id": "5ea9d1983b725904dc3ba1edbc46d88180529e54bae37f9d9aab0fdf0a6c7edb", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:14.052Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-guidebook", "url": "https://esd.imi.gov.my/portal/pdf/ESD_Online_Guidebook_V6_2025_(14042025).pdf", "section": "Document checklist and application costs", "snapshot_id": "5ea9d1983b725904dc3ba1edbc46d88180529e54bae37f9d9aab0fdf0a6c7edb", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:14.052Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-overview", "url": "https://esd.imi.gov.my", "section": "Revised Employment Pass salary policy and category thresholds", "snapshot_id": "7081c042f837f910e3fae2087e806a28affa4632a8ffaa116fe9abef7139f189", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:15.528Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-guidebook", "url": "https://esd.imi.gov.my/portal/pdf/ESD_Online_Guidebook_V6_2025_(14042025).pdf", "section": "ESD application and pass endorsement stages", "snapshot_id": "5ea9d1983b725904dc3ba1edbc46d88180529e54bae37f9d9aab0fdf0a6c7edb", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:14.052Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-foreign-knowledge-worker-epass", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/expats/announcement/implementation-of-electronic-pass-epass--for-foreign-knowledge-worker-application", "section": "Employment Pass and foreign knowledge worker pass endorsement", "snapshot_id": "a4f37a441923d3b23d000f60f231bff3032107389ab1985034c3b811242fcc85", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:16.054Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-mdec-foreign-knowledge-worker-epass", "url": "https://www.mdec.my/expats/announcement/implementation-of-electronic-pass-epass--for-foreign-knowledge-worker-application", "section": "Dependant Pass availability in the ESD guidebook", "snapshot_id": "a4f37a441923d3b23d000f60f231bff3032107389ab1985034c3b811242fcc85", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:16.054Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-guidebook", "url": "https://esd.imi.gov.my/portal/pdf/ESD_Online_Guidebook_V6_2025_(14042025).pdf", "section": "Permanent residence not established", "snapshot_id": "5ea9d1983b725904dc3ba1edbc46d88180529e54bae37f9d9aab0fdf0a6c7edb", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:14.052Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-guidebook", "url": "https://esd.imi.gov.my/portal/pdf/ESD_Online_Guidebook_V6_2025_(14042025).pdf", "section": "Citizenship not established", "snapshot_id": "5ea9d1983b725904dc3ba1edbc46d88180529e54bae37f9d9aab0fdf0a6c7edb", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:14.052Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-guidebook", "url": "https://esd.imi.gov.my/portal/pdf/ESD_Online_Guidebook_V6_2025_(14042025).pdf", "section": "Conservative Employment Pass filter fields", "snapshot_id": "5ea9d1983b725904dc3ba1edbc46d88180529e54bae37f9d9aab0fdf0a6c7edb", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:14.052Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T11:56:45Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T11:56:45Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:16.054Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "malaysia-student-pass", "country_id": "malaysia", "country_names": { "en": "Malaysia", "zh-Hans": "马来西亚" }, "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Student Pass", "zh-Hans": "学生准证" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "summary_md": { "en": "A study residence route for international students admitted to approved Malaysian institutions. The documented process includes an offer letter, EMGS or institutional application, academic screening, eVAL, possible Single-Entry Visa, arrival medical screening, and Student Pass endorsement.", "zh-Hans": "面向获准进入马来西亚认可机构学习的国际学生的学习居留途径。已记录流程包括录取通知书、EMGS 或学校申请、学术审查、电子签证批准信、可能需要的单次入境签证、抵达后的体检以及学生准证签注。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Student Pass fee", "zh-Hans": "学生准证费用" }, "amount": 60, "currency": "MYR", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable" }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "EMGS states a 14-working-day client charter for a complete application, while incomplete or incorrect documents can add time. A Student Pass is usually issued for up to one year at a time and may be renewed subject to the approved study duration and conditions.", "zh-Hans": "EMGS 说明，完整申请的客户服务时限为 14 个工作日，但材料不完整或错误可能延长时间。学生准证通常一次签发最长一年，并可根据获批学习期限和条件续签。" }, "processing_time_months_min": 0.5, "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "initial_validity_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": "limited", "local_employment_allowed": "limited", "remote_work_allowed": false, "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": false }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "limited", "unmarried_partner_allowed": false, "children_allowed": "limited", "spouse_work_allowed": false, "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "Dependants are conditional. Immigration says only Student Pass holders at Master’s or PhD level may bring dependants to reside, while EMGS describes additional nationality and programme conditions.", "zh-Hans": "家属资格具有条件限制。移民局说明，只有硕士或博士阶段的学生准证持有人可以携带家属居住；EMGS 还说明了其他国籍和课程条件。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The Student Pass and Graduate Pass sources do not establish a permanent-residence outcome.", "zh-Hans": "学生准证和毕业生准证来源没有确认永久居留结果。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained Student Pass sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "保留的学生准证来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 2, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "pathway_type": "temporary_only", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "malaysia-immigration-student-pass", "malaysia-emgs-student-pass-faq" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-immigration-student-pass", "url": "https://www.imi.gov.my/index.php/en/main-services/pass/student-pass", "section": "Student Pass facility and application categories", "snapshot_id": "18f9e674e65585ca0b321c828d2bd2b3db5a098df9477f96d8c559b32d8003a7", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:15.578Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-emgs-student-pass-faq", "url": "https://educationmalaysia.gov.my/get-in-touch/faq", "section": "Student Pass application stages and eVAL process", "snapshot_id": "3b1e10f013e96868393ea180b605df5d0f416a6ff913fa0b8eb449a68e8f67f5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:13.665Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-emgs-student-pass-faq", "url": "https://educationmalaysia.gov.my/get-in-touch/faq", "section": "Student Pass requirements and EMGS application process", "snapshot_id": 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renewal", "snapshot_id": "3b1e10f013e96868393ea180b605df5d0f416a6ff913fa0b8eb449a68e8f67f5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:13.665Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-emgs-student-pass-faq", "url": "https://educationmalaysia.gov.my/get-in-touch/faq", "section": "Limited part-time work and study permission", "snapshot_id": "3b1e10f013e96868393ea180b605df5d0f416a6ff913fa0b8eb449a68e8f67f5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:13.665Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-immigration-student-pass", "url": "https://www.imi.gov.my/index.php/en/main-services/pass/student-pass", "section": "Dependants and guardians for Student Pass holders", "snapshot_id": "18f9e674e65585ca0b321c828d2bd2b3db5a098df9477f96d8c559b32d8003a7", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:15.578Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-immigration-student-pass", "url": "https://www.imi.gov.my/index.php/en/main-services/pass/student-pass", "section": "Permanent residence not established", "snapshot_id": "18f9e674e65585ca0b321c828d2bd2b3db5a098df9477f96d8c559b32d8003a7", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:15.578Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-immigration-student-pass", "url": "https://www.imi.gov.my/index.php/en/main-services/pass/student-pass", "section": "Citizenship not established", "snapshot_id": "18f9e674e65585ca0b321c828d2bd2b3db5a098df9477f96d8c559b32d8003a7", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:15.578Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "malaysia-emgs-student-pass-faq", "url": "https://educationmalaysia.gov.my/get-in-touch/faq", "section": "Conservative Student Pass filter fields", "snapshot_id": "3b1e10f013e96868393ea180b605df5d0f416a6ff913fa0b8eb449a68e8f67f5", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:13.665Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T11:56:45Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T11:56:45Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:16.054Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "netherlands-highly-skilled-migrant", "country_id": "netherlands", "country_names": { "en": "Netherlands", "zh-Hans": "荷兰" }, "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Residence Permit for Highly Skilled Migrants", "zh-Hans": "高技术移民居留许可" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "summary_md": { "en": "A Netherlands residence permit for highly skilled work based on an employment contract with an IND-recognised sponsor and an indexed salary criterion.", "zh-Hans": "基于与 IND 认可的担保人签订的雇佣合同和指数工资标准，获得荷兰高技能工作居留许可。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": true, "accepted_sources": [ "employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination", "proof_history_months": "unknown", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The salary must meet the indexed criterion for the applicant’s situation, be paid monthly into an account in the applicant’s name, and match the market rate. The PDF lists standard, under-30, and reduced salary criteria without embedding a single permanent amount.", "zh-Hans": "工资必须符合申请人情况的指数标准，每月支付到申请人名下的账户，并与市场利率相匹配。 PDF 列出了标​​准工资、30 岁以下工资和减薪标准，但没有嵌入任何永久金额。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "If the recognised sponsor submits a complete application, the IND process can be completed within two weeks according to the retained guide. Permit validity depends on the employment and residence conditions.", "zh-Hans": "如果认可的申办者提交完整的申请，IND流程可以根据保留的指南在两周内完成。许可证的有效期取决于就业和居留条件。" }, "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": 60 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": false, "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": false }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "The retained highly skilled migrant guide does not establish dependant eligibility in this fixture; family conditions require a separate IND family assessment.", "zh-Hans": "保留的高技术移民指南并未在此规定中建立依附资格；家庭条件需要单独的 IND 家庭评估。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained guide establishes the highly skilled migrant residence permit but does not establish an individual permanent-residence outcome.", "zh-Hans": "保留的指南规定了高技术移民居留许可，但没有规定个人永久居留结果。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained guide does not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "保留的指南不规定公民资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 4, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 4, "permanence_score": 3, "family_friendliness_score": 2, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "requires_job_offer": true, "requires_local_entity": true }, "source_ids": [ "netherlands-ind-highly-skilled-migrant" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-highly-skilled-migrant", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/3072.pdf", "section": "Requirements, recognised sponsor, employment contract, salary criterion, and application process", "snapshot_id": 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"url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/3072.pdf", "section": "Requirements, recognised sponsor, employment contract, salary criterion, and application process", "snapshot_id": "a2dd98abf501fbbd3044b9009a2cbb159e759f38123dda0e492204a5082e034c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.472Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-highly-skilled-migrant", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/3072.pdf", "section": "Requirements, recognised sponsor, employment contract, salary criterion, and application process", "snapshot_id": "a2dd98abf501fbbd3044b9009a2cbb159e759f38123dda0e492204a5082e034c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.472Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-highly-skilled-migrant", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/3072.pdf", "section": "Requirements, recognised sponsor, employment contract, salary criterion, and application process", "snapshot_id": "a2dd98abf501fbbd3044b9009a2cbb159e759f38123dda0e492204a5082e034c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.472Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-highly-skilled-migrant", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/3072.pdf", "section": "Requirements, recognised sponsor, employment contract, salary criterion, and application process", "snapshot_id": "a2dd98abf501fbbd3044b9009a2cbb159e759f38123dda0e492204a5082e034c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.472Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-highly-skilled-migrant", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/3072.pdf", "section": "Requirements, recognised sponsor, employment contract, salary criterion, and application process", "snapshot_id": "a2dd98abf501fbbd3044b9009a2cbb159e759f38123dda0e492204a5082e034c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.472Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-highly-skilled-migrant", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/3072.pdf", "section": "Requirements, recognised sponsor, employment contract, salary criterion, and application process", "snapshot_id": "a2dd98abf501fbbd3044b9009a2cbb159e759f38123dda0e492204a5082e034c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.472Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-highly-skilled-migrant", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/3072.pdf", "section": "Requirements, recognised sponsor, employment contract, salary criterion, and application process", "snapshot_id": "a2dd98abf501fbbd3044b9009a2cbb159e759f38123dda0e492204a5082e034c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.472Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-highly-skilled-migrant", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/3072.pdf", "section": "Requirements, recognised sponsor, employment contract, salary criterion, and application process", "snapshot_id": "a2dd98abf501fbbd3044b9009a2cbb159e759f38123dda0e492204a5082e034c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.472Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.472Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.472Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.472Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "netherlands-orientation-year", "country_id": "netherlands", "country_names": { "en": "Netherlands", "zh-Hans": "荷兰" }, "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Residence Permit for an Orientation Year", "zh-Hans": "求职年居留许可" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "summary_md": { "en": "A one-year Netherlands residence permit for qualifying graduates, PhD holders, researchers, and other highly educated applicants to seek work after recent study or research.", "zh-Hans": "为符合资格的毕业生、博士持有者、研究人员和其他受过高等教育的申请人在最近的学习或研究后寻找工作提供一年期的荷兰居留许可。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": false, "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable", "proof_history_months": "unknown", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The retained form is an admission and residence application based on qualifying education or research, not a personal-income route.", "zh-Hans": "保留的表格是基于合格教育或研究的入学和居住申请，而不是个人收入途径。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "The permit is an orientation year: one year to look for work in the Netherlands. The retained form does not establish a processing duration.", "zh-Hans": "该许可证是一个求职年：在荷兰寻找工作的一年。保留的表格不规定处理期限。" }, "initial_validity_months": 12, "renewable": false, "max_stay_months": 12 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "The retained orientation-year form does not establish dependant conditions.", "zh-Hans": "保留的求职年表格不设定附属条件。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "The permit provides one year to find work; the IND highly skilled migrant guide identifies the orientation year as one route to the reduced salary criterion for a later highly skilled migrant application.", "zh-Hans": "该许可证提供一年的找工作时间； IND 高技术移民指南将求职年确定为以后高技术移民申请降低工资标准的一种途径。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained orientation-year form does not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "保留的求职年表格并不确定公民资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 2, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "pathway_type": "temporary_only", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "netherlands-ind-orientation-year" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-orientation-year", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/9571.pdf", "section": "Eligibility within the previous three years and orientation-year application requirements", "snapshot_id": "bdb84360084ce93fa7ae3a821a927e384f99d825b4cabc67f23d76a3222b2789", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.961Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-orientation-year", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/9571.pdf", "section": "Eligibility within the previous three years and orientation-year application requirements", "snapshot_id": "bdb84360084ce93fa7ae3a821a927e384f99d825b4cabc67f23d76a3222b2789", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.961Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-orientation-year", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/9571.pdf", "section": "Eligibility within the previous three years and orientation-year application requirements", "snapshot_id": "bdb84360084ce93fa7ae3a821a927e384f99d825b4cabc67f23d76a3222b2789", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.961Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-orientation-year", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/9571.pdf", "section": "Eligibility within the previous three years and orientation-year application requirements", "snapshot_id": "bdb84360084ce93fa7ae3a821a927e384f99d825b4cabc67f23d76a3222b2789", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.961Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-orientation-year", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/9571.pdf", "section": "Eligibility within the previous three years and orientation-year application requirements", "snapshot_id": "bdb84360084ce93fa7ae3a821a927e384f99d825b4cabc67f23d76a3222b2789", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.961Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-orientation-year", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/9571.pdf", "section": "Eligibility within the previous three years and orientation-year application requirements", "snapshot_id": "bdb84360084ce93fa7ae3a821a927e384f99d825b4cabc67f23d76a3222b2789", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.961Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-orientation-year", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/9571.pdf", "section": "Eligibility within the previous three years and orientation-year 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"section": "Eligibility within the previous three years and orientation-year application requirements", "snapshot_id": "bdb84360084ce93fa7ae3a821a927e384f99d825b4cabc67f23d76a3222b2789", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.961Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "netherlands-ind-orientation-year", "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/9571.pdf", "section": "Eligibility within the previous three years and orientation-year application requirements", "snapshot_id": "bdb84360084ce93fa7ae3a821a927e384f99d825b4cabc67f23d76a3222b2789", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.961Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.961Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.961Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T07:52:43.961Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "new-zealand-accredited-employer-work-visa", "country_id": "new-zealand", "country_names": { "en": "New Zealand", "zh-Hans": "新西兰" }, "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Accredited Employer Work Visa (AEWV)", "zh-Hans": "认可雇主工作签证（AEWV）" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "summary_md": { "en": "A New Zealand work visa for a full-time job offer from an accredited employer, with job-specific conditions, up to five years for most jobs, and possible residence options depending on the occupation.", "zh-Hans": "新西兰工作签证，由认可的雇主提供全职工作机会，具有特定于工作的条件，大多数工作最长可达五年，并根据职业提供可能的居留选择。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "AEWV application fee from", "zh-Hans": "AEWV 申请费从" }, "amount": 1540, "currency": "NZD", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": "unknown", "accepted_sources": [ "employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination", "proof_history_months": "unknown", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The retained AEWV page ties eligibility to the offered job and employment agreement; it does not establish one universal personal-income threshold in this fixture.", "zh-Hans": "保留的 AEWV 页面将资格与所提供的工作和就业协议联系起来；它没有在此规定中设定普遍的个人收入门槛。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "Immigration New Zealand lists 80% processing within seven weeks. The visa can be up to five years based on the job; most jobs have a five-year maximum continuous stay and ANZSCO skill-level 4 or 5 jobs generally have three years.", "zh-Hans": "新西兰移民局列出 80% 的处理时间为七周内。根据工作情况，签证最长可达五年；大多数工作的最长连续停留期限为五年，ANZSCO 技能级别 4 或 5 工作的最长连续停留期限为三年。" }, "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": 60 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": false, "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": false }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": true, "children_allowed": true, "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": false, "note_md": { "en": "Partner and dependent-child visas may be supported, but the exact visa type depends on earnings, occupation skill level, NOL/ANZSCO status, Green List or approved transport/care-workforce status, and other conditions.", "zh-Hans": "可能支持伴侣和受抚养子女签证，但确切的签证类型取决于收入、职业技能水平、NOL/ANZSCO 状态、绿名单或批准的交通/护理劳动力状态以及其他条件。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "The AEWV page says the visa can lead to a resident visa depending on the job and points applicants to New Zealand skilled-residence pathways.", "zh-Hans": "AEWV 页面称，该签证可以根据工作获得居民签证，并为申请人提供新西兰技术居留途径。