{
  "countries": [
    {
      "id": "australia",
      "iso2": "AU",
      "iso3": "AUS",
      "names": {
        "en": "Australia",
        "zh-Hans": "澳大利亚"
      },
      "region": "Oceania",
      "summary_md": {
        "en": "Australia now has official bootstrap coverage for independent skilled migration, employer-sponsored skilled work, student study, and post-study graduate work. No dedicated digital-nomad visa is included.",
        "zh-Hans": "澳大利亚现在覆盖独立技术移民、雇主担保技术工作、学生学习和毕业后工作。未加入专门的数字游民签证。"
      },
      "brand": {
        "color": "#012169",
        "source": "flag"
      },
      "official_source_ids": [
        "australia-home-affairs-189",
        "australia-home-affairs-189-points-tested",
        "australia-home-affairs-citizenship",
        "australia-home-affairs-english",
        "australia-home-affairs-points-table",
        "australia-home-affairs-skills-assessment",
        "australia-skills-in-demand-482",
        "australia-skills-in-demand-482-english",
        "australia-skills-in-demand-482-family",
        "australia-skills-in-demand-482-salary",
        "australia-skillselect-eoi",
        "australia-student-500",
        "australia-temporary-graduate-485",
        "australia-temporary-graduate-485-higher",
        "australia-temporary-graduate-485-vocational"
      ],
      "categories": [
        "skilled_worker",
        "study_to_pr"
      ],
      "program_ids": [
        "australia-skilled-independent-189",
        "australia-skills-in-demand-482",
        "australia-student-500",
        "australia-temporary-graduate-485"
      ],
      "freshness": {
        "created_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z",
        "updated_at": "2026-07-11T12:44:53Z",
        "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T12:49:18.318Z",
        "update_frequency_days": 7,
        "confidence": "medium",
        "needs_human_review": true
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "canada",
      "iso2": "CA",
      "iso3": "CAN",
      "names": {
        "en": "Canada",
        "zh-Hans": "加拿大"
      },
      "region": "North America",
      "summary_md": {
        "en": "Canada now has official bootstrap coverage for Federal Skilled Worker and Canadian Experience Class permanent residence through Express Entry, plus the study permit and post-graduation work permit study-to-work path. No dedicated digital-nomad visa is included.",
        "zh-Hans": "加拿大现在覆盖通过快速通道的联邦技术工人与加拿大经验类永久居留，以及学习许可和毕业后工作许可的留学-工作路径。未加入专门的数字游民签证。"
      },
      "brand": {
        "color": "#D52B1E",
        "source": "flag"
      },
      "official_source_ids": [
        "canada-ircc-fsw",
        "canada-ircc-proof-funds",
        "canada-ircc-language-tests",
        "canada-ircc-eca",
        "canada-ircc-fees",
        "canada-ircc-rounds",
        "canada-ircc-citizenship",
        "canada-ircc-pr-rights",
        "canada-ircc-family-inclusion",
        "canada-ircc-police-certificates",
        "canada-ircc-medical-exams",
        "canada-ircc-processing-times",
        "canada-ircc-cec",
        "canada-ircc-study-permit",
        "canada-ircc-study-permit-eligibility",
        "canada-ircc-study-permit-documents",
        "canada-ircc-study-permit-financial-support",
        "canada-ircc-pgwp-about",
        "canada-ircc-pgwp-eligibility",
        "canada-ircc-pgwp-apply"
      ],
      "categories": [
        "skilled_worker",
        "study_to_pr"
      ],
      "program_ids": [
        "canada-express-entry-fsw",
        "canada-express-entry-cec",
        "canada-study-permit",
        "canada-post-graduation-work-permit"
      ],
      "freshness": {
        "created_at": "2026-07-10T00:00:00Z",
        "updated_at": "2026-07-11T13:30:46Z",
        "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T13:30:46.000Z",
        "update_frequency_days": 3,
        "confidence": "high",
        "needs_human_review": true
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "croatia",
      "iso2": "HR",
      "iso3": "HRV",
      "names": {
        "en": "Croatia",
        "zh-Hans": "克罗地亚"
      },
      "region": "Europe",
      "summary_md": {
        "en": "Croatia coverage includes temporary stay for digital nomads and an employer-linked stay and work path for highly qualified workers (EU Blue Card).",
        "zh-Hans": "克罗地亚覆盖包括数字游民临时停留，以及高技能劳动者的雇主关联居留和工作路径（欧盟蓝卡）。"
      },
      "brand": {
        "color": "#FF0000",
        "source": "flag"
      },
      "official_source_ids": [
        "croatia-mup-digital-nomad",
        "croatia-mup-eu-blue-card",
        "croatia-mup-work-third-country"
      ],
      "categories": [