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "AEWV alone does not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "AEWV 本身并不能确定公民资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 4, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 3, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "requires_job_offer": true, "requires_local_entity": true }, "source_ids": [ "new-zealand-inz-aewv", "new-zealand-inz-aewv-family", "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { 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"retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:39.112Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-aewv", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/accredited-employer-work-visa", "section": "AEWV overview, duration, eligibility, skills, and residence option", "snapshot_id": "f3b485394dd371ee7fa0af244bc43340790a74674089b7c048430ebc7177e395", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:39.112Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-aewv", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/accredited-employer-work-visa", "section": "AEWV overview, duration, eligibility, skills, and residence option", "snapshot_id": "f3b485394dd371ee7fa0af244bc43340790a74674089b7c048430ebc7177e395", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:39.112Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-aewv-family", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/process-to-apply/once-you-have-a-visa/bringing-family-to-new-zealand/bringing-family-if-you-have-a-work-visa/bringing-family-if-you-have-an-accredited-employer-work-visa-aewv", "section": "Family support and conditional partner/child visa eligibility", "snapshot_id": "ce0b1fefc909baa1fa43ed14151adff4e7b0462a7418c0e2452ede9093f2270c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.533Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa", "section": "SMC resident eligibility, points, duration, family, and permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "2c172883728961a55311ebca7b4ca6fff88c8b47fb98d66100bca6ec2ac83269", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-aewv", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/accredited-employer-work-visa", "section": "AEWV overview, duration, eligibility, skills, and residence option", "snapshot_id": "f3b485394dd371ee7fa0af244bc43340790a74674089b7c048430ebc7177e395", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:39.112Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-aewv", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/accredited-employer-work-visa", "section": "AEWV overview, duration, eligibility, skills, and residence option", "snapshot_id": "f3b485394dd371ee7fa0af244bc43340790a74674089b7c048430ebc7177e395", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:39.112Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:39.112Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:39.112Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:39.112Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "new-zealand-fee-paying-student", "country_id": "new-zealand", "country_names": { "en": "New Zealand", "zh-Hans": "新西兰" }, "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Fee Paying Student Visa", "zh-Hans": "自费学生签证（Fee Paying Student Visa）" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "summary_md": { "en": "A New Zealand student visa for people with an offer of place from an approved education provider who pay international tuition (or partial scholarship). INZ says stay can be up to 4 years, online applications cost from NZD $850, and 80% of decisions are within 9.5 weeks. Limited part-time work (up to 25 hours a week while studying, full-time in holidays) depends on visa conditions. Living funds are typically NZD $20,000 per year for tertiary study.", "zh-Hans": "面向获认可教育机构录取并支付国际学费（或部分奖学金）者的新西兰学生签证。移民局说明最长可停留 4 年，在线申请费用起价约 850 新西兰元，80% 在 9.5 周内出结果。有限兼职（学习期间每周最多 25 小时，假期可全职）取决于签证条件。高等教育生活费资金通常为每年 20,000 新西兰元。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [ { "amount": 20000, "currency": "NZD", "period": "annual", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "Tertiary, English language or other non-compulsory study living costs: NZD $20,000 per year if studying 1 year or more, or NZD $1,667 per month if shorter. School years 1–13 use NZD $17,000 per year or NZD $1,417 per month. Plus tuition and outward travel funds.", "zh-Hans": "高等教育、英语或其他非义务教育生活费：学习满一年及以上每年 20,000 新西兰元，不足一年每月 1,667 新西兰元。小学至中学 1–13 年级为每年 17,000 或每月 1,417。另需学费与离境交通资金。" } } ], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Fee Paying Student Visa application fee (from)", "zh-Hans": "自费学生签证申请费（起价）" }, "amount": 850, "currency": "NZD", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable" }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "INZ states cost from NZD $850, processing 80% within 9.5 weeks, and strongly encourages applying 3 months before travel. Maximum stay up to 4 years; visa length usually matches paid study or passport validity if sooner.", "zh-Hans": "移民局说明费用起价 850 新西兰元，80% 在 9.5 周内处理，强烈建议出行前 3 个月申请。最长停留 4 年；签证时长通常与已付学费学习期或护照有效期（以较短者为准）一致。" }, "processing_time_months_min": 2, "processing_time_months_max": 3, "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": 48 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": "limited", "local_employment_allowed": "limited", "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": false }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "limited", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "limited", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": false, "note_md": { "en": "You cannot include a partner or dependent children in the student visa application; they may apply for visas based on their relationship to you.", "zh-Hans": "不能将伴侣或受抚养子女纳入学生签证申请；他们可基于与你的关系另行申请签证。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "A student visa is temporary. Later work or residence routes such as AEWV or Skilled Migrant Category may apply under their own rules after study.", "zh-Hans": "学生签证是临时的。学业后可能在各自规则下适用 AEWV 或技术移民等后续工作/居留途径。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "Student visa sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "学生签证来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 4, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student", "new-zealand-inz-student-funds" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/fee-paying-student-visa/", "section": "Fee Paying Student Visa overview", "snapshot_id": "ed7d14590cb62662954caea0483ab5e5fec624052d9f513d74ba38c969d61a25", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/fee-paying-student-visa/", "section": "Fee Paying Student Visa overview", "snapshot_id": "ed7d14590cb62662954caea0483ab5e5fec624052d9f513d74ba38c969d61a25", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/fee-paying-student-visa/", "section": "Fee Paying Student Visa overview", "snapshot_id": "ed7d14590cb62662954caea0483ab5e5fec624052d9f513d74ba38c969d61a25", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/fee-paying-student-visa/", "section": "Fee Paying Student Visa overview", "snapshot_id": "ed7d14590cb62662954caea0483ab5e5fec624052d9f513d74ba38c969d61a25", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/fee-paying-student-visa/", "section": "Fee Paying Student Visa overview", "snapshot_id": "ed7d14590cb62662954caea0483ab5e5fec624052d9f513d74ba38c969d61a25", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/fee-paying-student-visa/", "section": "Fee Paying Student Visa overview", "snapshot_id": "ed7d14590cb62662954caea0483ab5e5fec624052d9f513d74ba38c969d61a25", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/fee-paying-student-visa/", "section": "Cost from NZD $850", "snapshot_id": "ed7d14590cb62662954caea0483ab5e5fec624052d9f513d74ba38c969d61a25", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" }, { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-student-funds", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/process-to-apply/applying-for-a-visa/providing-evidence-and-documents-to-support-your-visa-application/student-fund-requirements/", "section": "NZD $20,000 living costs per year tertiary", "snapshot_id": "5040e6e7e8466a0f3fc6e3261f21f1390550249519d227e7ff062e7246cf4a60", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/fee-paying-student-visa/", "section": "Fee Paying Student Visa overview", "snapshot_id": "ed7d14590cb62662954caea0483ab5e5fec624052d9f513d74ba38c969d61a25", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/fee-paying-student-visa/", "section": "Up to 4 years; 80% within 9.5 weeks", "snapshot_id": "ed7d14590cb62662954caea0483ab5e5fec624052d9f513d74ba38c969d61a25", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/fee-paying-student-visa/", "section": "work part-time up to 25 hours a week while studying", "snapshot_id": "ed7d14590cb62662954caea0483ab5e5fec624052d9f513d74ba38c969d61a25", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/fee-paying-student-visa/", "section": "Fee Paying Student Visa overview", "snapshot_id": "ed7d14590cb62662954caea0483ab5e5fec624052d9f513d74ba38c969d61a25", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/fee-paying-student-visa/", "section": "Fee Paying Student Visa overview", "snapshot_id": "ed7d14590cb62662954caea0483ab5e5fec624052d9f513d74ba38c969d61a25", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/fee-paying-student-visa/", "section": "Fee Paying Student Visa overview", "snapshot_id": "ed7d14590cb62662954caea0483ab5e5fec624052d9f513d74ba38c969d61a25", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/fee-paying-student-visa/", "section": "Fee Paying Student Visa overview", "snapshot_id": "ed7d14590cb62662954caea0483ab5e5fec624052d9f513d74ba38c969d61a25", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "new-zealand-skilled-migrant-category", "country_id": "new-zealand", "country_names": { "en": "New Zealand", "zh-Hans": "新西兰" }, "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Skilled Migrant Category Resident Visa", "zh-Hans": "技术移民类别居民签证" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "points_invitation", "summary_md": { "en": "A New Zealand resident visa for applicants aged 55 or younger with an accredited-employer skilled job or offer, six skilled-resident points, English, and the other residence requirements.", "zh-Hans": "新西兰居民签证，适用于 55 岁或以下的申请人，拥有经认可的雇主技术工作或工作邀请、六个技术居民积分、英语和其他居住要求。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Resident visa application fee from", "zh-Hans": "居民签证申请费从" }, "amount": 6450, "currency": "NZD", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": true, "accepted_sources": [ "employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination", "proof_history_months": "unknown", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The job or offer must meet the skilled-job rules, including hours, duration, occupation level, and applicable wage conditions. The retained page does not reduce this to one universal income amount.", "zh-Hans": "工作或工作机会必须符合技术工作规则，包括工作时间、持续时间、职业级别和适用的工资条件。保留的页面不会将其减少为一个普遍收入金额。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "The visa lets the holder stay indefinitely. The application requires an expression of interest and invitation to apply.", "zh-Hans": "该签证允许持有人无限期居留。该申请需要表达兴趣并邀请申请。" }, "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": false, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": true, "children_allowed": true, "max_child_age": 24, "spouse_work_allowed": true, "dependent_parents_allowed": false, "note_md": { "en": "The SMC page allows inclusion of a partner and dependent children aged 24 or younger in the application.", "zh-Hans": "SMC 页面允许在申请中包含伴侣和 24 岁或以下的受抚养子女。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": true, "min_residence_years": 2, "summary_md": { "en": "After holding the resident visa for two years in a row, the holder can apply for a Permanent Resident Visa that permits indefinite travel in and out of New Zealand.", "zh-Hans": "连续持有居民签证两年后，持有人可以申请永久居民签证，允许无限期进出新西兰。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The page links citizenship guidance but does not establish an individual citizenship outcome.", "zh-Hans": "该页面链接了公民身份指南，但并未建立个人公民身份结果。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 4, "cost_score": 5, "speed_score": 2, "permanence_score": 5, "family_friendliness_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "residence", "pathway_mechanism": "points_invitation", "pathway_type": "residence", "requires_job_offer": true, "requires_local_entity": true }, "source_ids": [ "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa", "section": "SMC resident eligibility, points, duration, family, and permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "2c172883728961a55311ebca7b4ca6fff88c8b47fb98d66100bca6ec2ac83269", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa", "section": "SMC resident eligibility, points, duration, family, and permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "2c172883728961a55311ebca7b4ca6fff88c8b47fb98d66100bca6ec2ac83269", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa", "section": "SMC resident eligibility, points, duration, family, and permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "2c172883728961a55311ebca7b4ca6fff88c8b47fb98d66100bca6ec2ac83269", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa", "section": "SMC resident eligibility, points, duration, family, and permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "2c172883728961a55311ebca7b4ca6fff88c8b47fb98d66100bca6ec2ac83269", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa", "section": "SMC resident eligibility, points, duration, family, and permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "2c172883728961a55311ebca7b4ca6fff88c8b47fb98d66100bca6ec2ac83269", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa", "section": "SMC resident eligibility, points, duration, family, and permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "2c172883728961a55311ebca7b4ca6fff88c8b47fb98d66100bca6ec2ac83269", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa", "section": "SMC resident eligibility, points, duration, family, and permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "2c172883728961a55311ebca7b4ca6fff88c8b47fb98d66100bca6ec2ac83269", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa", "section": "SMC resident eligibility, points, duration, family, and permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "2c172883728961a55311ebca7b4ca6fff88c8b47fb98d66100bca6ec2ac83269", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa", "section": "SMC resident eligibility, points, duration, family, and permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "2c172883728961a55311ebca7b4ca6fff88c8b47fb98d66100bca6ec2ac83269", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa", "section": "SMC resident eligibility, points, duration, family, and permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "2c172883728961a55311ebca7b4ca6fff88c8b47fb98d66100bca6ec2ac83269", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa", "section": "SMC resident eligibility, points, duration, family, and permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "2c172883728961a55311ebca7b4ca6fff88c8b47fb98d66100bca6ec2ac83269", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa", "section": "SMC resident eligibility, points, duration, family, and permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "2c172883728961a55311ebca7b4ca6fff88c8b47fb98d66100bca6ec2ac83269", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa", "section": "SMC resident eligibility, points, duration, family, and permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "2c172883728961a55311ebca7b4ca6fff88c8b47fb98d66100bca6ec2ac83269", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident", "url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa", "section": "SMC resident eligibility, points, duration, family, and permanent residence", "snapshot_id": "2c172883728961a55311ebca7b4ca6fff88c8b47fb98d66100bca6ec2ac83269", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T06:31:40.938Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "portugal-d8-digital-nomad", "country_id": "portugal", "country_names": { "en": "Portugal", "zh-Hans": "葡萄牙" }, "category_ids": [ "digital_nomad" ], "official_names": { "en": "Temporary stay visa and residence permit for digital nomads", "zh-Hans": "数字游牧民的临时居留签证和居留许可" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "remote_income", "summary_md": { "en": "Portugal's official government portal describes a temporary-stay visa and residence-permit route for digital nomads, with separate documentary conditions for employees and independent workers.", "zh-Hans": "葡萄牙官方政府门户网站描述了数字游牧民的临时居留签证和居留许可途径，并为雇员和独立工人提供了单独的文件条件。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": true, "min_income": [ { "amount": "variable", "currency": "EUR", "period": "monthly", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "The official article states an average monthly income over the last three months of at least four Portuguese minimum wages; the current monetary amount is not fixed in this record.", "zh-Hans": "官方文章指出，过去三个月的平均月收入至少达到葡萄牙最低工资的四倍；当前的货币金额在此记录中并未固定。" } } ], "accepted_sources": [ "remote_employment", "self_employment", "freelance" ], "income_location": "unknown", "proof_history_months": 3, "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The government article requires average monthly income over the last three months and different employment or independent-activity documents.", "zh-Hans": "政府文章要求过去三个月的平均月收入以及不同的就业或独立活动文件。" } }, "timeline": { "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": "unknown", "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": true, "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained government article does not establish a permanent-residence outcome for this route.", "zh-Hans": "保留的政府条款并未确定这条途径的永久居留结果。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained government article does not establish a citizenship outcome for this route.", "zh-Hans": "保留的政府文章并未确定这条途径的公民身份结果。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "permanence_score": 3, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "policy_stability_score": 2 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "remote_income", "pathway_type": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": "unknown", "requires_local_entity": "unknown" }, "source_ids": [ "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence", "url": "https://www2.gov.pt/en/noticias/lei-dos-estrangeiros-pedidos-de-vistos-e-autorizacao-de-residencia-vao-ser-mais-simples", "section": "Temporary stay visa and residence permit for digital nomads", "snapshot_id": "dd5340ef12f02459b2b5c686f6b1ce4888c0b8c1f55de8655f85e46edda3f5ad", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence", "url": "https://www2.gov.pt/en/noticias/lei-dos-estrangeiros-pedidos-de-vistos-e-autorizacao-de-residencia-vao-ser-mais-simples", "section": "Temporary stay visa and residence permit for digital nomads", "snapshot_id": "dd5340ef12f02459b2b5c686f6b1ce4888c0b8c1f55de8655f85e46edda3f5ad", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence", "url": "https://www2.gov.pt/en/noticias/lei-dos-estrangeiros-pedidos-de-vistos-e-autorizacao-de-residencia-vao-ser-mais-simples", "section": "If you work as an employee / In the case of independent activity", "snapshot_id": "dd5340ef12f02459b2b5c686f6b1ce4888c0b8c1f55de8655f85e46edda3f5ad", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence", "url": "https://www2.gov.pt/en/noticias/lei-dos-estrangeiros-pedidos-de-vistos-e-autorizacao-de-residencia-vao-ser-mais-simples", "section": "Temporary stay visa and residence permit for digital nomads", "snapshot_id": "dd5340ef12f02459b2b5c686f6b1ce4888c0b8c1f55de8655f85e46edda3f5ad", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence", "url": "https://www2.gov.pt/en/noticias/lei-dos-estrangeiros-pedidos-de-vistos-e-autorizacao-de-residencia-vao-ser-mais-simples", "section": "Temporary stay visa and residence permit for digital nomads", "snapshot_id": "dd5340ef12f02459b2b5c686f6b1ce4888c0b8c1f55de8655f85e46edda3f5ad", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence", "url": "https://www2.gov.pt/en/noticias/lei-dos-estrangeiros-pedidos-de-vistos-e-autorizacao-de-residencia-vao-ser-mais-simples", "section": "If you work as an employee / In the case of independent activity", "snapshot_id": "dd5340ef12f02459b2b5c686f6b1ce4888c0b8c1f55de8655f85e46edda3f5ad", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence", "url": "https://www2.gov.pt/en/noticias/lei-dos-estrangeiros-pedidos-de-vistos-e-autorizacao-de-residencia-vao-ser-mais-simples", "section": "Temporary stay visa and residence permit for digital nomads", "snapshot_id": "dd5340ef12f02459b2b5c686f6b1ce4888c0b8c1f55de8655f85e46edda3f5ad", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence", "url": "https://www2.gov.pt/en/noticias/lei-dos-estrangeiros-pedidos-de-vistos-e-autorizacao-de-residencia-vao-ser-mais-simples", "section": "If you work as an employee / In the case of independent activity", "snapshot_id": "dd5340ef12f02459b2b5c686f6b1ce4888c0b8c1f55de8655f85e46edda3f5ad", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence", "url": "https://www2.gov.pt/en/noticias/lei-dos-estrangeiros-pedidos-de-vistos-e-autorizacao-de-residencia-vao-ser-mais-simples", "section": "Temporary stay visa and residence permit for digital nomads", "snapshot_id": "dd5340ef12f02459b2b5c686f6b1ce4888c0b8c1f55de8655f85e46edda3f5ad", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence", "url": "https://www2.gov.pt/en/noticias/lei-dos-estrangeiros-pedidos-de-vistos-e-autorizacao-de-residencia-vao-ser-mais-simples", "section": "Temporary stay visa and residence permit for digital nomads", "snapshot_id": "dd5340ef12f02459b2b5c686f6b1ce4888c0b8c1f55de8655f85e46edda3f5ad", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence", "url": "https://www2.gov.pt/en/noticias/lei-dos-estrangeiros-pedidos-de-vistos-e-autorizacao-de-residencia-vao-ser-mais-simples", "section": "Temporary stay visa to accompany a temporary stay visa applicant", "snapshot_id": "dd5340ef12f02459b2b5c686f6b1ce4888c0b8c1f55de8655f85e46edda3f5ad", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence", "url": "https://www2.gov.pt/en/noticias/lei-dos-estrangeiros-pedidos-de-vistos-e-autorizacao-de-residencia-vao-ser-mais-simples", "section": "Temporary stay visa and residence permit for digital nomads", "snapshot_id": "dd5340ef12f02459b2b5c686f6b1ce4888c0b8c1f55de8655f85e46edda3f5ad", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence", "url": "https://www2.gov.pt/en/noticias/lei-dos-estrangeiros-pedidos-de-vistos-e-autorizacao-de-residencia-vao-ser-mais-simples", "section": "Temporary stay visa and residence permit for digital nomads", "snapshot_id": "dd5340ef12f02459b2b5c686f6b1ce4888c0b8c1f55de8655f85e46edda3f5ad", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence", "url": "https://www2.gov.pt/en/noticias/lei-dos-estrangeiros-pedidos-de-vistos-e-autorizacao-de-residencia-vao-ser-mais-simples", "section": "Temporary stay visa and residence permit for digital nomads", "snapshot_id": "dd5340ef12f02459b2b5c686f6b1ce4888c0b8c1f55de8655f85e46edda3f5ad", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:33.252Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "portugal-employed-worker-residence", "country_id": "portugal", "country_names": { "en": "Portugal", "zh-Hans": "葡萄牙" }, "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Residence for employed (subordinate) work", "zh-Hans": "受雇工作居留（从属职业活动）" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "summary_md": { "en": "A Portuguese long-stay path for non-EU workers with a work contract or promise of contract for subordinate employment. Applicants typically obtain a residence visa abroad (about four months to enter and apply for a residence permit), then a temporary residence permit that is generally renewable. After five years of legal temporary residence, permanent or EC long-term residence may be available when language, means, and other conditions are met.", "zh-Hans": "面向持有从属雇佣合同或合同承诺的非欧盟劳动者的葡萄牙长期路径。申请人通常在境外取得居留签证（约四个月入境并申请居留许可），再获得一般可续期的临时居留许可。合法临时居留满五年后，在语言、经济能力等条件满足时可申请永久或欧盟长期居留。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [ { "amount": "unknown", "currency": "EUR", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "Sufficient means of subsistence are required for the visa and permit, referenced to Portuguese rules such as Order 1563/2007 on the EU portal. Exact current amounts are not fixed in this record.", "zh-Hans": "签证与许可要求足够生活费，欧盟门户引用如第 1563/2007 号法令等葡萄牙规则。当前具体金额未在本记录固定。" } } ], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": true, "accepted_sources": [ "employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The route is built around a subordinate employment contract or promise of contract in Portugal. If you lose your job, the EU portal says you need sufficient means of subsistence to renew the residence permit.", "zh-Hans": "该途径围绕葡萄牙从属雇佣合同或合同承诺。若失业，欧盟门户说明续期居留许可时须具备足够生活费。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "The residence visa allows stay for four months to apply for a residence permit after entry. As a general rule, a temporary residence permit is valid for one year and renewable for successive periods of two years (subject to later temporary measures).", "zh-Hans": "居留签证允许入境后停留四个月以申请居留许可。一般规则下，临时居留许可有效期一年，可连续续期两年（受后续临时措施影响）。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "initial_validity_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "limited" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "After at least five years of legal temporary residence, the EU portal describes a national permanent residence permit (basic Portuguese, means, accommodation) and an EC long-term residence status with additional resource and language conditions.", "zh-Hans": "合法临时居留至少五年后，欧盟门户描述国家永久居留许可（基本葡语、经济能力、住所）以及另有资源与语言条件的欧盟长期居留身份。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The employed-worker portal page focuses on residence and long-term residence, not naturalisation eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "受雇工作者门户页面侧重居留与长期居留，而非入籍资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 4, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "requires_job_offer": true, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "portugal-eu-employed-worker" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-employed-worker", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-portugal_en", "section": "Employed worker in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "d3bf824dc0a04cbfe3eb0b798b8f0dba957015b2a5a3d59a7603fe45dec44431", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-employed-worker", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-portugal_en", "section": "Employed worker in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "d3bf824dc0a04cbfe3eb0b798b8f0dba957015b2a5a3d59a7603fe45dec44431", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-employed-worker", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-portugal_en", "section": "Employed worker in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "d3bf824dc0a04cbfe3eb0b798b8f0dba957015b2a5a3d59a7603fe45dec44431", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-employed-worker", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-portugal_en", "section": "Employed worker in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "d3bf824dc0a04cbfe3eb0b798b8f0dba957015b2a5a3d59a7603fe45dec44431", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-employed-worker", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-portugal_en", "section": "Employed worker in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "d3bf824dc0a04cbfe3eb0b798b8f0dba957015b2a5a3d59a7603fe45dec44431", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-employed-worker", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-portugal_en", "section": "Work contract or promise of contract; IEFP labour market context", "snapshot_id": "d3bf824dc0a04cbfe3eb0b798b8f0dba957015b2a5a3d59a7603fe45dec44431", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-employed-worker", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-portugal_en", "section": "Employed worker in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "d3bf824dc0a04cbfe3eb0b798b8f0dba957015b2a5a3d59a7603fe45dec44431", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-employed-worker", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-portugal_en", "section": "Employed worker in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "d3bf824dc0a04cbfe3eb0b798b8f0dba957015b2a5a3d59a7603fe45dec44431", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-employed-worker", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-portugal_en", "section": "Residence visa four months; temporary permit one year renewable", "snapshot_id": "d3bf824dc0a04cbfe3eb0b798b8f0dba957015b2a5a3d59a7603fe45dec44431", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-employed-worker", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-portugal_en", "section": "Employed worker in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "d3bf824dc0a04cbfe3eb0b798b8f0dba957015b2a5a3d59a7603fe45dec44431", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-employed-worker", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-portugal_en", "section": "Employed worker in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "d3bf824dc0a04cbfe3eb0b798b8f0dba957015b2a5a3d59a7603fe45dec44431", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-employed-worker", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-portugal_en", "section": "Permanent residence permit and long-term residence", "snapshot_id": "d3bf824dc0a04cbfe3eb0b798b8f0dba957015b2a5a3d59a7603fe45dec44431", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-employed-worker", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-portugal_en", "section": "Employed worker in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "d3bf824dc0a04cbfe3eb0b798b8f0dba957015b2a5a3d59a7603fe45dec44431", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-employed-worker", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-portugal_en", "section": "Employed worker in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "d3bf824dc0a04cbfe3eb0b798b8f0dba957015b2a5a3d59a7603fe45dec44431", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "portugal-student-residence", "country_id": "portugal", "country_names": { "en": "Portugal", "zh-Hans": "葡萄牙" }, "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Residence for study (higher and secondary education)", "zh-Hans": "学习居留（高等教育与中等教育）" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "summary_md": { "en": "A Portuguese study residence route for non-EU students admitted to higher or secondary education. Applicants usually obtain a residence visa (about four months to enter and apply for a residence permit), then a temporary residence permit that is typically valid for one year and renewable. Higher-education study time counts by half toward long-term residence. After studies, work is possible with a separate temporary residence permit.", "zh-Hans": "面向获高等或中等教育录取的非欧盟学生的葡萄牙学习居留途径。申请人通常取得居留签证（约四个月入境并申请居留许可），再获得一般一年有效、可续期的临时居留许可。高等教育学习时间按一半计入长期居留。学业结束后可凭单独的临时居留许可工作。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [ { "amount": "unknown", "currency": "EUR", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "The EU portal requires sufficient means of subsistence, travel insurance, and generally a return ticket for the visa stage. For the higher-education residence permit, confirmation of enrolment, fee payment, means, and health coverage are listed; some admitted higher-education students may be exempt from certain means or fee-payment evidence under Portuguese ordinance rules cited on the portal.", "zh-Hans": "欧盟门户在签证阶段要求足够生活费、旅行保险，并通常要求回程票。高等教育居留许可阶段列出注册确认、缴费、生活费与健康保险；按门户引用的葡萄牙法令，部分已录取高等教育学生可豁免部分生活费或缴费证明。" } } ], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The study route uses means of subsistence and school admission rather than an employment income threshold.", "zh-Hans": "学习途径使用生活费与学校录取要求，而不是就业收入门槛。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "A residence visa allows about four months in Portugal to apply for a residence permit. Higher-education temporary permits are generally valid for one year, renewable for further one-year periods or for the remaining study period if shorter. Secondary-education permits may not exceed one year, renewable for a further year if conditions remain met.", "zh-Hans": "居留签证允许在葡萄牙停留约四个月以申请居留许可。高等教育临时许可一般一年有效，可按一年续期或按剩余学习期（若更短）。中等教育许可最长一年，条件仍满足时可再续一年。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "initial_validity_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": "limited", "local_employment_allowed": "limited", "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": "limited" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": true, "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": false, "note_md": { "en": "The EU portal says residence-permit holders for study or student exchange (and some trainee or volunteer statuses) are entitled to family reunification with a spouse and minor or dependent children under stated rules.", "zh-Hans": "欧盟门户说明学习或学生交换（及部分实习或志愿服务身份）居留许可持有人，在规定规则下有权与配偶及未成年或受抚养子女团聚。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "Study residence is temporary. The EU portal states that the stay is taken into account by half when calculating residence for long-term or permanent residence. After studies, work requires obtaining the necessary temporary residence permit.", "zh-Hans": "学习居留是临时的。欧盟门户说明在计算长期或永久居留时，该停留时间按一半计入。学业结束后工作需另行取得必要的临时居留许可。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The student portal profile does not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "学生门户专题没有确认公民资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 3, "family_friendliness_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 4, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "portugal-eu-student", "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-student", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-portugal_en", "section": "Student in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "acef8dc05e129fb512522b520e1e5c794d941509932c1e062a627be120099091", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-student", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-portugal_en", "section": "Student in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "acef8dc05e129fb512522b520e1e5c794d941509932c1e062a627be120099091", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-student", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-portugal_en", "section": "Student in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "acef8dc05e129fb512522b520e1e5c794d941509932c1e062a627be120099091", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-student", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-portugal_en", "section": "Student in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "acef8dc05e129fb512522b520e1e5c794d941509932c1e062a627be120099091", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-student", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-portugal_en", "section": "Student in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "acef8dc05e129fb512522b520e1e5c794d941509932c1e062a627be120099091", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-student", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-portugal_en", "section": "Student in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "acef8dc05e129fb512522b520e1e5c794d941509932c1e062a627be120099091", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-student", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-portugal_en", "section": "Student in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "acef8dc05e129fb512522b520e1e5c794d941509932c1e062a627be120099091", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-student", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-portugal_en", "section": "Student in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "acef8dc05e129fb512522b520e1e5c794d941509932c1e062a627be120099091", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-student", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-portugal_en", "section": "Residence visa four months; permit one year renewable", "snapshot_id": "acef8dc05e129fb512522b520e1e5c794d941509932c1e062a627be120099091", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-student", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-portugal_en", "section": "Employment during and after studies", "snapshot_id": "acef8dc05e129fb512522b520e1e5c794d941509932c1e062a627be120099091", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" }, { "source_id": "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence", "url": "https://www2.gov.pt/en/noticias/lei-dos-estrangeiros-pedidos-de-vistos-e-autorizacao-de-residencia-vao-ser-mais-simples", "section": "Holders of residence permit for research, study, internship or volunteer work", "snapshot_id": "dd5340ef12f02459b2b5c686f6b1ce4888c0b8c1f55de8655f85e46edda3f5ad", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-student", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-portugal_en", "section": "Family reunification for study residence", "snapshot_id": "acef8dc05e129fb512522b520e1e5c794d941509932c1e062a627be120099091", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-student", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-portugal_en", "section": "Long-term residence half credit for study stay", "snapshot_id": "acef8dc05e129fb512522b520e1e5c794d941509932c1e062a627be120099091", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-student", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-portugal_en", "section": "Student in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "acef8dc05e129fb512522b520e1e5c794d941509932c1e062a627be120099091", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "portugal-eu-student", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-portugal_en", "section": "Student in Portugal", "snapshot_id": "acef8dc05e129fb512522b520e1e5c794d941509932c1e062a627be120099091", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "singapore-employment-pass", "country_id": "singapore", "country_names": { "en": "Singapore", "zh-Hans": "新加坡" }, "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Employment Pass", "zh-Hans": "就业准证" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "summary_md": { "en": "An employer-sponsored Singapore work pass for foreign professionals, managers, and executives with a job offer in Singapore who meet the qualifying-salary and, unless exempted, COMPASS requirements.", "zh-Hans": "雇主担保的新加坡工作准证，适用于在新加坡获得工作机会且符合合格工资以及 COMPASS 要求（除非豁免）的外国专业人士、经理和高管。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": true, "min_income": [ { "amount": 5600, "currency": "SGD", "period": "monthly", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "Current minimum for all sectors except financial services; the threshold increases progressively with age and financial services has a higher threshold.", "zh-Hans": "目前除金融服务业外所有行业的最低标准；随着年龄的增长，门槛逐渐提高，金融服务的门槛也更高。" } } ], "accepted_sources": [ "employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination", "proof_history_months": "unknown", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The qualifying salary is a fixed monthly salary benchmarked to local PMET salaries by age and sector.", "zh-Hans": "合格工资是按年龄和行业以当地 PMET 工资为基准的固定月薪。" } }, "timeline": { "initial_validity_months": 24, "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "MOM's key-facts page notes eligible family passes but does not establish the family conditions in this source set.", "zh-Hans": "MOM 的关键事实页面记录了符合条件的家属准证，但并未在此源集中确定家庭条件。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained Employment Pass pages link to a permanent-residence question but do not establish a PR eligibility rule.", "zh-Hans": "保留的就业准证页面链接到永久居留问题，但没有建立永久居民资格规则。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained Employment Pass pages do not establish a citizenship pathway.", "zh-Hans": "保留的就业准证页面并不建立公民身份途径。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 4, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 3, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "requires_job_offer": true, "requires_local_entity": "unknown" }, "source_ids": [ "singapore-mom-employment-pass-key-facts", "singapore-mom-employment-pass-eligibility" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-employment-pass-key-facts", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/key-facts", "section": "Pass facts", "snapshot_id": "ff975b8b76ff8d661bb21e6ff2b26bc182d49d6eaaf066e07da39e2b08adf0fe", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.952Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-employment-pass-key-facts", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/key-facts", "section": "Pass facts", "snapshot_id": "ff975b8b76ff8d661bb21e6ff2b26bc182d49d6eaaf066e07da39e2b08adf0fe", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.952Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-employment-pass-key-facts", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/key-facts", "section": "Pass facts", "snapshot_id": "ff975b8b76ff8d661bb21e6ff2b26bc182d49d6eaaf066e07da39e2b08adf0fe", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.952Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-employment-pass-key-facts", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/key-facts", "section": "Pass facts", "snapshot_id": "ff975b8b76ff8d661bb21e6ff2b26bc182d49d6eaaf066e07da39e2b08adf0fe", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.952Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-employment-pass-key-facts", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/key-facts", "section": "Pass facts", "snapshot_id": "ff975b8b76ff8d661bb21e6ff2b26bc182d49d6eaaf066e07da39e2b08adf0fe", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.952Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-employment-pass-eligibility", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/eligibility", "section": "EP qualifying salary and COMPASS", "snapshot_id": "7ad08e55ddb1bd20bcbfbb0f5bb0d2a85f776264d2c42ea28f83728b521ab894", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.786Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-employment-pass-key-facts", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/key-facts", "section": "Pass facts", "snapshot_id": "ff975b8b76ff8d661bb21e6ff2b26bc182d49d6eaaf066e07da39e2b08adf0fe", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.952Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-employment-pass-eligibility", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/eligibility", "section": "EP qualifying salary and COMPASS", "snapshot_id": "7ad08e55ddb1bd20bcbfbb0f5bb0d2a85f776264d2c42ea28f83728b521ab894", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.786Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-employment-pass-key-facts", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/key-facts", "section": "Pass facts", "snapshot_id": "ff975b8b76ff8d661bb21e6ff2b26bc182d49d6eaaf066e07da39e2b08adf0fe", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.952Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-employment-pass-key-facts", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/key-facts", "section": "Pass facts", "snapshot_id": "ff975b8b76ff8d661bb21e6ff2b26bc182d49d6eaaf066e07da39e2b08adf0fe", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.952Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-employment-pass-key-facts", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/key-facts", "section": "Pass facts", "snapshot_id": "ff975b8b76ff8d661bb21e6ff2b26bc182d49d6eaaf066e07da39e2b08adf0fe", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.952Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-employment-pass-key-facts", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/key-facts", "section": "Pass facts", "snapshot_id": "ff975b8b76ff8d661bb21e6ff2b26bc182d49d6eaaf066e07da39e2b08adf0fe", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.952Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-employment-pass-key-facts", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/key-facts", "section": "Pass facts", "snapshot_id": "ff975b8b76ff8d661bb21e6ff2b26bc182d49d6eaaf066e07da39e2b08adf0fe", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.952Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-employment-pass-eligibility", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/eligibility", "section": "EP qualifying salary and COMPASS", "snapshot_id": "7ad08e55ddb1bd20bcbfbb0f5bb0d2a85f776264d2c42ea28f83728b521ab894", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.786Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.952Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.952Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T05:37:33.952Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "singapore-entrepass", "country_id": "singapore", "country_names": { "en": "Singapore", "zh-Hans": "新加坡" }, "category_ids": [ "startup_entrepreneur" ], "official_names": { "en": "EntrePass", "zh-Hans": "创业通行证" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "own_company", "summary_md": { "en": "A Singapore own-company work pass for foreign entrepreneurs who start or operate an ACRA-registered private limited company, hold at least 30% of it, and meet at least one qualifying funding, accelerator, technology, IP, or research criterion.", "zh-Hans": "新加坡自有公司工作准证，适用于创办或经营 ACRA 注册私人有限公司、持有至少 30% 股份，并满足至少一项合格资金、加速器、技术、知识产权或研究标准的外国企业家。