        "digital_nomad",
        "skilled_worker"
      ],
      "program_ids": [
        "croatia-digital-nomad",
        "croatia-eu-blue-card"
      ],
      "freshness": {
        "created_at": "2026-07-11T07:42:21.348Z",
        "updated_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z",
        "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z",
        "update_frequency_days": 30,
        "confidence": "high",
        "needs_human_review": true
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "estonia",
      "iso2": "EE",
      "iso3": "EST",
      "names": {
        "en": "Estonia",
        "zh-Hans": "爱沙尼亚"
      },
      "region": "Europe",
      "summary_md": {
        "en": "Official coverage distinguishes Estonia e-Residency, a digital identity with no residence or travel rights, from the separate Digital Nomad Visa for temporary remote work stays.",
        "zh-Hans": "官方信息区分爱沙尼亚电子居民身份（不提供居留或旅行权利）与面向临时远程工作停留的数字游民签证。"
      },
      "brand": {
        "color": "#0072CE",
        "source": "flag"
      },
      "official_source_ids": [
        "estonia-e-residency-apply",
        "estonia-digital-nomad-visa",
        "estonia-digital-nomad-visa-faq"
      ],
      "categories": [
        "digital_nomad",
        "startup_entrepreneur"
      ],
      "program_ids": [
        "estonia-e-residency",
        "estonia-digital-nomad-visa"
      ],
      "freshness": {
        "created_at": "2026-07-11T06:28:54.771Z",
        "updated_at": "2026-07-11T06:28:54.771Z",
        "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T06:28:54.771Z",
        "update_frequency_days": 30,
        "confidence": "high",
        "needs_human_review": true
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "germany",
      "iso2": "DE",
      "iso3": "DEU",
      "names": {
        "en": "Germany",
        "zh-Hans": "德国"
      },
      "region": "Europe",
      "summary_md": {
        "en": "Germany now has official bootstrap coverage for the EU Blue Card, the Opportunity Card job-search route, and full-time student residence. No dedicated digital-nomad visa is included.",
        "zh-Hans": "德国现在覆盖欧盟蓝卡、机会卡求职途径以及全日制学习居留。未加入专门的数字游民签证。"
      },
      "brand": {
        "color": "#FFCC00",
        "source": "flag"
      },
      "official_source_ids": [
        "germany-eu-blue-card",
        "germany-opportunity-card",
        "germany-bamf-studying",
        "germany-study-in-germany-visa"
      ],
      "categories": [
        "skilled_worker",
        "study_to_pr"
      ],
      "program_ids": [
        "germany-eu-blue-card",
        "germany-opportunity-card",
        "germany-student-residence"
      ],
      "freshness": {
        "created_at": "2026-07-11T11:42:03Z",
        "updated_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25Z",
        "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z",
        "update_frequency_days": 14,
        "confidence": "medium",
        "needs_human_review": true
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "hong-kong",
      "iso2": "HK",
      "iso3": "HKG",
      "names": {
        "en": "Hong Kong",
        "zh-Hans": "中国香港"
      },
      "region": "Asia",
      "summary_md": {
        "en": "Hong Kong coverage includes the Top Talent Pass Scheme for skilled admission and the student visa/entry permit for eligible study. There is no dedicated digital-nomad visa in this record.",
        "zh-Hans": "香港覆盖包括顶尖人才通行证计划（技术/人才入境）以及合资格学习的学生签证/进入许可。本记录不包含专门数字游民签证。"
      },
      "brand": {
        "color": "#DE2910",
        "source": "flag"
      },
      "official_source_ids": [
        "hong-kong-immd-ttps",
        "hong-kong-immd-ttps-faq",
        "hong-kong-immd-study"
      ],
      "categories": [
        "skilled_worker",
        "study_to_pr"
      ],
      "program_ids": [
        "hong-kong-top-talent-pass",
        "hong-kong-student"
      ],
      "freshness": {
        "created_at": "2026-07-11T05:36:00Z",
        "updated_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z",
        "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z",
        "update_frequency_days": 14,
        "confidence": "high",
        "needs_human_review": true
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "japan",
      "iso2": "JP",
      "iso3": "JPN",
      "names": {
        "en": "Japan",
        "zh-Hans": "日本"
      },
      "region": "Asia",
      "summary_md": {
        "en": "Japan now has official bootstrap coverage for Engineer/Specialist skilled work, Student status for school-based study, and Designated Activities digital-nomad remote work for up to six months.",