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": false, "accepted_sources": [ "business_income", "self_employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination", "proof_history_months": "unknown", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "EntrePass eligibility is based on the company and qualifying founder/investor/innovation criteria rather than a universal personal income threshold.", "zh-Hans": "创业准证资格基于公司和合格的创始人/投资者/创新标准，而不是普遍的个人收入门槛。" } }, "business_setup": { "required": true, "entity_types": [ "Private limited company" ], "min_share_capital": [ { "amount": "unknown", "currency": "SGD", "applies_to": "business", "calculation": "minimum_total" } ], "local_director_required": true, "note_md": { "en": "ACRA states foreigners must use a Corporate Service Provider, meet local residency requirements, and have at least one local resident. Entrepreneurs with venture-backed or innovative-tech companies can apply for EntrePass before incorporation or within six months of setup.", "zh-Hans": "ACRA 规定外国人必须使用企业服务提供商、满足当地居住要求，并且至少拥有一名当地居民。拥有风投支持或创新科技公司的企业家可以在公司成立前或成立后六个月内申请创业准证。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "The retained overview page links to application and renewal procedures but does not state one processing-time value.", "zh-Hans": "保留的概述页面链接到申请和续订程序，但没有说明一个处理时间值。" }, "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": true }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": true, "children_allowed": true, "max_child_age": 21, "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": true, "note_md": { "en": "Family passes require business-spending and local-workforce thresholds. MOM lists Dependant's Pass for a legally married spouse and unmarried children under 21, and Long-Term Visit Pass routes for common-law spouses, certain children, and parents.", "zh-Hans": "家属准证需要商业支出和当地劳动力门槛。 MOM 列出了针对合法结婚配偶和 21 岁以下未婚子女的家属准证，以及针对同居配偶、某些子女和父母的长期访问准证途径。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained EntrePass, family, and ACRA pages do not establish a permanent-residence pathway.", "zh-Hans": "保留的创业准证、家庭和 ACRA 页面并未建立永久居留途径。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained EntrePass, family, and ACRA pages do not establish a citizenship pathway.", "zh-Hans": "保留的创业准证、家庭和 ACRA 页面并未建立公民身份途径。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 4, "cost_score": 4, "speed_score": 2, "permanence_score": 3, "family_friendliness_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "own_company", "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": true }, "source_ids": [ "singapore-mom-entrepass-overview", "singapore-mom-entrepass-eligibility", "singapore-mom-entrepass-family", "singapore-acra-business-requirements" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-entrepass-eligibility", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/entrepass/eligibility", "section": "Who is eligible and requirements", "snapshot_id": "e01dd56c25ce613f44749ad8178502089dc1eacf74a3877be450cc24f16dcf8d", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.645Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-entrepass-overview", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/entrepass", "section": "EntrePass overview", "snapshot_id": "c5f2dd7c2c743f91a854b86171f1049a6f7a3a7561f6a4781ff54f6f98f90ece", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.855Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-entrepass-eligibility", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/entrepass/eligibility", "section": "Who is eligible and requirements", "snapshot_id": "e01dd56c25ce613f44749ad8178502089dc1eacf74a3877be450cc24f16dcf8d", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.645Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-entrepass-eligibility", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/entrepass/eligibility", "section": "Who is eligible and requirements", "snapshot_id": "e01dd56c25ce613f44749ad8178502089dc1eacf74a3877be450cc24f16dcf8d", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.645Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-entrepass-eligibility", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/entrepass/eligibility", "section": "Who is eligible and requirements", "snapshot_id": "e01dd56c25ce613f44749ad8178502089dc1eacf74a3877be450cc24f16dcf8d", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.645Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-entrepass-eligibility", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/entrepass/eligibility", "section": "Who is eligible and requirements", "snapshot_id": "e01dd56c25ce613f44749ad8178502089dc1eacf74a3877be450cc24f16dcf8d", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.645Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-entrepass-eligibility", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/entrepass/eligibility", "section": "Who is eligible and requirements", "snapshot_id": "e01dd56c25ce613f44749ad8178502089dc1eacf74a3877be450cc24f16dcf8d", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.645Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-entrepass-eligibility", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/entrepass/eligibility", "section": "Who is eligible and requirements", "snapshot_id": "e01dd56c25ce613f44749ad8178502089dc1eacf74a3877be450cc24f16dcf8d", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.645Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-entrepass-overview", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/entrepass", "section": "EntrePass overview", "snapshot_id": "c5f2dd7c2c743f91a854b86171f1049a6f7a3a7561f6a4781ff54f6f98f90ece", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.855Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-entrepass-overview", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/entrepass", "section": "EntrePass overview", "snapshot_id": "c5f2dd7c2c743f91a854b86171f1049a6f7a3a7561f6a4781ff54f6f98f90ece", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.855Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-entrepass-family", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/entrepass/passes-for-family", "section": "Passes for families", "snapshot_id": "2d062cd8c0598744eb6fa532fbe96fd2c461cea72085cdadad8e2fc5974121ce", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.757Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-entrepass-eligibility", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/entrepass/eligibility", "section": "Who is eligible and requirements", "snapshot_id": "e01dd56c25ce613f44749ad8178502089dc1eacf74a3877be450cc24f16dcf8d", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.645Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-entrepass-eligibility", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/entrepass/eligibility", "section": "Who is eligible and requirements", "snapshot_id": "e01dd56c25ce613f44749ad8178502089dc1eacf74a3877be450cc24f16dcf8d", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.645Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "singapore-mom-entrepass-eligibility", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/entrepass/eligibility", "section": "Who is eligible and requirements", "snapshot_id": "e01dd56c25ce613f44749ad8178502089dc1eacf74a3877be450cc24f16dcf8d", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.645Z" } ], "/business_setup": [ { "source_id": "singapore-acra-business-requirements", "url": "https://www.acra.gov.sg/register/business/requirements-eligibility", "section": "Rules for foreigners and work pass options", "snapshot_id": "dba92bfc0a578fb2642c15550a869c32a9105f071a1ace6ca9294fa54e88863f", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:33.914Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.855Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.855Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:34.855Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "singapore-student-pass", "country_id": "singapore", "country_names": { "en": "Singapore", "zh-Hans": "新加坡" }, "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Student's Pass", "zh-Hans": "学生准证（Student’s Pass）" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "summary_md": { "en": "Singapore's main study immigration pass for foreigners accepted into an approved full-time course. Part-time, evening, or weekend courses are not eligible. Holders of some other long-term passes may study without a Student's Pass for non-religious full-time courses while that pass remains valid.", "zh-Hans": "面向获批准全日制课程录取外国人的新加坡主要学习准证。兼职、晚间或周末课程不符合资格。部分其他长期准证持有人在准证有效期内可无需学生准证就读非宗教全日制课程。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable" }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "Application and collection procedures depend on institution type and ICA e-services. ICA requires appointment for completion of formalities when collecting the pass.", "zh-Hans": "申请与领取程序取决于院校类型与 ICA 电子服务。领取准证完成手续时 ICA 要求预约。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": "unknown", "local_employment_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": false, "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": false }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "A Student's Pass is for study. Permanent residence, if any, depends on later employment or other schemes under separate rules—not automatic from study alone.", "zh-Hans": "学生准证用于学习。永久居民（如有）取决于后续就业或其他计划的独立规则，并非仅凭学习自动获得。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "ICA Student's Pass pages do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "ICA 学生准证页面没有确认公民资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 2, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "singapore-ica-student-pass" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "singapore-ica-student-pass", "url": "https://www.ica.gov.sg/reside/STP/apply", "section": "Becoming a Student's Pass Holder", "snapshot_id": "ad7f1f9f0ab40029ef71dea184fc43e34e49e5103325a371ab26356800b772e4", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "singapore-ica-student-pass", "url": "https://www.ica.gov.sg/reside/STP/apply", "section": "Becoming a Student's Pass Holder", "snapshot_id": "ad7f1f9f0ab40029ef71dea184fc43e34e49e5103325a371ab26356800b772e4", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "singapore-ica-student-pass", "url": "https://www.ica.gov.sg/reside/STP/apply", "section": "Becoming a Student's Pass Holder", "snapshot_id": "ad7f1f9f0ab40029ef71dea184fc43e34e49e5103325a371ab26356800b772e4", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "singapore-ica-student-pass", "url": "https://www.ica.gov.sg/reside/STP/apply", "section": "Becoming a Student's Pass Holder", "snapshot_id": "ad7f1f9f0ab40029ef71dea184fc43e34e49e5103325a371ab26356800b772e4", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "singapore-ica-student-pass", "url": "https://www.ica.gov.sg/reside/STP/apply", "section": "Becoming a Student's Pass Holder", "snapshot_id": "ad7f1f9f0ab40029ef71dea184fc43e34e49e5103325a371ab26356800b772e4", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "singapore-ica-student-pass", "url": "https://www.ica.gov.sg/reside/STP/apply", "section": "Becoming a Student's Pass Holder", "snapshot_id": "ad7f1f9f0ab40029ef71dea184fc43e34e49e5103325a371ab26356800b772e4", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "singapore-ica-student-pass", "url": "https://www.ica.gov.sg/reside/STP/apply", "section": "Becoming a Student's Pass Holder", "snapshot_id": "ad7f1f9f0ab40029ef71dea184fc43e34e49e5103325a371ab26356800b772e4", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "singapore-ica-student-pass", "url": "https://www.ica.gov.sg/reside/STP/apply", "section": "Becoming a Student's Pass Holder", "snapshot_id": "ad7f1f9f0ab40029ef71dea184fc43e34e49e5103325a371ab26356800b772e4", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "singapore-ica-student-pass", "url": "https://www.ica.gov.sg/reside/STP/apply", "section": "Becoming a Student's Pass Holder", "snapshot_id": "ad7f1f9f0ab40029ef71dea184fc43e34e49e5103325a371ab26356800b772e4", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "singapore-ica-student-pass", "url": "https://www.ica.gov.sg/reside/STP/apply", "section": "Becoming a Student's Pass Holder", "snapshot_id": "ad7f1f9f0ab40029ef71dea184fc43e34e49e5103325a371ab26356800b772e4", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "singapore-ica-student-pass", "url": "https://www.ica.gov.sg/reside/STP/apply", "section": "Becoming a Student's Pass Holder", "snapshot_id": "ad7f1f9f0ab40029ef71dea184fc43e34e49e5103325a371ab26356800b772e4", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "singapore-ica-student-pass", "url": "https://www.ica.gov.sg/reside/STP/apply", "section": "Becoming a Student's Pass Holder", "snapshot_id": "ad7f1f9f0ab40029ef71dea184fc43e34e49e5103325a371ab26356800b772e4", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "singapore-ica-student-pass", "url": "https://www.ica.gov.sg/reside/STP/apply", "section": "Becoming a Student's Pass Holder", "snapshot_id": "ad7f1f9f0ab40029ef71dea184fc43e34e49e5103325a371ab26356800b772e4", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "singapore-ica-student-pass", "url": "https://www.ica.gov.sg/reside/STP/apply", "section": "Becoming a Student's Pass Holder", "snapshot_id": "ad7f1f9f0ab40029ef71dea184fc43e34e49e5103325a371ab26356800b772e4", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "spain-digital-nomad", "country_id": "spain", "country_names": { "en": "Spain", "zh-Hans": "西班牙" }, "category_ids": [ "digital_nomad" ], "official_names": { "en": "International teleworker residence authorisation", "zh-Hans": "国际远程工作者居留许可" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "remote_income", "summary_md": { "en": "Spain's UGE describes an international-teleworker route for third-country nationals working remotely for companies outside Spain through computer, telematic, and telecommunications systems.", "zh-Hans": "西班牙的 UGE 描述了一种国际远程工作途径，供第三国国民通过计算机、远程信息处理和电信系统为西班牙境外的公司远程工作。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": "unknown", "accepted_sources": [ "remote_employment", "self_employment", "unknown" ], "income_location": "outside_destination", "proof_history_months": "unknown", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The retained UGE page establishes work for companies outside Spain but does not state the financial-resource threshold.", "zh-Hans": "保留的 UGE 页面为西班牙境外的公司提供了工作机会，但没有说明财务资源门槛。" } }, "timeline": { "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": "unknown", "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": true, "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained UGE page does not establish a permanent-residence outcome for this authorisation.", "zh-Hans": "保留的 UGE 页面并不为此授权建立永久居留结果。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained UGE page does not establish a citizenship outcome for this authorisation.", "zh-Hans": "保留的 UGE 页面并未确定此授权的公民身份结果。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "permanence_score": 3, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 3, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "remote_income", "pathway_type": "unknown", "requires_job_offer": "unknown", "requires_local_entity": "unknown" }, "source_ids": [ "spain-uge-international-teleworkers" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "spain-uge-international-teleworkers", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores", "section": "Teletrabajadores de carácter internacional", "snapshot_id": "5e974375c4d0af532196b053e1eb3b0cdaba2199ecb74707dba14cf7b327f164", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "spain-uge-international-teleworkers", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores", "section": "Teletrabajadores de carácter internacional / Art.74 bis Ley 14/2013", "snapshot_id": "5e974375c4d0af532196b053e1eb3b0cdaba2199ecb74707dba14cf7b327f164", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "spain-uge-international-teleworkers", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores", "section": "Teletrabajadores de carácter internacional", "snapshot_id": "5e974375c4d0af532196b053e1eb3b0cdaba2199ecb74707dba14cf7b327f164", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "spain-uge-international-teleworkers", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores", "section": "Teletrabajadores de carácter internacional", "snapshot_id": "5e974375c4d0af532196b053e1eb3b0cdaba2199ecb74707dba14cf7b327f164", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "spain-uge-international-teleworkers", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores", "section": "Teletrabajadores de carácter internacional / Art.74 bis Ley 14/2013", "snapshot_id": "5e974375c4d0af532196b053e1eb3b0cdaba2199ecb74707dba14cf7b327f164", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "spain-uge-international-teleworkers", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores", "section": "Teletrabajadores de carácter internacional", "snapshot_id": "5e974375c4d0af532196b053e1eb3b0cdaba2199ecb74707dba14cf7b327f164", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "spain-uge-international-teleworkers", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores", "section": "Teletrabajadores de carácter internacional", "snapshot_id": "5e974375c4d0af532196b053e1eb3b0cdaba2199ecb74707dba14cf7b327f164", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "spain-uge-international-teleworkers", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores", "section": "Teletrabajadores de carácter internacional", "snapshot_id": "5e974375c4d0af532196b053e1eb3b0cdaba2199ecb74707dba14cf7b327f164", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "spain-uge-international-teleworkers", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores", "section": "Teletrabajadores de carácter internacional", "snapshot_id": "5e974375c4d0af532196b053e1eb3b0cdaba2199ecb74707dba14cf7b327f164", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "spain-uge-international-teleworkers", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores", "section": "Teletrabajadores de carácter internacional", "snapshot_id": "5e974375c4d0af532196b053e1eb3b0cdaba2199ecb74707dba14cf7b327f164", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "spain-uge-international-teleworkers", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores", "section": "Preguntas frecuentes", "snapshot_id": "5e974375c4d0af532196b053e1eb3b0cdaba2199ecb74707dba14cf7b327f164", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "spain-uge-international-teleworkers", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores", "section": "Teletrabajadores de carácter internacional", "snapshot_id": "5e974375c4d0af532196b053e1eb3b0cdaba2199ecb74707dba14cf7b327f164", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "spain-uge-international-teleworkers", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores", "section": "Teletrabajadores de carácter internacional", "snapshot_id": "5e974375c4d0af532196b053e1eb3b0cdaba2199ecb74707dba14cf7b327f164", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "spain-uge-international-teleworkers", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores", "section": "Teletrabajadores de carácter internacional / Art.74 bis Ley 14/2013", "snapshot_id": "5e974375c4d0af532196b053e1eb3b0cdaba2199ecb74707dba14cf7b327f164", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T05:07:14.070Z", "update_frequency_days": 7, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "spain-highly-qualified-professionals", "country_id": "spain", "country_names": { "en": "Spain", "zh-Hans": "西班牙" }, "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Residence authorisation for highly qualified professionals", "zh-Hans": "高技能专业人士居留许可" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "summary_md": { "en": "An employer-linked Spanish residence-and-work route for a foreign professional who will perform work requiring higher-education qualifications or, exceptionally, equivalent professional experience.", "zh-Hans": "面向与雇主相关联的西班牙居留和工作途径，适用于从事需要高等教育学历，或在特殊情况下需要相当专业经验的外国专业人士。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": true, "min_income": [ { "amount": "unknown", "currency": "EUR", "period": "monthly", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total" } ], "accepted_sources": [ "employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The retained official pages establish the qualified-employment route but do not expose a stable current salary threshold in the extracted evidence.", "zh-Hans": "保留的官方页面确立了高技能就业途径，但提取的证据没有显示稳定的当前薪资门槛。" } }, "timeline": { "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "limited", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "limited", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained highly qualified professional sources do not establish a permanent-residence outcome.", "zh-Hans": "保留的高技能专业人士来源没有确认永久居留结果。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained highly qualified professional sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "保留的高技能专业人士来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "residence", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "requires_job_offer": true, "requires_local_entity": true }, "source_ids": [ "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-initial", "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-renewal" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-initial", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/66.-autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-y-trabajo-de-profesionales-altamente-cualificados", "section": "Temporary residence-and-work authorisation and May 2025 update note", "snapshot_id": "ad3df76bd383204a44432daeecb814c92669dda9470fb56f2df28042d3773c36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:38.831Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-initial", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/66.-autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-y-trabajo-de-profesionales-altamente-cualificados", "section": "Type of authorisation and higher-education or exceptional experience route", "snapshot_id": "ad3df76bd383204a44432daeecb814c92669dda9470fb56f2df28042d3773c36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:38.831Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-initial", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/66.-autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-y-trabajo-de-profesionales-altamente-cualificados", "section": "Requirements for qualified employment and supporting documentation", "snapshot_id": "ad3df76bd383204a44432daeecb814c92669dda9470fb56f2df28042d3773c36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:38.831Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-initial", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/66.-autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-y-trabajo-de-profesionales-altamente-cualificados", "section": "Route limitations and rules in force at filing", "snapshot_id": "ad3df76bd383204a44432daeecb814c92669dda9470fb56f2df28042d3773c36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:38.831Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-initial", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/66.-autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-y-trabajo-de-profesionales-altamente-cualificados", "section": "Employer-linked highly qualified professional authorisation", "snapshot_id": "ad3df76bd383204a44432daeecb814c92669dda9470fb56f2df28042d3773c36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:38.831Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-initial", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/66.-autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-y-trabajo-de-profesionales-altamente-cualificados", "section": "Qualification and employment requirements", "snapshot_id": "ad3df76bd383204a44432daeecb814c92669dda9470fb56f2df28042d3773c36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:38.831Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-initial", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/66.-autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-y-trabajo-de-profesionales-altamente-cualificados", "section": "Required documentation and fees not established", "snapshot_id": "ad3df76bd383204a44432daeecb814c92669dda9470fb56f2df28042d3773c36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:38.831Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-initial", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/66.-autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-y-trabajo-de-profesionales-altamente-cualificados", "section": "Salary threshold not established in retained extraction", "snapshot_id": "ad3df76bd383204a44432daeecb814c92669dda9470fb56f2df28042d3773c36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:38.831Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-renewal", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/67.-renovacion-de-la-autorizacion-de-residencia-temporal-y-trabajo-de-profesionales-altamente-cualificados", "section": "Initial authorisation and renewal procedure", "snapshot_id": "f3fa8602451de3271c5ac11970a29d981bb6f2328f766e06042e74ddef27df47", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.274Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-initial", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/66.-autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-y-trabajo-de-profesionales-altamente-cualificados", "section": "Residence and work authorisation", "snapshot_id": "ad3df76bd383204a44432daeecb814c92669dda9470fb56f2df28042d3773c36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:38.831Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-renewal", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/67.-renovacion-de-la-autorizacion-de-residencia-temporal-y-trabajo-de-profesionales-altamente-cualificados", "section": "Family mobility application forms and eligible family classes", "snapshot_id": "f3fa8602451de3271c5ac11970a29d981bb6f2328f766e06042e74ddef27df47", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.274Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-initial", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/66.-autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-y-trabajo-de-profesionales-altamente-cualificados", "section": "Permanent residence not established", "snapshot_id": "ad3df76bd383204a44432daeecb814c92669dda9470fb56f2df28042d3773c36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:38.831Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-initial", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/66.-autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-y-trabajo-de-profesionales-altamente-cualificados", "section": "Citizenship not established", "snapshot_id": "ad3df76bd383204a44432daeecb814c92669dda9470fb56f2df28042d3773c36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:38.831Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-initial", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/66.-autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-y-trabajo-de-profesionales-altamente-cualificados", "section": "Conservative highly qualified professional filter fields", "snapshot_id": "ad3df76bd383204a44432daeecb814c92669dda9470fb56f2df28042d3773c36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:38.831Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T12:27:41Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T12:27:41Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.915Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "spain-study-stay", "country_id": "spain", "country_names": { "en": "Spain", "zh-Hans": "西班牙" }, "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Long-stay study authorisation", "zh-Hans": "长期学习居留许可" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "summary_md": { "en": "A temporary study-stay route for higher education, post-compulsory secondary education, student mobility, volunteering, and specified training activities lasting more than 90 days.", "zh-Hans": "面向高等教育、义务后中等教育、学生流动、志愿服务和特定培训活动的临时学习停留途径，适用于超过 90 天的项目。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [ { "amount": "unknown", "currency": "EUR", "period": "monthly", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "The official consular guidance states that the minimum financial means are equivalent to 100% of Spain's IPREM; the amount changes with the applicable IPREM.", "zh-Hans": "官方领事指南说明，最低经济能力相当于西班牙 IPREM 的 100%；金额会随适用的 IPREM 变化。" } } ], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable" }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "The retained sources do not establish a universal processing time. For study stays longer than six months, the consular page states that the visa is valid for one year and the student must apply for a Foreigner Identity Card within one month of entry.", "zh-Hans": "保留的来源没有确认统一的处理时间。对于超过六个月的学习停留，领事页面说明签证有效期为一年，学生必须在入境后一个月内申请外国人身份证。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "initial_validity_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": "unknown", "local_employment_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": false, "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": false }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "limited", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "limited", "spouse_work_allowed": false, "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained study-stay sources do not establish a permanent-residence outcome.", "zh-Hans": "保留的学习停留来源没有确认永久居留结果。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained study-stay sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "保留的学习停留来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "spain-inclusion-study-stay", "spain-exteriores-study-visa" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-study-stay", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/estancia-por-estudios", "section": "Study-stay authorisation exceeding 90 days", "snapshot_id": "6efe619ac199ae118355eaa42396c0b5654d1540c3ea9077bba894ddaabf1730", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.915Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-study-stay", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/estancia-por-estudios", "section": "Eligible study, mobility, volunteering, and training activities", "snapshot_id": "6efe619ac199ae118355eaa42396c0b5654d1540c3ea9077bba894ddaabf1730", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.915Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-study-stay", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/estancia-por-estudios", "section": "Study-stay requirements and application documents", "snapshot_id": "6efe619ac199ae118355eaa42396c0b5654d1540c3ea9077bba894ddaabf1730", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.915Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-study-stay", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/estancia-por-estudios", "section": "90-day boundary and study route limitations", "snapshot_id": "6efe619ac199ae118355eaa42396c0b5654d1540c3ea9077bba894ddaabf1730", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.915Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-study-stay", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/estancia-por-estudios", "section": "Admission to eligible study activity", "snapshot_id": "6efe619ac199ae118355eaa42396c0b5654d1540c3ea9077bba894ddaabf1730", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.915Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-study-stay", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/estancia-por-estudios", "section": "Study-stay eligibility and health documentation", "snapshot_id": "6efe619ac199ae118355eaa42396c0b5654d1540c3ea9077bba894ddaabf1730", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.915Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "spain-exteriores-study-visa", "url": "https://www.exteriores.gob.es/Consulados/londres/en/ServiciosConsulares/Paginas/Consular/Visado-de-estudios.aspx", "section": "Proof of financial means and 100% IPREM rule", "snapshot_id": "e02236687966fe4d8cab98946961ee8bdcdb787d74549541abc661b84a914bb8", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:31.782Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-study-stay", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/estancia-por-estudios", "section": "Study route does not use an employment-income requirement", "snapshot_id": "6efe619ac199ae118355eaa42396c0b5654d1540c3ea9077bba894ddaabf1730", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.915Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "spain-exteriores-study-visa", "url": "https://www.exteriores.gob.es/Consulados/londres/en/ServiciosConsulares/Paginas/Consular/Visado-de-estudios.aspx", "section": "Long-stay visa validity and Foreigner Identity Card timing", "snapshot_id": "e02236687966fe4d8cab98946961ee8bdcdb787d74549541abc661b84a914bb8", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:31.782Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-study-stay", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/estancia-por-estudios", "section": "Study purpose and work rights requiring further review", "snapshot_id": "6efe619ac199ae118355eaa42396c0b5654d1540c3ea9077bba894ddaabf1730", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.915Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-study-stay", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/estancia-por-estudios", "section": "Family visa availability and non-work condition", "snapshot_id": "6efe619ac199ae118355eaa42396c0b5654d1540c3ea9077bba894ddaabf1730", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.915Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-study-stay", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/estancia-por-estudios", "section": "Permanent residence not established", "snapshot_id": "6efe619ac199ae118355eaa42396c0b5654d1540c3ea9077bba894ddaabf1730", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.915Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-study-stay", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/estancia-por-estudios", "section": "Citizenship not established", "snapshot_id": "6efe619ac199ae118355eaa42396c0b5654d1540c3ea9077bba894ddaabf1730", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.915Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "spain-inclusion-study-stay", "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/w/estancia-por-estudios", "section": "Conservative study-stay filter fields", "snapshot_id": "6efe619ac199ae118355eaa42396c0b5654d1540c3ea9077bba894ddaabf1730", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.915Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T12:27:41Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T12:27:41Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.915Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "uae-free-zone-investor", "country_id": "uae", "country_names": { "en": "United Arab Emirates", "zh-Hans": "阿联酋" }, "category_ids": [ "startup_entrepreneur", "investor" ], "official_names": { "en": "Free-zone company and Green Residence — partner/investor", "zh-Hans": "自由区公司和绿色居留——合作伙伴/投资者" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "own_company", "summary_md": { "en": "A company-owner route pairing DMCC free-zone company formation with Dubai's Green Residence permit for an investor or partner in a commercial project.", "zh-Hans": "公司所有者途径，将 DMCC 自由区公司组建与商业项目投资者或合作伙伴的迪拜绿色居留许可配对。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "GDRFA residence permit fee", "zh-Hans": "GDRFA 居留许可费" }, "amount": 200, "currency": "AED", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": false, "accepted_sources": [ "business_income", "self_employment" ], "income_location": "not_applicable", "proof_history_months": "unknown", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The retained setup and residence sources do not state a universal income minimum for this partner/investor route.", "zh-Hans": "保留的设立与居留来源并未说明此合作伙伴/投资者途径的普遍收入最低标准。" } }, "business_setup": { "required": true, "entity_types": [ "Individual", "Subsidiary", "Branch", "Free Zone Company" ], "min_setup_cost": [ { "amount": 10345, "currency": "AED", "period": "one_time", "applies_to": "business", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "DMCC publishes a setup-cost range that varies by business type, licence duration, and office solution; this is the lower end of the published range.", "zh-Hans": "DMCC 发布了一个设立成本范围，该范围因业务类型、许可证期限和办公解决方案而异；这是已发布范围的下限。" } } ], "local_director_required": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "DMCC describes a digital formation process, shareholder and ownership documents, business information, a registered office solution, and an electronic licence. GDRFA requires partnership/MOA or investment-contract evidence and a trade licence for the residence permit.", "zh-Hans": "DMCC 描述了线上设立流程、股东和所有权文件、商业信息、注册办事处解决方案和电子许可证。 GDRFA 需要合伙/MOA 或投资合同证据以及居留许可的贸易许可证。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "DMCC says company formation typically takes around 10 working days depending on documents and approvals. GDRFA lists 48 hours as the expected completion time for the residence service.", "zh-Hans": "DMCC 表示，公司成立通常需要 10 个工作日左右，具体取决于文件和批准。 GDRFA 将 48 小时列为居住服务的预计完成时间。" }, "initial_validity_months": 60, "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": 60 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": true, "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": true }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "The retained DMCC and GDRFA service pages do not establish the family sponsorship conditions for this fixture.", "zh-Hans": "保留的 DMCC 和 GDRFA 服务页面并未规定此赛事的家庭赞助条件。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained company-setup and Green Residence service pages do not establish a permanent-residence pathway.", "zh-Hans": "保留的公司设立和绿色居住服务页面并未建立永久居留途径。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained company-setup and Green Residence service pages do not establish a citizenship pathway.", "zh-Hans": "保留的公司设立和绿色居留服务页面并未建立公民身份途径。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 4, "cost_score": 4, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "own_company", "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": true }, "source_ids": [ "uae-dmcc-business-setup", "uae-gdrfa-green-residence-partner-investor" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-residence-partner-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024c6-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, and green residence permit", "snapshot_id": "4e481895001d681d05b24487ff370862ece9f7cf13ca5cc6b98cd83630229059", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.159Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-dmcc-business-setup", "url": "https://dmcc.ae/business/set-up-a-new-business", "section": "Company formation and process", "snapshot_id": "ef7ba19099a8ad49573f2ccbf0a8fc68c2cce59af9ed516744d5817f52f4632d", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.044Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-dmcc-business-setup", "url": "https://dmcc.ae/business/set-up-a-new-business", "section": "Company formation and process", "snapshot_id": "ef7ba19099a8ad49573f2ccbf0a8fc68c2cce59af9ed516744d5817f52f4632d", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.044Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-dmcc-business-setup", "url": "https://dmcc.ae/business/set-up-a-new-business", "section": "Company formation and process", "snapshot_id": "ef7ba19099a8ad49573f2ccbf0a8fc68c2cce59af9ed516744d5817f52f4632d", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.044Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "uae-dmcc-business-setup", "url": "https://dmcc.ae/business/set-up-a-new-business", "section": "Company formation and process", "snapshot_id": "ef7ba19099a8ad49573f2ccbf0a8fc68c2cce59af9ed516744d5817f52f4632d", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.044Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-residence-partner-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024c6-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, and green residence permit", "snapshot_id": "4e481895001d681d05b24487ff370862ece9f7cf13ca5cc6b98cd83630229059", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.159Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-residence-partner-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024c6-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, and green residence permit", "snapshot_id": "4e481895001d681d05b24487ff370862ece9f7cf13ca5cc6b98cd83630229059", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.159Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-residence-partner-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024c6-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, and green residence permit", "snapshot_id": "4e481895001d681d05b24487ff370862ece9f7cf13ca5cc6b98cd83630229059", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.159Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-residence-partner-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024c6-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, and green residence permit", "snapshot_id": "4e481895001d681d05b24487ff370862ece9f7cf13ca5cc6b98cd83630229059", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.159Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-residence-partner-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024c6-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, and green residence permit", "snapshot_id": "4e481895001d681d05b24487ff370862ece9f7cf13ca5cc6b98cd83630229059", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.159Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-residence-partner-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024c6-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, and green residence permit", "snapshot_id": "4e481895001d681d05b24487ff370862ece9f7cf13ca5cc6b98cd83630229059", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.159Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-residence-partner-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024c6-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, and green residence permit", "snapshot_id": "4e481895001d681d05b24487ff370862ece9f7cf13ca5cc6b98cd83630229059", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.159Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-residence-partner-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024c6-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, and green residence permit", "snapshot_id": "4e481895001d681d05b24487ff370862ece9f7cf13ca5cc6b98cd83630229059", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.159Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-residence-partner-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024c6-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, and green residence permit", "snapshot_id": "4e481895001d681d05b24487ff370862ece9f7cf13ca5cc6b98cd83630229059", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.159Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.159Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.159Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T05:55:37.159Z", "update_frequency_days": 30, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "uae-golden-entrepreneur", "country_id": "uae", "country_names": { "en": "United Arab Emirates", "zh-Hans": "阿联酋" }, "category_ids": [ "startup_entrepreneur" ], "official_names": { "en": "Golden Residence — entrepreneur", "zh-Hans": "黄金居留——企业家" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "own_company", "summary_md": { "en": "An entrepreneur route to complete UAE Golden Residency procedures for an innovative or future-oriented project valued at least AED 500,000 and supported by an accredited-auditor letter and competent-authority or incubator confirmation.", "zh-Hans": "为价值至少 500,000 迪拉姆的创新或面向未来的项目完成阿联酋黄金居留程序的企业家途径，并得到认可审计师信函和主管机构或孵化器确认的支持。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "minimum_investment": [ { "amount": 500000, "currency": "AED", "applies_to": "business", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "This is the minimum documented project value, not a universal personal liquid-funds requirement.", "zh-Hans": "这是记录的最低项目价值，而不是通用的个人流动资金要求。" } } ], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Application Fees", "zh-Hans": "申请费" }, "amount": 100, "currency": "AED", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Issuance Fees", "zh-Hans": "发行费用" }, "amount": 100, "currency": "AED", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Smart Services Fees", "zh-Hans": "智能服务费用" }, "amount": 100, "currency": "AED", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": "unknown", "accepted_sources": [ "business_income", "self_employment", "unknown" ], "income_location": "unknown", "proof_history_months": "unknown", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The retained entrepreneur service does not state a universal personal income threshold.", "zh-Hans": "保留企业家服务并未规定普遍的个人收入门槛。" } }, "business_setup": { "required": "unknown", "entity_types": [ "Innovative or future-oriented project" ], "local_director_required": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "The service is for a project owner and requires project-value and innovation/future-oriented documentation, but does not define a single company incorporation form.", "zh-Hans": "该服务面向项目所有者，需要项目价值和创新/面向未来的文档，但不定义单一公司注册形式。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "The ICP service lists a two-day service completion duration and describes the service as completing Golden Residency procedures for ten years.", "zh-Hans": "ICP服务列出了两天的服务完成期限，并将该服务描述为完成黄金居住程序十年。" }, "initial_validity_months": 120, "renewable": "unknown", "max_stay_months": 120 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": "unknown", "local_employment_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": true }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "The retained entrepreneur service does not enumerate dependant eligibility or work rights.", "zh-Hans": "保留的企业家服务不列举附属资格或工作权利。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The entrepreneur service establishes a ten-year Golden Residency procedure, not a permanent-residence route.", "zh-Hans": "企业家服务建立了为期十年的黄金居留程序，而不是永久居留途径。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained entrepreneur service does not establish a citizenship route.", "zh-Hans": "保留的企业家服务不建立公民身份途径。