        "zh-Hans": "日本现在覆盖技术·人文·国际业务工作、留学在留资格，以及最长六个月的特定活动数字游民远程工作途径。"
      },
      "brand": {
        "color": "#BC002D",
        "source": "flag"
      },
      "official_source_ids": [
        "japan-isa-engineer-specialist",
        "japan-isa-residence-status-list",
        "japan-isa-digital-nomad",
        "japan-studyinjapan-student"
      ],
      "categories": [
        "skilled_worker",
        "study_to_pr",
        "digital_nomad"
      ],
      "program_ids": [
        "japan-engineer-specialist",
        "japan-student",
        "japan-digital-nomad"
      ],
      "freshness": {
        "created_at": "2026-07-11T05:36:00Z",
        "updated_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25Z",
        "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:09:25.000Z",
        "update_frequency_days": 30,
        "confidence": "medium",
        "needs_human_review": true
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "malaysia",
      "iso2": "MY",
      "iso3": "MYS",
      "names": {
        "en": "Malaysia",
        "zh-Hans": "马来西亚"
      },
      "region": "Asia",
      "summary_md": {
        "en": "Malaysia now has bootstrap coverage across digital nomad, employer-sponsored work, and study pathways, with official MDEC, Immigration, ESD, and EMGS sources retained for review.",
        "zh-Hans": "马来西亚现在覆盖数字游牧、雇主担保工作和学习途径，并保留了 MDEC、移民局、ESD 和 EMGS 官方来源供审查。"
      },
      "brand": {
        "color": "#010066",
        "source": "flag"
      },
      "official_source_ids": [
        "malaysia-emgs-student-pass-faq",
        "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-guidebook",
        "malaysia-esd-employment-pass-overview",
        "malaysia-immigration-student-pass",
        "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau",
        "malaysia-mdec-de-rantau-update",
        "malaysia-mdec-foreign-knowledge-worker-epass"
      ],
      "categories": [
        "digital_nomad",
        "skilled_worker",
        "study_to_pr"
      ],
      "program_ids": [
        "malaysia-de-rantau-nomad-pass",
        "malaysia-employment-pass",
        "malaysia-student-pass"
      ],
      "freshness": {
        "created_at": "2026-07-11T11:42:03Z",
        "updated_at": "2026-07-11T11:56:45Z",
        "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T12:00:16.054Z",
        "update_frequency_days": 14,
        "confidence": "medium",
        "needs_human_review": true
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "netherlands",
      "iso2": "NL",
      "iso3": "NLD",
      "names": {
        "en": "Netherlands",
        "zh-Hans": "荷兰"
      },
      "region": "Europe",
      "summary_md": {
        "en": "The Netherlands offers employer-sponsored skilled work and graduate orientation routes through the Immigration and Naturalisation Service.",
        "zh-Hans": "荷兰通过移民和归化局提供雇主资助的技术工作和毕业生定向途径。"
      },
      "brand": {
        "color": "#AE1C28",
        "source": "official_site"
      },
      "official_source_ids": [
        "netherlands-ind-highly-skilled-migrant",
        "netherlands-ind-orientation-year"
      ],
      "categories": [
        "skilled_worker",
        "study_to_pr"
      ],
      "program_ids": [
        "netherlands-highly-skilled-migrant",
        "netherlands-orientation-year"
      ],
      "freshness": {
        "created_at": "2026-07-11T07:42:21.348Z",
        "updated_at": "2026-07-11T07:42:21.348Z",
        "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T07:42:21.348Z",
        "update_frequency_days": 30,
        "confidence": "high",
        "needs_human_review": true
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "new-zealand",
      "iso2": "NZ",
      "iso3": "NZL",
      "names": {
        "en": "New Zealand",
        "zh-Hans": "新西兰"
      },
      "region": "Oceania",
      "summary_md": {
        "en": "New Zealand coverage includes AEWV and Skilled Migrant Category for work/residence, plus the Fee Paying Student Visa for international study. There is no dedicated digital-nomad visa in this record.",
        "zh-Hans": "新西兰覆盖包括认可雇主工作签证与技术移民居民类别，以及国际学生自费学生签证。本记录不包含专门数字游民签证。"
      },
      "brand": {
        "color": "#012169",
        "source": "flag"
      },
      "official_source_ids": [
        "new-zealand-inz-aewv",
        "new-zealand-inz-aewv-family",
        "new-zealand-inz-smc-resident",
        "new-zealand-inz-fee-paying-student",
        "new-zealand-inz-student-funds"
      ],
      "categories": [
        "skilled_worker",
        "study_to_pr"
      ],
      "program_ids": [
        "new-zealand-accredited-employer-work-visa",
        "new-zealand-skilled-migrant-category",
        "new-zealand-fee-paying-student"
      ],
      "freshness": {
        "created_at": "2026-07-11T06:28:54.771Z",
        "updated_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z",
        "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z",
        "update_frequency_days": 14,
        "confidence": "high",
        "needs_human_review": true
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "portugal",
      "iso2": "PT",
      "iso3": "PRT",
      "names": {
        "en": "Portugal",
        "zh-Hans": "葡萄牙"
      },
      "region": "Europe",
      "summary_md": {
        "en": "Portugal coverage includes remote-work digital-nomad residence (D8-style), residence for employed subordinate work, and study residence pathways. Always verify current AIMA and consular instructions before applying.",
        "zh-Hans": "葡萄牙覆盖包括远程工作数字游民居留（D8 类）、受雇从属工作居留以及学习居留途径。申请前请务必核对当前 AIMA 与领事说明。"
      },
      "brand": {
        "color": "#046A38",
        "source": "flag"
      },
      "official_source_ids": [
        "portugal-aima-digital-nomad-residence",
        "portugal-gov-remote-work-residence",
        "portugal-eu-employed-worker",
        "portugal-eu-student"
      ],
      "categories": [
        "digital_nomad",
        "skilled_worker",
        "study_to_pr"
      ],
      "program_ids": [
        "portugal-d8-digital-nomad",
        "portugal-employed-worker-residence",
        "portugal-student-residence"
      ],
      "freshness": {
        "created_at": "2026-07-11T04:30:43Z",
        "updated_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z",
        "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z",
        "update_frequency_days": 7,
        "confidence": "medium",
        "needs_human_review": true
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "singapore",
      "iso2": "SG",
      "iso3": "SGP",
      "names": {
        "en": "Singapore",
        "zh-Hans": "新加坡"
      },
      "region": "Asia",
      "summary_md": {
        "en": "Singapore coverage includes Employment Pass and EntrePass for work/entrepreneurship, plus the Student’s Pass for full-time study. There is no dedicated digital-nomad visa in this record.",
        "zh-Hans": "新加坡覆盖包括就业准证与创业准证，以及全日制学习的学生准证。本记录不包含专门数字游民签证。"
      },
      "brand": {
        "color": "#EF3340",
        "source": "flag"
      },
      "official_source_ids": [
        "singapore-mom-employment-pass-key-facts",
        "singapore-mom-employment-pass-eligibility",
        "singapore-mom-entrepass-overview",
        "singapore-mom-entrepass-eligibility",
        "singapore-mom-entrepass-family",
        "singapore-acra-business-requirements",
        "singapore-mom-ep-shareholder-faq",
        "singapore-ica-student-pass"
      ],
      "categories": [
        "skilled_worker",
        "startup_entrepreneur",
        "study_to_pr"
      ],
      "program_ids": [
        "singapore-employment-pass",
        "singapore-entrepass",
        "singapore-student-pass"
      ],
      "freshness": {
        "created_at": "2026-07-11T05:36:00Z",
        "updated_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z",
        "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:45:00.000Z",
        "update_frequency_days": 14,
        "confidence": "high",
        "needs_human_review": true
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "spain",
      "iso2": "ES",
      "iso3": "ESP",
      "names": {
        "en": "Spain",
        "zh-Hans": "西班牙"
      },
      "region": "Europe",
      "summary_md": {
        "en": "Spain now has bootstrap coverage across international telework, highly qualified employment, and long-stay study, using Spanish Ministry of Inclusion and Foreign Affairs sources.",
        "zh-Hans": "西班牙现在覆盖国际远程工作、高技能就业和长期学习停留，并使用西班牙包容部和外交部来源。"
      },
      "brand": {
        "color": "#AA151B",
        "source": "flag"
      },
      "official_source_ids": [
        "spain-exteriores-study-visa",
        "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-initial",
        "spain-inclusion-highly-qualified-renewal",
        "spain-inclusion-study-stay",
        "spain-uge-international-teleworkers",
        "spain-uge-teleworker-faq"
      ],
      "categories": [
        "digital_nomad",
        "skilled_worker",
        "study_to_pr"
      ],
      "program_ids": [
        "spain-digital-nomad",
        "spain-highly-qualified-professionals",
        "spain-study-stay"
      ],
      "freshness": {
        "created_at": "2026-07-11T04:30:43Z",
        "updated_at": "2026-07-11T12:27:41Z",
        "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T12:31:40.915Z",