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 4, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 4, "permanence_score": 3, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "own_company", "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": "unknown" }, "source_ids": [ "uae-icp-golden-entrepreneur" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "uae-icp-golden-entrepreneur", "url": "https://icp.gov.ae/en/services-details?serviceid=68e34f115ae59b00117383d9", "section": "Entrepreneur Golden Residency service conditions, fees, and duration", "snapshot_id": "c7de0521c9cde5780f15305f8f2ae573dd7513b700bad3296d79e1ec7917b376", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:59.729Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-icp-golden-entrepreneur", "url": "https://icp.gov.ae/en/services-details?serviceid=68e34f115ae59b00117383d9", "section": "Entrepreneur Golden Residency service conditions, fees, and duration", "snapshot_id": "c7de0521c9cde5780f15305f8f2ae573dd7513b700bad3296d79e1ec7917b376", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:59.729Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-icp-golden-entrepreneur", "url": "https://icp.gov.ae/en/services-details?serviceid=68e34f115ae59b00117383d9", "section": "Entrepreneur Golden Residency service conditions, fees, and duration", "snapshot_id": "c7de0521c9cde5780f15305f8f2ae573dd7513b700bad3296d79e1ec7917b376", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:59.729Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-icp-golden-entrepreneur", "url": "https://icp.gov.ae/en/services-details?serviceid=68e34f115ae59b00117383d9", "section": "Entrepreneur Golden Residency service conditions, fees, and duration", "snapshot_id": 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"https://icp.gov.ae/en/services-details?serviceid=68e34f115ae59b00117383d9", "section": "Entrepreneur Golden Residency service conditions, fees, and duration", "snapshot_id": "c7de0521c9cde5780f15305f8f2ae573dd7513b700bad3296d79e1ec7917b376", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:59.729Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "uae-icp-golden-entrepreneur", "url": "https://icp.gov.ae/en/services-details?serviceid=68e34f115ae59b00117383d9", "section": "Entrepreneur Golden Residency service conditions, fees, and duration", "snapshot_id": "c7de0521c9cde5780f15305f8f2ae573dd7513b700bad3296d79e1ec7917b376", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:59.729Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "uae-icp-golden-entrepreneur", "url": "https://icp.gov.ae/en/services-details?serviceid=68e34f115ae59b00117383d9", "section": "Entrepreneur Golden Residency service conditions, fees, and duration", "snapshot_id": "c7de0521c9cde5780f15305f8f2ae573dd7513b700bad3296d79e1ec7917b376", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:59.729Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "uae-icp-golden-entrepreneur", "url": "https://icp.gov.ae/en/services-details?serviceid=68e34f115ae59b00117383d9", "section": "Entrepreneur Golden Residency service conditions, fees, and duration", "snapshot_id": "c7de0521c9cde5780f15305f8f2ae573dd7513b700bad3296d79e1ec7917b376", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:59.729Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "uae-icp-golden-entrepreneur", "url": "https://icp.gov.ae/en/services-details?serviceid=68e34f115ae59b00117383d9", "section": "Entrepreneur Golden Residency service conditions, fees, and duration", "snapshot_id": "c7de0521c9cde5780f15305f8f2ae573dd7513b700bad3296d79e1ec7917b376", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:59.729Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:59.729Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:59.729Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:59.729Z", "update_frequency_days": 30, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "uae-golden-property-investor", "country_id": "uae", "country_names": { "en": "United Arab Emirates", "zh-Hans": "阿联酋" }, "category_ids": [ "investor" ], "official_names": { "en": "Golden Residence — real estate investor", "zh-Hans": "Golden Residence — 房地产投资者" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "investment", "summary_md": { "en": "A ten-year Golden Residence route for a UAE real-estate investor who owns property or properties with a total value of at least AED 2 million and maintains the investment conditions.", "zh-Hans": "为拥有总价值至少 200 万迪拉姆的房产或房产并保持投资条件的阿联酋房地产投资者提供为期十年的黄金居留途径。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "minimum_investment": [ { "amount": 2000000, "currency": "AED", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "The real-estate investment must total at least AED 2 million; the service states that mortgaged property may be accepted and details valuation and lien controls.", "zh-Hans": "房地产投资总额必须至少200万迪拉姆；该服务规定可以接受抵押财产，并详细说明了估价和留置权控制。" } } ], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Golden Residence service cost", "zh-Hans": "金居服务费用" }, "amount": 2790, "currency": "AED", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": false, "accepted_sources": [ "passive_income", "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable", "proof_history_months": "unknown", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The retained Golden Investor page sets the property-value condition and does not state a universal personal income minimum for the Golden real-estate stream.", "zh-Hans": "保留的黄金投资者页面设置了财产价值条件，但没有规定黄金房地产流的普遍个人收入最低标准。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "The GDRFA service lists an expected completion time of five days. Golden Residence is valid for ten years and can be extended if the same conditions continue.", "zh-Hans": "GDRFA 服务列出的预计完成时间为五天。黄金居留的有效期为十年，如果相同条件持续，可以延长。" }, "initial_validity_months": 120, "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": 120 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": "unknown", "local_employment_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "The retained GDRFA Golden Investor page states Golden Residence family self-support conditions but does not enumerate dependant eligibility in the stream-specific service.", "zh-Hans": "保留的 GDRFA Golden Investor 页面规定了 Golden Residence 家庭的自养条件，但没有列举特定流服务中的家属资格。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The Golden Investor service establishes long-term renewable residence, not a permanent-residence route.", "zh-Hans": "黄金投资者服务建立了长期可更新居留权，而不是永久居留权。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained investor service does not establish a citizenship route.", "zh-Hans": "保留投资者服务不建立公民身份途径。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 4, "cost_score": 5, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 3, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "investment", "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "uae-gdrfa-golden-investor" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/8ea80da4-f43e-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Real Estate Investor requirements, fees, and terms", "snapshot_id": 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"section": "Real Estate Investor requirements, fees, and terms", "snapshot_id": "ebe22ddd2e777702534aa16a588edac7c921a6b272bd841bcf84b0e889a03f46", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:55.232Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/8ea80da4-f43e-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Real Estate Investor requirements, fees, and terms", "snapshot_id": "ebe22ddd2e777702534aa16a588edac7c921a6b272bd841bcf84b0e889a03f46", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:55.232Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/8ea80da4-f43e-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Real Estate Investor requirements, fees, and terms", "snapshot_id": "ebe22ddd2e777702534aa16a588edac7c921a6b272bd841bcf84b0e889a03f46", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:55.232Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/8ea80da4-f43e-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Real Estate Investor requirements, fees, and terms", "snapshot_id": "ebe22ddd2e777702534aa16a588edac7c921a6b272bd841bcf84b0e889a03f46", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:55.232Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-investor", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/8ea80da4-f43e-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Real Estate Investor requirements, fees, and terms", "snapshot_id": "ebe22ddd2e777702534aa16a588edac7c921a6b272bd841bcf84b0e889a03f46", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:55.232Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:55.232Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:55.232Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:55.232Z", "update_frequency_days": 30, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "uae-golden-talent", "country_id": "uae", "country_names": { "en": "United Arab Emirates", "zh-Hans": "阿联酋" }, "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Golden Residence — talented geniuses", "zh-Hans": "黄金居留——杰出人才" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "talent_pass", "summary_md": { "en": "A ten-year renewable Golden Residence route for exceptional talent in culture and arts, innovation and invention, athletics, or digital technology, with nomination and category-specific evidence.", "zh-Hans": "为期十年的可续期黄金居留途径，针对文化和艺术、创新和发明、体育或数字技术领域的杰出人才，提供提名和特定类别的证据。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Residence permit fee", "zh-Hans": "居留许可费" }, "amount": 1100, "currency": "AED", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Fee inside the country", "zh-Hans": "国内费用" }, "amount": 500, "currency": "AED", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Delivery", "zh-Hans": "送货" }, "amount": 20, "currency": "AED", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": "unknown", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "unknown", "proof_history_months": "unknown", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The service requires the holder to support themselves and their family without government support but does not state a universal income threshold.", "zh-Hans": "该服务要求持有人在没有政府支持的情况下养活自己和家人，但没有规定普遍的收入门槛。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "The GDRFA service lists an expected completion time of five days. The permit is valid for ten years and may be extended if the same conditions are met.", "zh-Hans": "GDRFA 服务列出的预计完成时间为五天。该许可证的有效期为十年，如果满足相同条件，可以延期。" }, "initial_validity_months": 120, "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": 120 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": "unknown", "local_employment_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "The retained talent service mentions supporting the family but does not enumerate dependant eligibility or work rights.", "zh-Hans": "保留人才服务提到支持家庭，但没有列举受抚养资格或工作权利。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The talent service establishes renewable ten-year residence, not a permanent-residence route.", "zh-Hans": "人才服务建立了可续签的十年居留权，而不是永久居留权。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained talent service does not establish a citizenship route.", "zh-Hans": "留用人才服务不建立公民身份途径。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 4, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 3, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "talent_pass", "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/2e7da546-f815-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Talent categories, nomination letters, validity, and renewal", "snapshot_id": "e97ceb62d4888cd5cb173f4442aa945f3523a60ae0363807e11afcf5df3250cd", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/2e7da546-f815-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Talent categories, nomination letters, validity, and renewal", "snapshot_id": "e97ceb62d4888cd5cb173f4442aa945f3523a60ae0363807e11afcf5df3250cd", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/2e7da546-f815-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Talent categories, nomination letters, validity, and renewal", "snapshot_id": "e97ceb62d4888cd5cb173f4442aa945f3523a60ae0363807e11afcf5df3250cd", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/2e7da546-f815-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Talent categories, nomination letters, validity, and renewal", "snapshot_id": "e97ceb62d4888cd5cb173f4442aa945f3523a60ae0363807e11afcf5df3250cd", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/2e7da546-f815-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Talent categories, nomination letters, validity, and renewal", "snapshot_id": "e97ceb62d4888cd5cb173f4442aa945f3523a60ae0363807e11afcf5df3250cd", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/2e7da546-f815-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Talent categories, nomination letters, validity, and renewal", "snapshot_id": "e97ceb62d4888cd5cb173f4442aa945f3523a60ae0363807e11afcf5df3250cd", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/2e7da546-f815-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Talent categories, nomination letters, validity, and renewal", "snapshot_id": "e97ceb62d4888cd5cb173f4442aa945f3523a60ae0363807e11afcf5df3250cd", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/2e7da546-f815-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Talent categories, nomination letters, validity, and renewal", "snapshot_id": "e97ceb62d4888cd5cb173f4442aa945f3523a60ae0363807e11afcf5df3250cd", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/2e7da546-f815-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Talent categories, nomination letters, validity, and renewal", "snapshot_id": "e97ceb62d4888cd5cb173f4442aa945f3523a60ae0363807e11afcf5df3250cd", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/2e7da546-f815-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Talent categories, nomination letters, validity, and renewal", "snapshot_id": "e97ceb62d4888cd5cb173f4442aa945f3523a60ae0363807e11afcf5df3250cd", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/2e7da546-f815-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Talent categories, nomination letters, validity, and renewal", "snapshot_id": "e97ceb62d4888cd5cb173f4442aa945f3523a60ae0363807e11afcf5df3250cd", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/2e7da546-f815-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Talent categories, nomination letters, validity, and renewal", "snapshot_id": "e97ceb62d4888cd5cb173f4442aa945f3523a60ae0363807e11afcf5df3250cd", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/2e7da546-f815-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Talent categories, nomination letters, validity, and renewal", "snapshot_id": "e97ceb62d4888cd5cb173f4442aa945f3523a60ae0363807e11afcf5df3250cd", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/2e7da546-f815-11eb-0320-0050569629e8", "section": "Talent categories, nomination letters, validity, and renewal", "snapshot_id": "e97ceb62d4888cd5cb173f4442aa945f3523a60ae0363807e11afcf5df3250cd", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:57.040Z", "update_frequency_days": 30, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "uae-green-freelancer", "country_id": "uae", "country_names": { "en": "United Arab Emirates", "zh-Hans": "阿联酋" }, "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Green Residence — self-employment", "zh-Hans": "绿色居留——自营职业" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "self_sponsored", "summary_md": { "en": "A self-sponsored UAE residence permit for a freelancer or self-employed person who holds a Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratisation permit and meets the education and income/solvency conditions.", "zh-Hans": "为持有人力资源和酋长国许可证并符合教育和收入/偿付能力条件的自由职业者或自营职业者提供的无需担保的阿联酋居留许可证。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Residence permit fee", "zh-Hans": "居留许可费" }, "amount": 200, "currency": "AED", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Knowledge Dirham", "zh-Hans": "知识迪拉姆" }, "amount": 10, "currency": "AED", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Innovation Dirham", "zh-Hans": "创新迪拉姆" }, "amount": 10, "currency": "AED", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Fee inside the country", "zh-Hans": "国内费用" }, "amount": 500, "currency": "AED", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "Delivery", "zh-Hans": "送货" }, "amount": 20, "currency": "AED", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": true, "min_income": [ { "amount": 360000, "currency": "AED", "period": "annual", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "Self-employment income over the two preceding years; the page also permits proof of financial solvency throughout the stay as an alternative.", "zh-Hans": "前两年的自营职业收入；作为替代方案，该页面还允许在整个住宿期间提供财务偿付能力证明。" } } ], "accepted_sources": [ "self_employment", "freelance" ], "income_location": "unknown", "proof_history_months": 24, "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "Annual self-employment income for the two preceding years must meet the threshold, unless financial solvency is proved throughout residence.", "zh-Hans": "除非在整个居住期间证明财务偿付能力，否则前两年的年自营职业收入必须达到门槛。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "The GDRFA service lists an expected completion time of 48 hours and a 180-day grace period after expiry or cancellation.", "zh-Hans": "GDRFA 服务列出了 48 小时的预计完成时间以及到期或取消后 180 天的宽限期。" }, "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": true }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown", "note_md": { "en": "The retained Dubai self-employment service page does not state family sponsorship conditions.", "zh-Hans": "保留的迪拜自营职业服务页面并未注明家庭担保条件。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained self-employment service does not establish a permanent-residence route.", "zh-Hans": "保留自营职业服务不建立永久居留途径。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained self-employment service does not establish a citizenship route.", "zh-Hans": "保留的自营职业服务不建立公民身份途径。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 4, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "unknown", "pathway_mechanism": "self_sponsored", "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024d1-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, conditions, and expected completion time", "snapshot_id": "1188561bb8ef3212a111e80273054fd9707c097d5f556397209fc8282eacb811", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024d1-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, conditions, and expected completion time", "snapshot_id": "1188561bb8ef3212a111e80273054fd9707c097d5f556397209fc8282eacb811", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024d1-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, conditions, and expected completion time", "snapshot_id": "1188561bb8ef3212a111e80273054fd9707c097d5f556397209fc8282eacb811", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024d1-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, conditions, and expected completion time", "snapshot_id": "1188561bb8ef3212a111e80273054fd9707c097d5f556397209fc8282eacb811", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024d1-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, conditions, and expected completion time", "snapshot_id": "1188561bb8ef3212a111e80273054fd9707c097d5f556397209fc8282eacb811", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024d1-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, conditions, and expected completion time", "snapshot_id": "1188561bb8ef3212a111e80273054fd9707c097d5f556397209fc8282eacb811", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024d1-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, conditions, and expected completion time", "snapshot_id": "1188561bb8ef3212a111e80273054fd9707c097d5f556397209fc8282eacb811", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024d1-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, conditions, and expected completion time", "snapshot_id": "1188561bb8ef3212a111e80273054fd9707c097d5f556397209fc8282eacb811", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024d1-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, conditions, and expected completion time", "snapshot_id": "1188561bb8ef3212a111e80273054fd9707c097d5f556397209fc8282eacb811", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024d1-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, conditions, and expected completion time", "snapshot_id": "1188561bb8ef3212a111e80273054fd9707c097d5f556397209fc8282eacb811", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024d1-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, conditions, and expected completion time", "snapshot_id": "1188561bb8ef3212a111e80273054fd9707c097d5f556397209fc8282eacb811", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024d1-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, conditions, and expected completion time", "snapshot_id": "1188561bb8ef3212a111e80273054fd9707c097d5f556397209fc8282eacb811", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024d1-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, conditions, and expected completion time", "snapshot_id": "1188561bb8ef3212a111e80273054fd9707c097d5f556397209fc8282eacb811", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024d1-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements, fees, conditions, and expected completion time", "snapshot_id": "1188561bb8ef3212a111e80273054fd9707c097d5f556397209fc8282eacb811", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T06:17:58.396Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "uae-remote-work", "country_id": "uae", "country_names": { "en": "United Arab Emirates", "zh-Hans": "阿联酋" }, "category_ids": [ "digital_nomad" ], "official_names": { "en": "Virtual Work Residence", "zh-Hans": "虚拟工作居留" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "remote_income", "summary_md": { "en": "A UAE remote-work residence route for people working remotely for an organization outside the UAE. The Dubai authority describes a one-year permit subject to renewal, while federal and Dubai sources state a USD 3,500 monthly income condition.", "zh-Hans": "阿联酋远程工作居住途径，适用于为阿联酋以外的组织远程工作的人员。迪拜当局描述了为期一年的许可证，可以续签，而联邦和迪拜消息人士称，每月收入为 3,500 美元。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": true, "min_income": [ { "amount": 3500, "currency": "USD", "period": "monthly", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total" } ], "accepted_sources": [ "remote_employment" ], "income_location": "outside_destination", "proof_history_months": "unknown", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The UAE sources require proof of remote work for an organization outside the UAE and a salary certificate or equivalent showing at least USD 3,500.", "zh-Hans": "阿联酋消息人士要求提供阿联酋境外组织的远程工作证明以及至少显示 3,500 美元的工资证明或同等文件。" } }, "timeline": { "initial_validity_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": "unknown", "remote_work_allowed": true, "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "unknown", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "unknown", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": "unknown" }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained virtual-work residence sources do not establish a permanent-residence route.", "zh-Hans": "保留的虚拟工作居留来源不建立永久居住途径。