        "update_frequency_days": 7,
        "confidence": "medium",
        "needs_human_review": true
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "uae",
      "iso2": "AE",
      "iso3": "ARE",
      "names": {
        "en": "United Arab Emirates",
        "zh-Hans": "阿联酋"
      },
      "region": "Middle East",
      "summary_md": {
        "en": "Coverage is being expanded with official sources for remote-work residence. A complete pathway record will be added after the source set is reviewed.",
        "zh-Hans": "正在通过官方来源扩展远程工作居留信息。完整路径记录将在来源集完成审查后添加。"
      },
      "brand": {
        "color": "#00843D",
        "source": "flag"
      },
      "official_source_ids": [
        "uae-icp-virtual-work-residence",
        "uae-gdrfa-virtual-work-residence",
        "uae-gov-free-zone-starting-business",
        "uae-gov-business-residence-green-visa",
        "uae-dmcc-business-setup",
        "uae-gdrfa-green-residence-partner-investor",
        "uae-icp-green-residency",
        "uae-gdrfa-green-self-employment",
        "uae-icp-golden-residency",
        "uae-gdrfa-golden-investor",
        "uae-icp-golden-entrepreneur",
        "uae-gdrfa-golden-talent"
      ],
      "categories": [
        "digital_nomad",
        "startup_entrepreneur",
        "investor",
        "skilled_worker"
      ],
      "program_ids": [
        "uae-remote-work",
        "uae-free-zone-investor",
        "uae-green-freelancer",
        "uae-golden-property-investor",
        "uae-golden-talent",
        "uae-golden-entrepreneur"
      ],
      "freshness": {
        "created_at": "2026-07-11T04:30:43Z",
        "updated_at": "2026-07-11T04:30:43Z",
        "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T04:30:43Z",
        "update_frequency_days": 7,
        "confidence": "medium",
        "needs_human_review": true
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "united-kingdom",
      "iso2": "GB",
      "iso3": "GBR",
      "names": {
        "en": "United Kingdom",
        "zh-Hans": "英国"
      },
      "region": "Europe",
      "summary_md": {
        "en": "The United Kingdom now has official bootstrap coverage for the Skilled Worker visa, Student visa, and Graduate visa post-study route. No dedicated digital-nomad visa is included.",
        "zh-Hans": "英国现在覆盖技术工人签证、学生签证以及毕业后工作的毕业签证。未加入专门的数字游民签证。"
      },
      "brand": {
        "color": "#012169",
        "source": "flag"
      },
      "official_source_ids": [
        "united-kingdom-skilled-worker",
        "united-kingdom-student-visa",
        "united-kingdom-student-visa-money",
        "united-kingdom-graduate-visa"
      ],
      "categories": [
        "skilled_worker",
        "study_to_pr"
      ],
      "program_ids": [
        "united-kingdom-skilled-worker",
        "united-kingdom-student-visa",
        "united-kingdom-graduate-visa"
      ],
      "freshness": {
        "created_at": "2026-07-11T11:42:03Z",
        "updated_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30Z",
        "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T13:54:30.000Z",
        "update_frequency_days": 14,
        "confidence": "medium",
        "needs_human_review": true
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "united-states",
      "iso2": "US",
      "iso3": "USA",
      "names": {
        "en": "United States",
        "zh-Hans": "美国"
      },
      "region": "North America",
      "summary_md": {
        "en": "United States coverage includes employer-sponsored H-1B specialty occupations, the F-1 academic student visa, and Optional Practical Training (OPT) after study. There is no dedicated digital-nomad visa in this record.",
        "zh-Hans": "美国覆盖包括雇主担保 H-1B 专业职业、F-1 学术学生签证，以及毕业后选择性实习培训（OPT）。本记录不包含专门数字游民签证。"
      },
      "brand": {
        "color": "#B31942",
        "source": "flag"
      },
      "official_source_ids": [
        "united-states-h1b-specialty-occupations",
        "united-states-student-f1-state",
        "united-states-opt-f1",
        "united-states-sevis-i901-fee",
        "united-states-study-in-states-work"
      ],
      "categories": [
        "skilled_worker",
        "study_to_pr"
      ],
      "program_ids": [
        "united-states-h1b-specialty-occupations",
        "united-states-f1-student",
        "united-states-opt-f1"
      ],
      "freshness": {
        "created_at": "2026-07-11T11:42:03Z",
        "updated_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z",
        "last_checked_at": "2026-07-11T14:20:00.000Z",
        "update_frequency_days": 14,
        "confidence": "high",
        "needs_human_review": true
      }
    }
  ]
}