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained virtual-work residence sources do not establish a citizenship route.", "zh-Hans": "保留的虚拟工作居留来源不建立公民身份途径。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 4, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "temporary_no_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "remote_income", "pathway_type": "temporary_only", "requires_job_offer": "unknown", "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "uae-icp-virtual-work-residence", "uae-gdrfa-virtual-work-residence" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-virtual-work-residence", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024e3-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Issuance of the virtual work residence permit", "snapshot_id": "ef32bf4cefc3061867ab2b429fb941493ed49e9d8f17499ba435e145e2b483e8", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:40.261Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-virtual-work-residence", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024e3-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "When a foreigner engages in remote work for an organization outside the country", "snapshot_id": "ef32bf4cefc3061867ab2b429fb941493ed49e9d8f17499ba435e145e2b483e8", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:40.261Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-icp-virtual-work-residence", "url": "https://icp.gov.ae/en/services-details?serviceid=68e73fd45ae59b00117389f4", "section": "List of Required Documents for Service", "snapshot_id": "d62dd210c054c690aae747e3a1a1b1f053543f03a7a147ad5cb7684704527d3f", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:41.936Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-virtual-work-residence", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024e3-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Terms And Conditions", "snapshot_id": "ef32bf4cefc3061867ab2b429fb941493ed49e9d8f17499ba435e145e2b483e8", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:40.261Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-virtual-work-residence", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024e3-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "When a foreigner engages in remote work for an organization outside the country", "snapshot_id": "ef32bf4cefc3061867ab2b429fb941493ed49e9d8f17499ba435e145e2b483e8", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:40.261Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-virtual-work-residence", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024e3-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Requirements", "snapshot_id": "ef32bf4cefc3061867ab2b429fb941493ed49e9d8f17499ba435e145e2b483e8", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:40.261Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-virtual-work-residence", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024e3-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Fees", "snapshot_id": "ef32bf4cefc3061867ab2b429fb941493ed49e9d8f17499ba435e145e2b483e8", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:40.261Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-virtual-work-residence", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024e3-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Terms And Conditions", "snapshot_id": "ef32bf4cefc3061867ab2b429fb941493ed49e9d8f17499ba435e145e2b483e8", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:40.261Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-virtual-work-residence", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024e3-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Issuance of the virtual work residence permit", "snapshot_id": "ef32bf4cefc3061867ab2b429fb941493ed49e9d8f17499ba435e145e2b483e8", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:40.261Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-virtual-work-residence", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024e3-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "When a foreigner engages in remote work for an organization outside the country", "snapshot_id": "ef32bf4cefc3061867ab2b429fb941493ed49e9d8f17499ba435e145e2b483e8", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:40.261Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-virtual-work-residence", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024e3-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Additional Information", "snapshot_id": "ef32bf4cefc3061867ab2b429fb941493ed49e9d8f17499ba435e145e2b483e8", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:40.261Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-virtual-work-residence", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024e3-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Issuance of the virtual work residence permit", "snapshot_id": "ef32bf4cefc3061867ab2b429fb941493ed49e9d8f17499ba435e145e2b483e8", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:40.261Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-virtual-work-residence", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024e3-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Issuance of the virtual work residence permit", "snapshot_id": "ef32bf4cefc3061867ab2b429fb941493ed49e9d8f17499ba435e145e2b483e8", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:40.261Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "uae-gdrfa-virtual-work-residence", "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024e3-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "section": "Terms And Conditions", "snapshot_id": "ef32bf4cefc3061867ab2b429fb941493ed49e9d8f17499ba435e145e2b483e8", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:40.261Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:41.936Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:41.936Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T05:12:41.936Z", "update_frequency_days": 7, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "country_id": "united-kingdom", "country_names": { "en": "United Kingdom", "zh-Hans": "英国" }, "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Graduate visa", "zh-Hans": "毕业签证（Graduate visa）" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "summary_md": { "en": "A temporary UK post-study work route for people already in the UK on a Student or Tier 4 (General) visa who successfully complete an eligible UK course. It is not extendable, but GOV.UK says you may later switch to another visa such as Skilled Worker.", "zh-Hans": "面向已在英国持学生或 Tier 4（普通）签证、并成功完成合资格英国课程者的临时毕业后工作途径。不可延期，但 GOV.UK 说明之后可能转换至技术工人等其他签证。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Graduate visa application fee", "zh-Hans": "毕业签证申请费" }, "amount": 937, "currency": "GBP", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable" }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "GOV.UK says you usually get a decision within 8 weeks after applying online, proving identity, and providing documents. You must apply from inside the UK before your Student or Tier 4 visa expires. You cannot extend a Graduate visa.", "zh-Hans": "GOV.UK 说明在线申请、完成身份证明并提交文件后通常 8 周内出结果。必须在英国境内、并在学生或 Tier 4 签证到期前申请。毕业签证不可延期。" }, "processing_time_months_min": 2, "processing_time_months_max": 2, "initial_validity_months": 24, "renewable": false, "max_stay_months": 36 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "limited", "business_allowed": true }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "limited", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "limited", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": false, "note_md": { "en": "GOV.UK says a partner and children can apply to stay if they are eligible under the Graduate visa family rules.", "zh-Hans": "GOV.UK 说明伴侣和子女在符合毕业签证家属规则时可以申请继续停留。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "A Graduate visa is temporary and not extendable. GOV.UK says you may switch to another visa such as Skilled Worker, which may later support settlement under that route’s rules.", "zh-Hans": "毕业签证是临时且不可延期的。GOV.UK 说明可转换至技术工人等其他签证，之后可能在该路径规则下支持定居。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The Graduate visa sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "毕业签证来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 2, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "pathway_type": "temporary_only", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "united-kingdom-graduate-visa" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/graduate-visa", "quote_md": "A Graduate visa gives you permission to stay in the UK for at least 18 months after successfully completing an eligible course in the UK.", "section": "Graduate visa overview", "snapshot_id": "610e8f4ea2b8ec39b74342377d56128664b9a9ae72b2d9f659bbdadc5f14aa9e", "quote_hash": "4db87ad81147ec7396d8304520460ea9cc271b10a24b54cd755d338b7c05e198", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/status_note_md": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/graduate-visa", "section": "How long you can stay", "snapshot_id": "610e8f4ea2b8ec39b74342377d56128664b9a9ae72b2d9f659bbdadc5f14aa9e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/graduate-visa", "section": "Eligibility and switching later", "snapshot_id": "610e8f4ea2b8ec39b74342377d56128664b9a9ae72b2d9f659bbdadc5f14aa9e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/graduate-visa", "section": "Eligibility", "snapshot_id": "610e8f4ea2b8ec39b74342377d56128664b9a9ae72b2d9f659bbdadc5f14aa9e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/graduate-visa", "section": "You must be in the UK; cannot extend", "snapshot_id": "610e8f4ea2b8ec39b74342377d56128664b9a9ae72b2d9f659bbdadc5f14aa9e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/graduate-visa", "section": "Post-study permission after Student visa", "snapshot_id": "610e8f4ea2b8ec39b74342377d56128664b9a9ae72b2d9f659bbdadc5f14aa9e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/graduate-visa", "section": "Eligibility requirements", "snapshot_id": "610e8f4ea2b8ec39b74342377d56128664b9a9ae72b2d9f659bbdadc5f14aa9e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/graduate-visa", "section": "How much it costs £937 and healthcare surcharge", "snapshot_id": "610e8f4ea2b8ec39b74342377d56128664b9a9ae72b2d9f659bbdadc5f14aa9e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/graduate-visa", "section": "No job offer required to apply", "snapshot_id": "610e8f4ea2b8ec39b74342377d56128664b9a9ae72b2d9f659bbdadc5f14aa9e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/graduate-visa", "section": "How long you can stay and getting a decision", "snapshot_id": "610e8f4ea2b8ec39b74342377d56128664b9a9ae72b2d9f659bbdadc5f14aa9e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/graduate-visa", "section": "What you can and cannot do", "snapshot_id": "610e8f4ea2b8ec39b74342377d56128664b9a9ae72b2d9f659bbdadc5f14aa9e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/graduate-visa", "section": "Partner and children", "snapshot_id": "610e8f4ea2b8ec39b74342377d56128664b9a9ae72b2d9f659bbdadc5f14aa9e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/graduate-visa", "section": "Switch to a different visa such as Skilled Worker", "snapshot_id": "610e8f4ea2b8ec39b74342377d56128664b9a9ae72b2d9f659bbdadc5f14aa9e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/graduate-visa", "section": "Temporary post-study route", "snapshot_id": "610e8f4ea2b8ec39b74342377d56128664b9a9ae72b2d9f659bbdadc5f14aa9e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-graduate-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/graduate-visa", "section": "Conservative Graduate visa filter fields", "snapshot_id": "610e8f4ea2b8ec39b74342377d56128664b9a9ae72b2d9f659bbdadc5f14aa9e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "united-kingdom-skilled-worker", "country_id": "united-kingdom", "country_names": { "en": "United Kingdom", "zh-Hans": "英国" }, "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "Skilled Worker visa", "zh-Hans": "技术工人签证（Skilled Worker visa）" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "summary_md": { "en": "A UK work and residence route for an eligible job with an approved employer, a certificate of sponsorship, the required salary, and English-language ability. GOV.UK says the visa can last up to five years and may support settlement after five years when the other conditions are met.", "zh-Hans": "面向英国合格职业的工作和居留途径，要求有获批雇主、担保证书、规定薪资和英语能力。GOV.UK 说明签证最长可达五年，满足其他条件时五年后可能支持定居。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": true, "min_income": [ { "amount": 41700, "currency": "GBP", "period": "annual", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total" } ], "accepted_sources": [ "employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination" }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "GOV.UK says decisions are usually made within three weeks from outside the UK or eight weeks from inside the UK after identity and document steps are complete.", "zh-Hans": "GOV.UK 说明，在完成身份和文件步骤后，英国境外申请通常三周内作出决定，英国境内申请通常八周内作出决定。" }, "processing_time_months_min": 0.75, "processing_time_months_max": 2, "initial_validity_months": 60, "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": true, "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": false }, "pr_pathway": { "available": true, "min_residence_years": 5, "summary_md": { "en": "GOV.UK says a Skilled Worker visa holder may apply to settle permanently after five years if the other eligibility requirements are met.", "zh-Hans": "GOV.UK 说明，技术工人签证持有人满足其他资格要求时，五年后可能申请永久定居。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The retained Skilled Worker overview does not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "保留的技术工人签证概览没有确认公民资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 4, "permanence_score": 4, "family_friendliness_score": 4, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 4 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "pathway_type": "residence", "requires_job_offer": true, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "united-kingdom-skilled-worker" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-skilled-worker", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa", "section": "Skilled Worker visa overview and eligibility", "snapshot_id": "7b8a1277ff9c3aa0324f8afe9270d9ade584758c83386a41a79d99fdd3d6d0aa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.619Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-skilled-worker", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa", "section": "Eligibility and how long you can stay", "snapshot_id": "7b8a1277ff9c3aa0324f8afe9270d9ade584758c83386a41a79d99fdd3d6d0aa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.619Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-skilled-worker", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa", "section": "Eligibility: job, sponsor, salary, and English", "snapshot_id": "7b8a1277ff9c3aa0324f8afe9270d9ade584758c83386a41a79d99fdd3d6d0aa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.619Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-skilled-worker", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa", "section": "Eligibility requirements", "snapshot_id": "7b8a1277ff9c3aa0324f8afe9270d9ade584758c83386a41a79d99fdd3d6d0aa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.619Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-skilled-worker", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa", "section": "Approved employer and certificate of sponsorship", "snapshot_id": "7b8a1277ff9c3aa0324f8afe9270d9ade584758c83386a41a79d99fdd3d6d0aa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.619Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-skilled-worker", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa", "section": "Your job and knowledge of English", "snapshot_id": "7b8a1277ff9c3aa0324f8afe9270d9ade584758c83386a41a79d99fdd3d6d0aa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.619Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-skilled-worker", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa", "section": "How much it costs and personal savings", "snapshot_id": "7b8a1277ff9c3aa0324f8afe9270d9ade584758c83386a41a79d99fdd3d6d0aa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.619Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-skilled-worker", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa", "section": "Minimum salary and going-rate requirement", "snapshot_id": "7b8a1277ff9c3aa0324f8afe9270d9ade584758c83386a41a79d99fdd3d6d0aa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.619Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-skilled-worker", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa", "section": "How long you can stay and getting a decision", "snapshot_id": "7b8a1277ff9c3aa0324f8afe9270d9ade584758c83386a41a79d99fdd3d6d0aa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.619Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-skilled-worker", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa", "section": "What you can and cannot do", "snapshot_id": "7b8a1277ff9c3aa0324f8afe9270d9ade584758c83386a41a79d99fdd3d6d0aa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.619Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-skilled-worker", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa", "section": "Partner and children", "snapshot_id": "7b8a1277ff9c3aa0324f8afe9270d9ade584758c83386a41a79d99fdd3d6d0aa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.619Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-skilled-worker", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa", "section": "Settlement after five years", "snapshot_id": "7b8a1277ff9c3aa0324f8afe9270d9ade584758c83386a41a79d99fdd3d6d0aa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.619Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-skilled-worker", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa", "section": "Long-term route caveat", "snapshot_id": "7b8a1277ff9c3aa0324f8afe9270d9ade584758c83386a41a79d99fdd3d6d0aa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.619Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-skilled-worker", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa", "section": "Conservative comparison and filter fields", "snapshot_id": "7b8a1277ff9c3aa0324f8afe9270d9ade584758c83386a41a79d99fdd3d6d0aa", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.619Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T11:42:03Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T11:42:03Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:27.619Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "medium", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa", "country_id": "united-kingdom", "country_names": { "en": "United Kingdom", "zh-Hans": "英国" }, "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Student visa", "zh-Hans": "学生签证（Student visa）" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "summary_md": { "en": "A UK study route for an eligible course with a licensed student sponsor, enough money for the course and living costs, and English-language ability. GOV.UK says degree-level study for adults can usually support up to five years, and many graduates later switch to a Graduate visa for temporary post-study work.", "zh-Hans": "面向持牌学生担保机构合资格课程的英国学习途径，需具备足够学费与生活费以及英语能力。GOV.UK 说明成年学位级课程通常最长可停留五年，许多毕业生之后可转申请毕业签证以获得临时毕业后工作时间。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [ { "amount": 1529, "currency": "GBP", "period": "monthly", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "Living-cost figure for courses in London, for up to 9 months, plus course fees for one academic year as shown on the CAS. Funds must usually be held for 28 consecutive days ending within 31 days of application, subject to exemptions.", "zh-Hans": "伦敦课程的生活费金额，最长按 9 个月计算，另加 CAS 所示一学年学费。资金通常须连续持有 28 天，且该 28 天结束日须在申请日前 31 天内，豁免情形除外。" } }, { "amount": 1171, "currency": "GBP", "period": "monthly", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "Living-cost figure for courses outside London, for up to 9 months, plus course fees. Some applicants are exempt from proving funds, including some nationalities under the differential evidence list and people who have lived in the UK on a valid visa for at least 12 months.", "zh-Hans": "伦敦以外课程的生活费金额，最长按 9 个月计算，另加学费。部分申请人可豁免资金证明，包括差异化证据名单中的部分国籍，以及已在英国持有效签证居住至少 12 个月的人。" } } ], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Student visa application fee (outside or inside the UK)", "zh-Hans": "学生签证申请费（英国境内外）" }, "amount": 558, "currency": "GBP", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The Student route uses course fees and living-cost funds rather than a recurring employment income threshold.", "zh-Hans": "学生途径使用学费与生活费资金要求，而不是经常性就业收入门槛。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "GOV.UK says you usually get a decision within 3 weeks from outside the UK or 8 weeks from inside the UK. Apply up to 6 months before the course from outside the UK, or 3 months before from inside the UK.", "zh-Hans": "GOV.UK 说明英国境外申请通常 3 周内出结果，境内申请通常 8 周内出结果。境外最早可在开课前 6 个月申请，境内最早可在开课前 3 个月申请。" }, "processing_time_months_min": 0.75, "processing_time_months_max": 2, "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": 60 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": "limited", "local_employment_allowed": "limited", "remote_work_allowed": false, "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": false }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "limited", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "limited", "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": false, "note_md": { "en": "GOV.UK says you may be able to bring a partner and children as dependants, subject to the Student visa family rules.", "zh-Hans": "GOV.UK 说明在符合学生签证家属规则的情况下，可能可以携带伴侣和子女作为受养人。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "A Student visa is temporary. GOV.UK points many graduates to a Graduate visa for post-study stay, and later work routes such as Skilled Worker may support settlement when their own rules are met.", "zh-Hans": "学生签证是临时的。GOV.UK 指引许多毕业生申请毕业签证以毕业后停留，之后如技术工人等工签在满足各自规则时可能支持定居。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The Student visa sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "学生签证来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 4, "speed_score": 4, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "united-kingdom-student-visa", "united-kingdom-student-visa-money" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa", "quote_md": "You can apply for a Student visa to study in the UK if you’re 16 or over", "section": "Student visa overview", "snapshot_id": "61dc67478656ea7b75880544279b3661b162e3555326c06e8e25f1d698ce672e", "quote_hash": "1299e2d511968620cc4db17d35f911fc12333115e1d0a292c4dc88e389fbe765", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/status_note_md": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa", "section": "Tier 4 replacement note", "snapshot_id": "61dc67478656ea7b75880544279b3661b162e3555326c06e8e25f1d698ce672e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa", "section": "Overview, how long you can stay, Graduate visa link", "snapshot_id": "61dc67478656ea7b75880544279b3661b162e3555326c06e8e25f1d698ce672e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa", "section": "Eligibility overview", "snapshot_id": "61dc67478656ea7b75880544279b3661b162e3555326c06e8e25f1d698ce672e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa", "section": "What you can and cannot do", "snapshot_id": "61dc67478656ea7b75880544279b3661b162e3555326c06e8e25f1d698ce672e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa", "section": "Licensed student sponsor course offer", "snapshot_id": "61dc67478656ea7b75880544279b3661b162e3555326c06e8e25f1d698ce672e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa", "section": "Age 16+, sponsor offer, English, parental consent", "snapshot_id": "61dc67478656ea7b75880544279b3661b162e3555326c06e8e25f1d698ce672e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa", "section": "Fees £558", "snapshot_id": "61dc67478656ea7b75880544279b3661b162e3555326c06e8e25f1d698ce672e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" }, { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa-money", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa/money", "section": "London £1,529 and outside London £1,171 monthly living costs", "snapshot_id": "00d3a703c7dac6ccc82a26e58b36749a9041f5e7a349e0b46fb189d6ac40345c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa-money", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa/money", "section": "Course fee and financial requirement", "snapshot_id": "00d3a703c7dac6ccc82a26e58b36749a9041f5e7a349e0b46fb189d6ac40345c", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa", "section": "When to apply and how long it takes", "snapshot_id": "61dc67478656ea7b75880544279b3661b162e3555326c06e8e25f1d698ce672e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa", "section": "What you can and cannot do", "snapshot_id": "61dc67478656ea7b75880544279b3661b162e3555326c06e8e25f1d698ce672e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa", "section": "Your partner and children", "snapshot_id": "61dc67478656ea7b75880544279b3661b162e3555326c06e8e25f1d698ce672e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa", "section": "Staying longer and Graduate visa", "snapshot_id": "61dc67478656ea7b75880544279b3661b162e3555326c06e8e25f1d698ce672e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa", "section": "Temporary study route", "snapshot_id": "61dc67478656ea7b75880544279b3661b162e3555326c06e8e25f1d698ce672e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "united-kingdom-student-visa", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/student-visa", "section": "Conservative Student visa filter fields", "snapshot_id": "61dc67478656ea7b75880544279b3661b162e3555326c06e8e25f1d698ce672e", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "united-states-f1-student", "country_id": "united-states", "country_names": { "en": "United States", "zh-Hans": "美国" }, "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "F-1 Student visa", "zh-Hans": "F-1 学生签证" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "summary_md": { "en": "The main US academic student nonimmigrant route. After acceptance by a SEVP-approved school, the school issues Form I-20 and the student pays the SEVIS I-901 fee, then applies for an F-1 visa (usually with Form DS-160 and an interview). Study in the States says on-campus work is limited (generally no more than 20 hours per week while school is in session) and students must show financial ability before arrival. Many graduates later seek post-completion Optional Practical Training (OPT) or employer-sponsored work such as H-1B.", "zh-Hans": "美国主要的学术学生非移民途径。获 SEVP 认证学校录取后，学校签发 I-20，学生缴纳 SEVIS I-901 费，再申请 F-1 签证（通常需 DS-160 与面谈）。Study in the States 说明校内工作有限制（学期中一般每周不超过 20 小时），且入境前须证明经济能力。许多毕业生之后申请毕业后 OPT 或 H-1B 等雇主担保工作。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [ { "amount": "unknown", "currency": "USD", "applies_to": "primary", "calculation": "minimum_total", "note_md": { "en": "Study in the States states F-1 students must prove financial ability (for example bank statements) to pay tuition and living expenses while studying. Exact amounts appear on Form I-20 and school guidance.", "zh-Hans": "Study in the States 说明 F-1 学生须证明有经济能力支付学费与生活费（例如银行对账单）。具体金额见 I-20 与学校说明。" } } ], "application_fees": [ { "label": { "en": "Nonimmigrant visa application fee (MRV / DS-160)", "zh-Hans": "非移民签证申请费（MRV / DS-160）" }, "amount": 185, "currency": "USD", "applies_to": "primary" }, { "label": { "en": "I-901 SEVIS fee (F or M visa applicants, full payment)", "zh-Hans": "I-901 SEVIS 费（F 或 M 签证申请人全额）" }, "amount": 350, "currency": "USD", "applies_to": "primary" } ] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "unknown" ], "income_location": "not_applicable", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "The F-1 route uses school cost-of-attendance and financial evidence rather than a recurring employment income threshold.", "zh-Hans": "F-1 途径使用学校就读费用与资金证明，而不是经常性就业收入门槛。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "Interview wait times vary by embassy or consulate. New-student F visas can be issued up to 365 days before the course start date, but entry is generally limited to no more than 30 days before the start date.", "zh-Hans": "面谈等待时间因使领馆而异。新生 F 签证最早可在开课前 365 天签发，但入境一般不得早于开课前 30 天。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "initial_validity_months": "unknown", "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": "unknown" }, "rights": { "work_allowed": "limited", "local_employment_allowed": "limited", "remote_work_allowed": false, "study_allowed": true, "business_allowed": false }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": true, "spouse_work_allowed": false, "dependent_parents_allowed": false, "note_md": { "en": "A spouse and unmarried children who will live with the student may apply for F-2 visas with individual Forms I-20. Dependents do not pay the SEVIS fee. F-2 work authorization is not established as available in the retained sources for this record.", "zh-Hans": "将与学生同住的配偶与未婚子女可凭各自 I-20 申请 F-2 签证。受养人无需缴纳 SEVIS 费。保留来源未确认 F-2 可获得工作授权。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "F-1 status is temporary nonimmigrant study. Later temporary work (such as OPT) or employer-sponsored classifications (such as H-1B) may support longer stays and, in some cases, employment-based permanent residence under separate rules.", "zh-Hans": "F-1 是临时非移民学习身份。之后的临时工作（如 OPT）或雇主担保类别（如 H-1B）可能支持更长停留，并在部分情况下依其他规则通向职业类永久居留。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The F-1 student sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "F-1 学生来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 4, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "pathway_type": "renewable_temporary", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "united-states-student-f1-state", "united-states-sevis-i901-fee", "united-states-study-in-states-work" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "united-states-student-f1-state", "url": "https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/study/student-visa.html", "section": "Student Visa overview, I-20, fees, F-2", "snapshot_id": "a3ed9cc4f0c0cd7dbba7862a0bd6de94dfb1f87fc6eb2326f7343e2c04f3b050", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "united-states-student-f1-state", "url": "https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/study/student-visa.html", "section": "Student Visa overview, I-20, fees, F-2", "snapshot_id": "a3ed9cc4f0c0cd7dbba7862a0bd6de94dfb1f87fc6eb2326f7343e2c04f3b050", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "united-states-student-f1-state", "url": "https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/study/student-visa.html", "section": "Student Visa overview, I-20, fees, F-2", "snapshot_id": "a3ed9cc4f0c0cd7dbba7862a0bd6de94dfb1f87fc6eb2326f7343e2c04f3b050", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "united-states-student-f1-state", "url": "https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/study/student-visa.html", "section": "Students cannot travel on VWP or visitor visas for degree study", "snapshot_id": "a3ed9cc4f0c0cd7dbba7862a0bd6de94dfb1f87fc6eb2326f7343e2c04f3b050", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "united-states-student-f1-state", "url": "https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/study/student-visa.html", "section": "Student Visa overview, I-20, fees, F-2", "snapshot_id": "a3ed9cc4f0c0cd7dbba7862a0bd6de94dfb1f87fc6eb2326f7343e2c04f3b050", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "united-states-student-f1-state", "url": "https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/study/student-visa.html", "section": "Student Visa overview, I-20, fees, F-2", "snapshot_id": "a3ed9cc4f0c0cd7dbba7862a0bd6de94dfb1f87fc6eb2326f7343e2c04f3b050", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/funds": [ { "source_id": "united-states-student-f1-state", "url": "https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/study/student-visa.html", "section": "Application Fee $185", "snapshot_id": "a3ed9cc4f0c0cd7dbba7862a0bd6de94dfb1f87fc6eb2326f7343e2c04f3b050", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" }, { "source_id": "united-states-sevis-i901-fee", "url": "https://www.ice.gov/sevis/i901", "section": "I-901 SEVIS Fee F or M $350", "snapshot_id": "cdf0edaff25544e36591b9abf19f26fb7fd87412199f75c5f3c233f95f8c5fd6", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" }, { "source_id": "united-states-study-in-states-work", "url": "https://studyinthestates.dhs.gov/students/work/working-in-the-united-states", "section": "financial ability tuition and living expenses", "snapshot_id": "170bf3639b351de04a7d97077135a20d84086642acc01a0f64aeb146fda64af2", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/income": [ { "source_id": "united-states-study-in-states-work", "url": "https://studyinthestates.dhs.gov/students/work/working-in-the-united-states", "section": "prove financial ability before working", "snapshot_id": "170bf3639b351de04a7d97077135a20d84086642acc01a0f64aeb146fda64af2", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/timeline": [ { "source_id": "united-states-student-f1-state", "url": "https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/study/student-visa.html", "section": "365 days issuance / 30 days entry for new students", "snapshot_id": "a3ed9cc4f0c0cd7dbba7862a0bd6de94dfb1f87fc6eb2326f7343e2c04f3b050", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "united-states-study-in-states-work", "url": "https://studyinthestates.dhs.gov/students/work/working-in-the-united-states", "section": "On-campus employment 20 hours per week", "snapshot_id": "170bf3639b351de04a7d97077135a20d84086642acc01a0f64aeb146fda64af2", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "united-states-student-f1-state", "url": "https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/study/student-visa.html", "section": "spouse and children F-2 and individual I-20", "snapshot_id": "a3ed9cc4f0c0cd7dbba7862a0bd6de94dfb1f87fc6eb2326f7343e2c04f3b050", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "united-states-student-f1-state", "url": "https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/study/student-visa.html", "section": "Student Visa overview, I-20, fees, F-2", "snapshot_id": "a3ed9cc4f0c0cd7dbba7862a0bd6de94dfb1f87fc6eb2326f7343e2c04f3b050", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/citizenship_pathway": [ { "source_id": "united-states-student-f1-state", "url": "https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/study/student-visa.html", "section": "Student Visa overview, I-20, fees, F-2", "snapshot_id": "a3ed9cc4f0c0cd7dbba7862a0bd6de94dfb1f87fc6eb2326f7343e2c04f3b050", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/filter": [ { "source_id": "united-states-student-f1-state", "url": "https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/study/student-visa.html", "section": "Student Visa overview, I-20, fees, F-2", "snapshot_id": "a3ed9cc4f0c0cd7dbba7862a0bd6de94dfb1f87fc6eb2326f7343e2c04f3b050", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ] }, "freshness": { "created_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z", "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z", "update_frequency_days": 14, "confidence": "high", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "united-states-h1b-specialty-occupations", "country_id": "united-states", "country_names": { "en": "United States", "zh-Hans": "美国" }, "category_ids": [ "skilled_worker" ], "official_names": { "en": "H-1B Specialty Occupations", "zh-Hans": "H-1B 专业职业签证" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "summary_md": { "en": "A US employer-sponsored nonimmigrant classification for services in a specialty occupation requiring highly specialized knowledge and a directly related bachelor’s degree or equivalent. USCIS describes an employer petition, a certified Labor Condition Application, and an electronic registration process for cap-subject cases.", "zh-Hans": "美国雇主担保的非移民类别，面向需要高度专业知识以及相关学士学位或同等学历的专业职业。USCIS 说明，该途径涉及雇主递交申请、经认证的劳工情况申请，以及受配额限制案件的电子注册流程。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": "unknown", "accepted_sources": [ "employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination" }, "timeline": { "initial_validity_months": 36, "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": 72 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "unknown", "business_allowed": false }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": true, "unmarried_partner_allowed": false, "children_allowed": true, "max_child_age": 21, "spouse_work_allowed": "unknown", "dependent_parents_allowed": false }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The H-1B page describes a nonimmigrant classification and does not itself establish a permanent-residence outcome for every case.", "zh-Hans": "H-1B 页面描述的是非移民类别，本身没有确认每个案件的永久居留结果。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The USCIS H-1B page does not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "USCIS H-1B 页面没有确认公民资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 4, "cost_score": 4, "speed_score": 2, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 3, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 2 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "temporary_no_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "employer_sponsored", "pathway_type": "temporary_only", "requires_job_offer": true, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "united-states-h1b-specialty-occupations" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "united-states-h1b-specialty-occupations", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/h-1b-specialty-occupations", "section": "H-1B Specialty Occupations current USCIS notices", 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"https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/h-1b-specialty-occupations", "section": "Eligibility criteria and cap-subject registration", "snapshot_id": "0129d196e40811964422e386e48ca279aad456c514282184d9a29f6cb0c9eb36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:29.968Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "united-states-h1b-specialty-occupations", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/h-1b-specialty-occupations", "section": "Employer petition and Labor Condition Application", "snapshot_id": "0129d196e40811964422e386e48ca279aad456c514282184d9a29f6cb0c9eb36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:29.968Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "united-states-h1b-specialty-occupations", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/h-1b-specialty-occupations", "section": "Specialty occupation degree and equivalent requirements", "snapshot_id": "0129d196e40811964422e386e48ca279aad456c514282184d9a29f6cb0c9eb36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:29.968Z" 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"retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:29.968Z" } ], "/rights": [ { "source_id": "united-states-h1b-specialty-occupations", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/h-1b-specialty-occupations", "section": "Employment authorization and portability", "snapshot_id": "0129d196e40811964422e386e48ca279aad456c514282184d9a29f6cb0c9eb36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:29.968Z" } ], "/family": [ { "source_id": "united-states-h1b-specialty-occupations", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/h-1b-specialty-occupations", "section": "Family of H-1B nonimmigrants", "snapshot_id": "0129d196e40811964422e386e48ca279aad456c514282184d9a29f6cb0c9eb36", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T11:46:29.968Z" } ], "/pr_pathway": [ { "source_id": "united-states-h1b-specialty-occupations", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/h-1b-specialty-occupations", "section": "Nonimmigrant classification caveat", "snapshot_id": 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"medium", "needs_human_review": true } }, { "program_id": "united-states-opt-f1", "country_id": "united-states", "country_names": { "en": "United States", "zh-Hans": "美国" }, "category_ids": [ "study_to_pr" ], "official_names": { "en": "Optional Practical Training (OPT) for F-1 students", "zh-Hans": "F-1 学生选择性实习培训（OPT）" }, "status": "active", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "summary_md": { "en": "A US post-study and in-study training authorization for F-1 students. After a DSO recommends OPT in SEVIS and endorses Form I-20, the student files Form I-765 with USCIS. Post-completion OPT generally requires at least 20 hours of work per week related to the major. STEM OPT can add 24 months for designated degrees. OPT is not permanent residence; many students later seek H-1B or other work classifications.", "zh-Hans": "面向 F-1 学生的美国在读/毕业后培训授权。DSO 在 SEVIS 推荐 OPT 并背书 I-20 后，学生向 USCIS 递交 I-765。完成后 OPT 通常要求每周至少 20 小时与主修相关的工作。指定 STEM 学位可再延长 24 个月。OPT 不是永久居留；许多学生之后申请 H-1B 等其他工作类别。" }, "funds": { "proof_of_funds": [], "application_fees": [] }, "income": { "required": "not_applicable", "accepted_sources": [ "employment" ], "income_location": "inside_destination", "stability_requirement_md": { "en": "OPT is employment authorization related to the major rather than a minimum-income route. Post-completion OPT requires part-time (at least 20 hours per week) or full-time work as authorized.", "zh-Hans": "OPT 是与主修相关的就业授权，而不是最低收入途径。完成后 OPT 须按授权从事兼职（每周至少 20 小时）或全职工作。" } }, "timeline": { "application_processing_time_md": { "en": "For initial post-completion OPT, USCIS says you must apply after the DSO enters the recommendation, within 30 days of that recommendation, and no later than 60 days after degree completion (and up to 90 days before completion). Regular OPT is up to 12 months per education level; STEM OPT can add 24 months.", "zh-Hans": "USCIS 说明初始完成后 OPT 须在 DSO 录入推荐后申请，推荐后 30 天内，且不得晚于毕业后 60 天（最早可在毕业前 90 天）。常规 OPT 每个教育层次最长 12 个月；STEM OPT 可再加 24 个月。" }, "processing_time_months_min": "unknown", "processing_time_months_max": "unknown", "initial_validity_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_stay_months": 36 }, "rights": { "work_allowed": true, "local_employment_allowed": true, "remote_work_allowed": "unknown", "study_allowed": "limited", "business_allowed": "unknown" }, "family": { "spouse_or_partner_allowed": "limited", "unmarried_partner_allowed": "unknown", "children_allowed": "limited", "spouse_work_allowed": false, "dependent_parents_allowed": false, "note_md": { "en": "F-2 dependants remain tied to the principal F-1 status. The OPT page focuses on the F-1 student’s employment authorization rather than expanding F-2 work rights.", "zh-Hans": "F-2 受养人仍依附于主申请人 F-1 身份。OPT 页面侧重 F-1 学生就业授权，并未扩大 F-2 工作权利。" } }, "pr_pathway": { "available": "indirect", "summary_md": { "en": "OPT is temporary training authorization. USCIS also describes a cap-gap extension when a timely H-1B petition and change of status are filed. Permanent residence, if any, depends on a later immigrant category, not on OPT itself.", "zh-Hans": "OPT 是临时培训授权。USCIS 也描述在及时递交 H-1B 申请与身份变更时的 cap-gap 延期。永久居留（如有）取决于后续移民类别，而非 OPT 本身。" } }, "citizenship_pathway": { "available": "unknown", "summary_md": { "en": "The OPT sources do not establish citizenship eligibility.", "zh-Hans": "OPT 来源没有确认公民资格。" } }, "comparison": { "difficulty_score": 3, "cost_score": 3, "speed_score": 3, "permanence_score": 2, "family_friendliness_score": 2, "source_confidence_score": 5, "policy_stability_score": 3 }, "filter": { "settlement_track": "temporary_may_lead_pr", "pathway_mechanism": "other", "pathway_type": "temporary_only", "requires_job_offer": false, "requires_local_entity": false }, "source_ids": [ "united-states-opt-f1", "united-states-study-in-states-work" ], "field_citations": { "/status": [ { "source_id": "united-states-opt-f1", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/students-and-exchange-visitors/optional-practical-training-opt-for-f-1-students", "section": "Optional Practical Training for F-1 Students", "snapshot_id": "f4182c8a0ee6d177a630540259d4ee9b03e14dff7829450a9d6f0e2ce689821f", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/summary_md": [ { "source_id": "united-states-opt-f1", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/students-and-exchange-visitors/optional-practical-training-opt-for-f-1-students", "section": "Optional Practical Training for F-1 Students", "snapshot_id": "f4182c8a0ee6d177a630540259d4ee9b03e14dff7829450a9d6f0e2ce689821f", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "united-states-opt-f1", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/students-and-exchange-visitors/optional-practical-training-opt-for-f-1-students", "section": "Optional Practical Training for F-1 Students", "snapshot_id": "f4182c8a0ee6d177a630540259d4ee9b03e14dff7829450a9d6f0e2ce689821f", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/not_good_for_md": [ { "source_id": "united-states-opt-f1", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/students-and-exchange-visitors/optional-practical-training-opt-for-f-1-students", "section": "Optional Practical Training for F-1 Students", "snapshot_id": "f4182c8a0ee6d177a630540259d4ee9b03e14dff7829450a9d6f0e2ce689821f", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/pathway_mechanism": [ { "source_id": "united-states-opt-f1", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/students-and-exchange-visitors/optional-practical-training-opt-for-f-1-students", "section": "Optional Practical Training for F-1 Students", "snapshot_id": "f4182c8a0ee6d177a630540259d4ee9b03e14dff7829450a9d6f0e2ce689821f", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z" } ], "/eligibility": [ { "source_id": "united-states-opt-f1", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/students-and-exchange-visitors/optional-practical-training-opt-for-f-1-students", "section": "one full academic year; 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